On the Roles of Cultural and Artistic Features of Dialects in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

As a Chinese dialect that bears the greatest resemblance to Standard Mandarin,Northeastern Mandarin is the closest relative of Standard Mandarin in terms of vocabularies,rhetorical devices and grammatical rules.The traditional Chinese folk culture of Errenzhuan(two-people rotation)1 is an epitome of traditional Chinese culture,full of humor and wittiness.This paper aims to explore the necessity and feasibility of incorporating Errenzhuan into teaching Chinese as a foreign language as a way to spark greater student interest,increase the fun of learning and enrich teaching methods,which ultimately serves to improve the quality of Chinese teaching worldwide,spread traditional Chinese folk culture and strengthen China’s cultural confidence.

Language Attitudes among International Students and Instructors toward Standard Languages and Dialects in the ESL Language School

In the field of sociolinguistics,language attitude is an important content which reflects the conception and perception of language by speakers.The paper tries to explore different language attitudes towards standard language and dialect among international students and English instructors in the ESL language school.Participants were all interviewed by means of conversation recordings in the ESL language school.The results indicated that the majority of the ESL language school speakers kept a positive attitude towards their standard languages and dialects.The educational methods of parents had an influence on the choice of standard language and dialect towards speakers,and participants also expressed a strong social identity when they talked about their languages.Those findings illustrate the significance of the study of language attitudes in the ESL language school center.

Language and dialect

本文从多个方面论述了语言与方言之间的关系 :两者之间既有区别又有联系。方言虽然是语言的附属变体 ,在使用范围和影响力方面弱于语言 ,但反过来方言又在地域、时间、社会。

Looking at the Effects of Language Contact With Hakka as Reflected by the Characteristics of the Pingshan Zhanmi Dialect

The special Economic Zone of Shenzhen has been endowed with plentiful of language resources. Apart from various Yue dialects in the west and Hakka dialect in the east, there are also many indigenous Chinese dialects such as the Dapeng dialect (大鹏话), the Danjia dialect (疍家话) and also the Zhanmi dialect (占米话). The last one is not ever reported. Out of curiosity, we went to investigate the dialect which is spoken in isolate patches in the easternmost townships of Pingshan (坪山), Kengzi (坑梓) and Pingdi (坪地). The Pingshan Zhanmi dialect (PZD)seems to be an intermediate between Yue and Hakka dialects. According to our observation, PZD is quite similar to the Dongguan-Baoan Yue dialects (DBYD, 莞宝片粤语) in the western part of the city and has obvious correspondence with them, such as having the onset [m] in the Middle Chinese (MC) Wei (微) characters, little literal/colloquial discrepancies in the Fei Group (非组), [a/?] contrast, literal/colloquial readings in the Geng rime group all with [?/k] as codas, etc. However, because of long term contact with the surrounding Hakka dialects, PZD has also a lot of characteristics of Hakka, such as aspirated readings in all MC voiced stops and affricates onsetsafter devoicing, lack of rounded frontal vowels, no Ying-yang contrast in the Shang tone. More influences of Hakka can be found in the vocabulary, which PZD has been borrowing for centuries.

Language Attitude and Language Degeneration:An Empirical Study Based on the Pearl River Delta of China

This paper conducts a tracking investigation of the dialect speakers in Cantonese,and addresses the impact of language attitude on language degeneration by using OLS models.Results reveal that the stronger the language identity,the less obvious the language degeneration.It’s necessary to maintain the harmonious coexistence of dialects and Mandarin.

The Study on Language Attitudes towards the Protection of Dialects

Researchers attaching great emphasis on language attitudes in sociolinguistic all over the world hold the views that an individual’s or a community’s attitudes toward their own language or other languages will affect how they learn and use a language and lead to a language’s further development or extinction. The research will be conducted on the relationship between people’s language attitude （LA） and the protection of dialects in China, where a great variety of dialects and Standard Chinese （SC） used by the speakers from 56 minorities co-exist and implement each other.With Standard Chinese promoted for 60 years, migration led by the development of social economy after the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, urbanization further promoted since 21st century, the status of Standard Chinese is rising while that of dialects is on the decline, and to some extent regional dialects in some ethnic minorities are dying out, resulting in the disappearance of their unique cultures and cultural forms, such as operas.Based on a review of previous studies on LA, the research will be conducted with questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire will suggest speakers’ conscious, overt attitude towards SC and dialects, the frequency they use SC and dialects, the situation in which they use SC and dialects and so on. Interview conducted indicates the interviewees’ unconsciousness and covert attitudes towards SC and dialects.The questionnaire and interviews conducted, three findings are obtained. First of all, parents’ LA plays a significant part in their children’s language learning or language use, further resulting into the decreasing number of dialect users in China. The second, the promotion of SC in schools varying from kindergartens to universities facilitates the widespread use of SC and extinction of dialects in that kids start to learn and use SC from so early ages that they have fewer chances of picking up a single dialect and the kids’ using SC offers their parents more opportunities to use SC in their daily family communication. The third, different attitudes towards SC users and dialect users from a community have great impacts on what language they will choose to communicate. Although SC plays a significant role in China’s economic development and urbanization, dialects are heritage of regional cultures; therefore, with the promotion of SC, dialects must be sustained and further developed.

A Study on the Differences of Intergenerational Language Attitude of Lichuan Dialect in China

Research on the changes of Lichuan dialect mostly focuses on microlinguistics such as specific vocabulary,syntactic or semantic research,less on the language use and language attitude in sociolinguistics.Therefore,This study mainly discusses the differences of intergenerational language attitude of Lichuan dialect and the reasons so as to protect traditional dialects in China.11 participants were interviewed.The results reveals the reasons:(1)internal reasons of personal dialect attitudes including cultural confidence,social identity,dialect inheritance;(2)language attitudelanguage contact such as educational background,rural-urban migration,study and work with people from different cities and media development.

The Deterioration of the English Language

The English language has been deteriorating because of the modern e-mail and chat room language abbreviations,in corporation of different dialects depending on culture,and the inappropriate use of words as well as incorrect spelling.If we want to keep English language from deterioration,we should take advantage of the advances in technology and to learn about other cultures dialects,but we should keep the proper written and spoken English in mind.

Study on the Status Quo of Yichang Dialect-A Case study in Xiling District

Dialect is threatened by the increasing language contact. In Yichang, seldom young students speak its dialect. In this preliminary research, the author tries to clarify the actual language use and language attitude in the community of family by the means of interviewing the parents living in Xiling district, both of whom could speak the dialect. It is found that the profession,education background of parents would influence their language attitude and actual choice of language to their children. The result shows that there exists significant disparity between the parents' language attitudes and the actual communication with their children. Reasons of such disparity and the public prediction of the tendency of Yichang dialect and provided. In the end, suggestions towards language policy are presented.

Research on Tibetan Speech Recognition Based on the Am-do Dialect

In China,Tibetan is usually divided into three major dialects:the Am-do,Khams and Lhasa dialects.The Am-do dialect evolved from ancient Tibetan and is a local variant of modern Tibetan.Although this dialect has its own specific historical and social conditions and development,there have been different degrees of communication with other ethnic groups,but all the abovementioned dialects developed from the same language:Tibetan.This paper uses the particularity of Tibetan suffixes in pronunciation and proposes a lexicon for the Am-do language,which optimizes the problems existing in previous research.Audio data of the Am-do dialect are expanded by data augmentation technology combining noise and reverberation,and the morphological characteristics and characteristics of the Tibetan language are further considered.According to the particularity of Tibetan grammar,grammatical features are used to optimize grammatical relationships and are combined with a language model,and the Am-do dialect is scored and rescored.Experimental results show that compared with the baseline,our proposed new lexicon and data augmentation technology yields a relative increase of approximately 3%in character error rates(CERs)and a relative increase of 3%-19%in the recognition rate of acoustic models and language models.

Igbo Language and Identity

This paper sought to identify the position of Igbo language in relation to its identity both in Nigeria and world wide Specifically, it expounded the problems hindering the study of Igbo language. A study of Igbo language and identity is pertinent because language and culture are attached to man＇s identity and human interaction Unfortunately, most of the Igbos do not want to be identified with this language called Igbo. The paper reviewed available literature on Igbo language and highlighted some strategies for increasing the interest of people in learning Igbo language. It was discovered from the study that pedagogical problems, tone problems, orthography and diacritic problems, are some of the issues that inhibit the repositioning of Igbo language as lgbo man＇s identity In view of this, it was recommended among others that Igbo linguist should try and document all the slight phonological and word differences existing in the dialects and absorb them in central Igbo

The Influence of Mandarin and WMD over English Pronunciation

Applied Linguistics requests to research the foreign language teaching by using contrastive and error analysis (Zhang, 2001, p.13). English voice system includes 46 vowels and consonants phonemes. During the study process, accents are mainly caused by students who view the target language phoneme system and mother tongue phoneme tongue system equally, so it is necessary for us to tell the target language from mother tongue in systems, so that students can be preaware of their own mistakes in pronunciation (Zhang, 2001, p.16). When the practical problems encountered, students can find the reasons and resolve them faster and better, under the guidance of a good teacher.

Language Variety in England

This article is about the way people who are from England speak their native language, and it is about the variety in the way they speak English.

A General Analysis on the Negative Transfer of Shaanxi Dialects to English Pronunciation

In view of the theories of psycholinguistics and second language acquisition, the more firmly consolidated the basis of a first language becomes, the greater resistance and prejudices deriving from the framework of his original language will be. By analyzing the students' English articulator problems shows that Shaanxi dialects have negative influence on their English pronunciation. To solve this problem, we must distinguish their phonetic difference between these two languages and reduce the negative transfer of dialect pronunciation.

Language Cognition and Identity of Beijing and Shanghai

Dialect is important in our live,we can find our culture and identity through it.As the economic center of China,Shanghai enjoys high prosperity and rich culture,people in Shanghai have different attitude towards dialect compare with people in Beijing.This thesis goes to analysis the reason behind this interesting phenomenon.

改进YOLOv7-tiny的手语识别算法研究

在与听障人士进行交流时,常常会面临交流不便的困难,文中提出一种手语识别的改进模型来解决这个困难。该模型基于YOLOv7-tiny网络模型,并对其进行了多项改进,旨在提高模型的精度和速度。首先,通过对CBAM注意力机制的通道域进行改进,解决了因降维而造成的通道信息缺失问题,并将改进后的CBAM加入到YOLOv7-tiny的Neck层中,从而使模型更加精准地定位和识别到关键的目标;其次,将传统的CIoU边界框损失函数替换为SIoU边界框损失函数,以加速边界框回归的同时提高定位准确度;此外,为了减少计算量并加快检测速度,还将颈部层中的普通卷积模块替换为Ghost卷积模块。经过实验测试,改进后网络模型的平均精度均值(mAP)、精准率和召回率分别提升了5.31%、6.53%、2.73%,有效地提高了手语识别网络的检测精确度。

江西赣方言地理信息系统构建与应用

语言资源的保护开发已上升为国家战略,为满足国家和地方对方言保护的迫切需求,亟须采用信息技术保护和传承方言。针对现有的方言地理信息系统在音像图文一体化管理、语情监测和自动化制图等方面存在的不足,该文构建了首个江西赣方言地理信息系统,从系统架构、系统功能、系统数据库等方面进行系统设计,使用GIS二次开发组件ArcGIS Engine和插件式开发方法构建系统,主要实现了多模态方言数据集成管理、方言资源统计、方言查询与定位、语情监测、方言特征自定义分类、方言特征制图、地理特征分析等特色功能,有助于江西方言的研究、保护与开发,同时对其他区域方言地理信息系统建设具有参考价值。

罗城仫佬语、土拐话kh■η^(1)的多功能性及其演变

广西罗城仫佬语、土拐话共享一个多功能语素kh■η^(1),其词汇来源是汉语的“空”。kh■η^(1)不仅存在于罗城仫佬语和土拐话当中,也广泛存在于广西境内的民族语言以及毗邻的越芒语族语言当中。本文详细刻画罗城仫佬语和土拐话kh■η^(1)的各种虚化功能,在此基础上构拟仫佬语kh■η^(1)的两条演变路径,即(一)平行于汉语“否则”类连词的演变路径:kh■η^(1)_(否定)>kh■η^(1)_(否定假设)>kh■η^(1)_(选择)>kh■η^(1)_(建议、请求),kh■η^(1)_(否定假设)>kh■η^(1)_(醒悟);(二)kh■η^(1)_(否定)>kh■η^(1)_(语气词)。土拐话kh■η^(1)的连词用法是复制仫佬语kh■η^(1)的连词功能而来的。

现代启蒙与方言保护——当代乡土小说中的推广普通话经验及其启示

当代乡土小说暗含了推广普通话的“中国经验”。新中国成立后,作为国家文化能力构建和文化领导权掌控的重要方式,推广普通话活动在乡村广泛开展,导致方言俚语式微,部分农民遭遇“失语困境”。在推进“现代化”的同时,国家利用推广普通话改造、收编数以亿计的农民,完成更高层次的、整体的“现代启蒙”和“情感动员”。但随着社会经济的发展和文化主体意识的觉醒,方言呈复苏回归迹象,国家从语言规划的角度主导方言保护,开展整体性、科学的语言规划,进而实现语言的和谐共生、美美与共。

融合词汇边界信息的合同实体识别方法

针对合同中实体表达形式复杂多变、识别粒度细的特点,及合同文本中实体较长问题,提出一种融合词汇边界信息的合同实体识别方法。利用预训练语言模型动态生成语义向量作为模型输入;运用相对位置编码对Transformer结构进行改进,使其在编码过程中融合词汇信息,进一步丰富语义特征;通过条件随机场(CRF)结构进行解码,得到输入序列的标签预测。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效确定合同文本中的实体边界,具有良好的泛化性能。