EDU-GAN:Edge Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks with Dual-Domain Discriminators for Inscription Images Denoising

Recovering high-quality inscription images from unknown and complex inscription noisy images is a challenging research issue.Different fromnatural images,character images pay more attention to stroke information.However,existingmodelsmainly consider pixel-level informationwhile ignoring structural information of the character,such as its edge and glyph,resulting in reconstructed images with mottled local structure and character damage.To solve these problems,we propose a novel generative adversarial network(GAN)framework based on an edge-guided generator and a discriminator constructed by a dual-domain U-Net framework,i.e.,EDU-GAN.Unlike existing frameworks,the generator introduces the edge extractionmodule,guiding it into the denoising process through the attention mechanism,which maintains the edge detail of the restored inscription image.Moreover,a dual-domain U-Net-based discriminator is proposed to learn the global and local discrepancy between the denoised and the label images in both image and morphological domains,which is helpful to blind denoising tasks.The proposed dual-domain discriminator and generator for adversarial training can reduce local artifacts and keep the denoised character structure intact.Due to the lack of a real-inscription image,we built the real-inscription dataset to provide an effective benchmark for studying inscription image denoising.The experimental results show the superiority of our method both in the synthetic and real-inscription datasets.

Burst mode enabled ultrafast laser inscription inside gallium arsenide

Ultrafast laser inscription(ULI)inside semiconductors offers new perspectives for 3D monolithic structures to be fabricated and new functionalities to be added in electronic and photonic microdevices.However,important challenges remain because of nonlinear effects such as strong plasma generation that distort the energy delivery at the focal point when exposing these materials to intense infrared light.Up to now,the successful technological demonstrations have primarily concentrated on silicon(Si).In this paper,we target at another important semiconductor:gallium arsenide(GaAs).With nonlinearities higher than those of Si,3D-machining of GaAs with femtosecond pulses becomes even harder.However,we show that the difficulty can be circumvented by burst-mode irradiation.We generate and apply trains of pulses at terahertz repetition rates for efficient pulse-to-pulse accumulation of laser-induced free carriers in the focal region,while avoiding an overdose of prefocal excitations.The superior performance of burst-mode irradiation is confirmed by a comparative study conducted with infrared luminescence microscopy.The results indicate a successful reduction of the plasma density in the prefocal region so that higher pulse energy reaches the focal spot.The same method is applied to identify optimum irradiation conditions considering particular cases such as asymmetric pulse trains and aberrated beams.With 64-pulse trains,we successfully manage to cross the writing threshold providing a solution for ULI inside GaAs.The application potential is finally illustrated with a stealth dicing demonstration by taking benefit of the burst mode.The irradiation method opens wide possibilities for 3D structuring inside GaAs by ULI.

Circular cladding waveguides in Pr:YAG fabricated by femtosecond laser inscription:Raman,luminescence properties and guiding performance

We report on the fabrication of circular cladding waveguides with cross-section diameters of 60−120μm in Pr:YAG crystal by applying femtosecond laser inscription.The fabricated waveguides present 2D guidance on the cross-section and fairly low propagation losses.Multiple high-order guiding modes are observed in waveguides with different diameters.Corresponding simulation results reveal the origin of a specific kind of guiding modes.Confocal micro-Raman(μ-Raman)experiments demonstrate the modification effects in femtosecond laser affected areas and ascertain the refractive index induced guiding mechanism.In addition,luminescence emission properties of Pr3+ions at waveguide volume are well preserved during the femtosecond laser inscription process,which may result in a potential high-power visible waveguide laser.

Constructing Teaching Model for Training English Guides of Stone Inscription Relics

A teaching model based on constructivism is proposed in this paper. The model contains five teaching steps, e.g. interpretation teaching, questioning- dialogue, knowledge and skills teaching, discussion- collaboration and field training. Practice proves that it can effectively improve the training efficiency of the training of English guides of stone inscription relics and enhance their interpretation quality and English skills.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions Big Knowledge Management and Service Platform

Oracle bone inscriptions (OBI) has important historical and cultural values. The traditional OBI research methods are at a choke point, and the research method using computer science and information technology has opened up the way of OBI information processing. However, it faces some problems, such as large but not centralized knowledge system, long learning cycle, learning difficulties, being difficult to obtain resources, inconsistent format, low retrieval accuracy, and low knowledge sharing and reuse. To solve these problems, it designs an OBI big data research resource management and intelligent knowledge service platform. Its goal is to make full use of OBI big data characteristics and use the knowledge engineering technology to build an OBI knowledge ecosystem. The experiment results show that the platform proposed provides effective one-stop knowledge management and knowledge service.

An Oracle Bone Inscription Detector Based on Multi-Scale Gaussian Kernels

The detection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions (OBIs) is one of the most fundamental tasks in the study of Oracle Bone, which aims to locate the positions of OBIs on rubbing images. The existing methods are based on the scheme of anchor boxes, involving complex network design and a great number of anchor boxes. In order to overcome the problem, this paper proposes a simpler but more effective OBIs detector by using an anchor-free scheme, where shape-adaptive Gaussian kernels are employed to represent the spatial regions of different OBIs. More specifically, to address the problem of misdetection caused by regional overlapping between some tightly distributed OBIs, the character regions are simultaneously represented by multiscale Gaussian kernels to obtain regions with sharp edges. Besides, based on the kernel predictions of different scales, a novel post-processing pipeline is used to obtain accurate predictions of bounding boxes. Experiments show that our OBIs detector has achieved significant results on the OBIs dataset, which greatly outperforms several mainstream object detectors in both speed and efficiency. Dataset is available at http://jgw.aynu.edu.cn.

Review: Hu Houxuan, "Xia and the Tu State in the Oracle Inscriptions: A Consideration" Gudai Chengbang Shi Yanjiu (Studies on Ancient City States) Renmin Press, 1989, Pp. 340-353.

This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state of Xia, which originated from Yu, was entitled "Xia Hou"; its king was hence called "Xia Hou Di" (Emperor of Xia Hou), e.g."Xia Hou Di Qi". The Xia people, together with the Yin (Shang) people, and the Zhou people, were the so-called "people of San Dai" (Three Dynasties). As mentioned in "Lunyu, Bayi", they founded the states, with the Xia people being associated with the pine, the Yin people with the cypress, and the Zhou people with the chestnut.

The Twelve Chinese Zodiac Scripts of Ancient Luo Yue Stone Inscriptions and the Oracle Bone:A Comparative Study

The 12 animal calendars of the Chinese zodiac are the essence and source of Chinese civilization,and have been deeply rooted in the production,life,and social activities of various ethnic groups in China since ancient times.The ancient Luo Yue stone inscription1 is a popular ancient script from four to six thousand years ago,and 17,496 characters have been found,which is the earliest script found on the Chinese land so far.A comparative study of Chinese zodiac characters2 between the ancient Luo Yue stone inscriptions and the oracle bone through paleographic conformation reveals that the two characters have the same and similar characteristics.Therefore,this paper intends to further investigate the kinship between the two,and to conduct a preliminary exploration of the origin,development,and evolution of the zodiac by combining recent human archaeological data,emerging molecular anthropological data,historical literature,and data from the Chinese Civilization Exploration Project,in an attempt to show the integration and dependence of Chinese civilization,the pluralistic pattern of Chinese culture,and the Chinese nation for thousands of years.

Heritage of Arabic Language in South Caucasus： Arabic Inscriptions From Trialeti

In this article the author would like to discuss the usage of Arabic language in South Georgia as language of religious and ethnical minority in circumstances of Russian rule. The best examples of this are Arabic inscriptions on gravestones. In this article the author describes several inscriptions from Trialeri, South Georgia, which, because of unknown reasons, have never been studied by scientists before. Another important reason why the author has paid importance to those inscriptions is their recent condition and danger to lose them forever. The author has studied inscriptions from three main cemeteries： Beshtasheni, Tikma-Dash, and Minayasar. As a result of his research the author can say that Arabic language have been used by Muslims of Turk origins in Trialeti till Soviet time. They were using this language to preserve their identity, but it used to work only about a century. Soviet rule tried to destroy all identities and religions and especially after WWII they have reached more or less success. Today the Muslim population of Trialtei does not understand Arabic, they just know that their religion is Islam and in the graves with Arabic inscriptions lay their predecessors.

INSCRIPTION BY MR. WAN XUEYUAN, GOVERNOR OF ZHEJIANG

We are very glad to welcome honored guests from afar, and with them we makefriends in a bid to expand the magnitude of opening-up toward the prosperity ofZhejiang-Wan Xueyuan, January 1995.

所谓班固撰《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》再认识

中古以降,所谓班固撰《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》流传甚广,见于多种史注、地志、类书、政书等。宋人编《古文苑》收录了包括《十八侯铭》在内的完整铭文。从结构与内容看,这是一篇由“序文”和“正文”构成且旨在“叙将十八,赞述股肱”的东汉作品。表面上对应高祖功臣“十八侯”,真正的话语模板却是东汉“中兴二十八将”,是明帝永平年间确立这一新制后的产物。这一作品对应一尊立于沛县泗水亭高祖庙前的巨大石碑,并非东汉前期班固奉章帝之命撰作,或与丰县的“高祖感应碑”一样,同为桓帝延熹十年丰令刘亹所立。碑文传为班固作品乃至收入文集,与南朝后期“汉书学”的发达有关。

青铜器铭文所见“自我书写”现象论析——兼谈“对扬”“埶”“施”等词之义

“自我书写”是指文本对自身及其创作过程进行叙述的现象,在铭文中可分为“自我指称”与“自书作铭”两类。通过铭文“自我指称”之例,可知当时观念中存在三种不同的“铭”,分别指向全篇铭文、祈祝单元、部分警句。通过“自书作铭”之例,可见时人对铭文功能的认知,并可辨析与作铭相关的一系列词语,有“对”“”“由”“扬”“光”“埶(设)”“施”等,而常见的“对扬”一语亦是制作铭文以显扬功勋之意,并非对答、称扬等礼仪动作。青铜器铭文中的“自我书写”对研究铭文观念、叙事手段的发展以及后世铭体的演化有重要价值。

陇南诗碑题壁诗与陇蜀“诗教”类文献的流传

散见于陇南各地诗碑与题壁中的诗作,数量较多,诸体兼备,作者属于官员、本地乡贤或游陇者群体。就其题材内容而言,除游宴抒怀、题咏陇南人文景观的篇什外,颂扬历代先贤乡哲、教化人心是其重要的方面。这些作品绝大多数不见于史传,但体现了陇蜀地域“诗教”类文献流传的重要文学文化价值,在赓续地方文脉、承载诗教化育、补史存诗文献、资于地方文旅等方面价值突出。对继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化,坚定历史自信、文化自信具有重要现实意义。

祼攸比鼎释文辨补两例

祼攸比鼎铭文记载了西周时期的一件土地官司,具有很高的历史、经济和学术价值。对该器的研究已取得了丰硕成果,但一些铭文释读仍有不同意见。基于前人成果,依据铭文合文系统条例、同组器关系和誓约语言特征,本文认为纪年时间应释为“卅又一年”。“敢弗俱付祼比其且射分田邑则杀”是三段式誓约体现:敢弗俱付祼比(誓约)—其且射(阻谢)分田邑(违约)—则杀(惩处),其中“阻”“谢”二字同义连文,为“拒绝”之意。

从“作册”到“内史”--中国上古史官体制的前缘和演化

中国上古史官职能的演变,与“作册”之关系甚大,据日本学者白川静考证,“册”,最初是养护祭祀牺牲之畜的牢圈栅栏,随后将这种养护状况向君主汇报和向神灵祝告的簿书也称为“册”。“作册”官职,源于养护牺牲兽类的人员,他们需要撰写相应的文书。殷商作册的职能不断扩大,但凡祝词、檄文、册命、封赏文件,无不承担,成为商代要职。西周灭商,将作册以原职录用,而新设“内史”掺入其职能,意欲最终替代。西周晚期,作册逐渐淡出职官设置,内史垄断宫廷文字事务,随着“共和行政”时期史学的产生,内史加之大史,承当了按时间顺序记述时事的职责,这就是作为历史记载之史官的萌生。

从口头言辞到书面载录:甲骨卜辞的记言机制

记言是先秦散文的主要书写方式,《国语》《左传》《战国策》均有精彩的记言部分。先秦散文记言的成功并非凭空而来,记言的源头在哪,以何种形式存在?它的动机是什么?从文学史的角度,以上问题值得厘清。甲骨卜辞是目前我国最早的成体系文献,具有典型的记言性质。为此,文中将从记言的类型、技巧、动机三方面梳理卜辞的记言机制,探寻散文记言的重要源头,揭示卜辞记言在中国散文书写中的价值。

“卞”字构形补议

“卞”“弁”均是晚出的字形。有学者将“卞”字的形体与战国楚文字中出现的“鞭”之古文“■”一类形体相联系,认为“卞”由这类字形的分化省简而来,也有学者认为“卞”为“弁”之俗体或省文。文章通过梳理相关字形,认为“卞”形出现于东汉前后,楚简中的“■”类字形与后世“卞”的字形并无关联,只是偶然造成的局部同形而已。而“弁”形的出现则要晚至约后赵时期,是隶书楷化的结果。隶、楷书中的“卞”与“弁”字,应均由早期隶书中的“■”形分化演变而来。