Advance care planning is a process of discussion in which patients can communicate their end-of-life care preferences to family members and health care providers for consideration.Readiness for advance care planning i...Advance care planning is a process of discussion in which patients can communicate their end-of-life care preferences to family members and health care providers for consideration.Readiness for advance care planning is a patient's preparedness to engage in advance care planning.This review aims to develop the conceptual framework for advance care planning readiness for Chinese older people.The current knowledge from the published studies was identified and synthesized by an integrative review.The conceptual framework was developed based on the social-ecological model and the theory of planned behavior.The factors from the social environment/community,health care professionals,and individual/family layers were defined.These factors may influence an individual's medical decision-making,which in turn triggers individual behavioral mechanisms that arise from interactions between motivations,attitudes,and beliefs.Relevant factors should be considered when assessing the behavior of personnel engaged in advance care planning or formulating appropriate intervention measures to improve advance care planning par ticipation in China.This framework can be used to guide studies that explore how the social/familial/individual factors predict the readiness for advance care planning among Chinese older people,and to design intervention studies to test the effect of family function on the readiness for advance care planning.展开更多
运用文献资料调研、比较分析法对美国Healthy People 2020身体活动领域内容变化进行了梳理,并与我国《全民健身计划(2011—2015)》进行了对比。研究认为,Healthy People 2020身体活动领域对其所包含的模块划分和内容陈述细致、明确。在...运用文献资料调研、比较分析法对美国Healthy People 2020身体活动领域内容变化进行了梳理,并与我国《全民健身计划(2011—2015)》进行了对比。研究认为,Healthy People 2020身体活动领域对其所包含的模块划分和内容陈述细致、明确。在内容上强调增加肌肉力量活动和提供身体活动环境的可及性等;指标总数增加了一倍,达36项,在指标确定上更细化、更具体,可操作性强;并对影响人们参与身体活动的因素进行了区分和归类等。而我国《全民健身计划(2011—2015)》存在着对民众参与健身活动的要求强调不够充分;没有对参加健身活动的益处或不参与健身活动或身体活动不足的弊端进行详细表述;对影响健身活动的因素没有具体的系统分类等不足。对我国全民健身活动未来规划提出了诸如基于指导实践的指标的可操作性和实用性等建议。展开更多
In lower middle-income countries like Ghana, it is common to find low contraceptive use among adolescents with corresponding high pregnancy outcomes. Evidence points to the fact that the use of contraceptives prevents...In lower middle-income countries like Ghana, it is common to find low contraceptive use among adolescents with corresponding high pregnancy outcomes. Evidence points to the fact that the use of contraceptives prevents maternal, neonatal and infant deaths, but in most lower middle-income countries, socio-cultural practices inhibit adolescents’ use. Ensuring the uptake of family planning among adolescents is deemed a necessary means of reducing maternal, neonatal and infant mor-tality. This manuscript seeks to provide contextually relevant approaches to satisfying family planning needs of adolescents in a population lacking it. We employed a qualitative study design from an interpretive paradigm with phenomenology as the methodology to understand societal attitudes towards family planning delivery to adolescents, so as to arrive at contextually appro-priate ways of providing family planning to this needy group. Focused group discussions and in-depth interviews techniques were used in data collection among adolescents, relevant commu-nity opinion leaders and family planning & health services providers. Themes that emerged from data analysis with respect to “perspectives on family planning care delivery to adolescents” and “best ways in addressing adolescents’ family planning needs” are presented, followed by discussion of the issues emerging. A significant and encouraging finding of the study was that opinion leaders and healthcare providers viewed family planning as a means of protecting adolescents against pregnancies and their complications. A key recommendation is for policy makers and political leaders to enact legislations that enable adolescents to have friendly family planning service delivery in all places and at all times.展开更多
A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Fo...A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Four Plans ＂, and the planning process and systems for implementing the top-level design of smart cities. This article discusses, from the perspective of a city, how to optimize resource allocation, coordinate the development of urban economy, society, resources, environment, and people＇s livelihood, and map out the blueprints for healthy and sustainable development of a smart city.展开更多
目的系统评价养老机构老年人及家属参与预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)的质性研究。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、维普等数据库中养老机构老年人及...目的系统评价养老机构老年人及家属参与预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)的质性研究。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、维普等数据库中养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2024年3月,采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,采用汇集性整合法进行结果整合。结果共纳入9篇文献,提炼24个研究结果,归纳为8个新类别,综合出4个整合结果:养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP态度不一致、养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP的益处、养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP的障碍、养老机构老年人及家属对ACP的实施建议。结论养老机构应组建ACP跨专业协作团队,强化信息支持,改变老年人及家属的负面态度,定期召开家庭会议,减轻家属决策负担。展开更多
目的:探索健步对BMI、心率、收缩压、舒张压、体脂率5个指标的影响作用,根据文献推荐的健步量,结合健身指南制订适宜工作人群的科学健步方案。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed和Web of science数据库中健步强度对工作人群健康指标影响...目的:探索健步对BMI、心率、收缩压、舒张压、体脂率5个指标的影响作用,根据文献推荐的健步量,结合健身指南制订适宜工作人群的科学健步方案。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed和Web of science数据库中健步强度对工作人群健康指标影响的相关文献,对纳入文献进行方法学质量评估后,采用Revman5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:Meta分析显示,健步可降低工作人群的BMI(SMD=-0.18,95%CI[-0.35,-0.02])、心率(SMD=-1.65,95%CI[-3.36, 0.06])、收缩压(SMD=-4.29,95%CI[-5.66,-2.93])、舒张压(SMD=-2.11,95%CI[-3.12,-1.10])和体脂率(SMD=-0.44.95%CI[-1.14,-0.25]),在降低心率方面还需更多实验周期较长、同质性更好的研究提供更强的佐证。在健步方案的推荐上,各文献普遍推荐的健步阈值为10 000步/天或60min,但未设定健步强度。结论:健步有利于调降工作人群的BMI、心率、收缩压、舒张压和体脂率,结合相关健身指南制订适宜工作人群的长期健步方案为:第1周进行3次20min慢走(3.5km/h),第2周进行3次40min慢走、2次40min快走(4.5km/h),后续保持每周6次60min的健步强度,以改善工作人群健康,为科学健步提供社会指引。展开更多
文摘Advance care planning is a process of discussion in which patients can communicate their end-of-life care preferences to family members and health care providers for consideration.Readiness for advance care planning is a patient's preparedness to engage in advance care planning.This review aims to develop the conceptual framework for advance care planning readiness for Chinese older people.The current knowledge from the published studies was identified and synthesized by an integrative review.The conceptual framework was developed based on the social-ecological model and the theory of planned behavior.The factors from the social environment/community,health care professionals,and individual/family layers were defined.These factors may influence an individual's medical decision-making,which in turn triggers individual behavioral mechanisms that arise from interactions between motivations,attitudes,and beliefs.Relevant factors should be considered when assessing the behavior of personnel engaged in advance care planning or formulating appropriate intervention measures to improve advance care planning par ticipation in China.This framework can be used to guide studies that explore how the social/familial/individual factors predict the readiness for advance care planning among Chinese older people,and to design intervention studies to test the effect of family function on the readiness for advance care planning.
文摘运用文献资料调研、比较分析法对美国Healthy People 2020身体活动领域内容变化进行了梳理,并与我国《全民健身计划(2011—2015)》进行了对比。研究认为,Healthy People 2020身体活动领域对其所包含的模块划分和内容陈述细致、明确。在内容上强调增加肌肉力量活动和提供身体活动环境的可及性等;指标总数增加了一倍,达36项,在指标确定上更细化、更具体,可操作性强;并对影响人们参与身体活动的因素进行了区分和归类等。而我国《全民健身计划(2011—2015)》存在着对民众参与健身活动的要求强调不够充分;没有对参加健身活动的益处或不参与健身活动或身体活动不足的弊端进行详细表述;对影响健身活动的因素没有具体的系统分类等不足。对我国全民健身活动未来规划提出了诸如基于指导实践的指标的可操作性和实用性等建议。
文摘In lower middle-income countries like Ghana, it is common to find low contraceptive use among adolescents with corresponding high pregnancy outcomes. Evidence points to the fact that the use of contraceptives prevents maternal, neonatal and infant deaths, but in most lower middle-income countries, socio-cultural practices inhibit adolescents’ use. Ensuring the uptake of family planning among adolescents is deemed a necessary means of reducing maternal, neonatal and infant mor-tality. This manuscript seeks to provide contextually relevant approaches to satisfying family planning needs of adolescents in a population lacking it. We employed a qualitative study design from an interpretive paradigm with phenomenology as the methodology to understand societal attitudes towards family planning delivery to adolescents, so as to arrive at contextually appro-priate ways of providing family planning to this needy group. Focused group discussions and in-depth interviews techniques were used in data collection among adolescents, relevant commu-nity opinion leaders and family planning & health services providers. Themes that emerged from data analysis with respect to “perspectives on family planning care delivery to adolescents” and “best ways in addressing adolescents’ family planning needs” are presented, followed by discussion of the issues emerging. A significant and encouraging finding of the study was that opinion leaders and healthcare providers viewed family planning as a means of protecting adolescents against pregnancies and their complications. A key recommendation is for policy makers and political leaders to enact legislations that enable adolescents to have friendly family planning service delivery in all places and at all times.
文摘A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Four Plans ＂, and the planning process and systems for implementing the top-level design of smart cities. This article discusses, from the perspective of a city, how to optimize resource allocation, coordinate the development of urban economy, society, resources, environment, and people＇s livelihood, and map out the blueprints for healthy and sustainable development of a smart city.
文摘目的系统评价养老机构老年人及家属参与预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)的质性研究。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、维普等数据库中养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2024年3月,采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,采用汇集性整合法进行结果整合。结果共纳入9篇文献,提炼24个研究结果,归纳为8个新类别,综合出4个整合结果:养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP态度不一致、养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP的益处、养老机构老年人及家属参与ACP的障碍、养老机构老年人及家属对ACP的实施建议。结论养老机构应组建ACP跨专业协作团队,强化信息支持,改变老年人及家属的负面态度,定期召开家庭会议,减轻家属决策负担。
文摘目的:探索健步对BMI、心率、收缩压、舒张压、体脂率5个指标的影响作用,根据文献推荐的健步量,结合健身指南制订适宜工作人群的科学健步方案。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed和Web of science数据库中健步强度对工作人群健康指标影响的相关文献,对纳入文献进行方法学质量评估后,采用Revman5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:Meta分析显示,健步可降低工作人群的BMI(SMD=-0.18,95%CI[-0.35,-0.02])、心率(SMD=-1.65,95%CI[-3.36, 0.06])、收缩压(SMD=-4.29,95%CI[-5.66,-2.93])、舒张压(SMD=-2.11,95%CI[-3.12,-1.10])和体脂率(SMD=-0.44.95%CI[-1.14,-0.25]),在降低心率方面还需更多实验周期较长、同质性更好的研究提供更强的佐证。在健步方案的推荐上,各文献普遍推荐的健步阈值为10 000步/天或60min,但未设定健步强度。结论:健步有利于调降工作人群的BMI、心率、收缩压、舒张压和体脂率,结合相关健身指南制订适宜工作人群的长期健步方案为:第1周进行3次20min慢走(3.5km/h),第2周进行3次40min慢走、2次40min快走(4.5km/h),后续保持每周6次60min的健步强度,以改善工作人群健康,为科学健步提供社会指引。
