Perception-Based Assessment of the Factors Causing Delays in Construction Projects

Construction delay is a widespread issue in the construction industry of developing countries, and Nepal is no exception. These delays extend project durations and lead to cost overruns and disputes among stakeholders. To address this problem, this study aimed to identify and analyze the significant factors that contribute to construction project delays in Nepal. To gather data, a well-structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 100 participants, including contractors, consultants, and civil engineers. Various statistical tests were conducted to ensure the data’s integrity and consistency, such as reliability assessments and factor analyses. The findings of the study highlighted multiple factors contributing to delays in construction projects such as inadequate design, poor communication, and coordination among stakeholders, insufficient experience and planning by contractors, delays in material delivery and testing, labor-related problems including shortages and low qualifications, and external factors like regulatory changes and unforeseen circumstances. By identifying these major causes of construction project delays, this study presented insightful information that can contribute to the analysis and evaluation of project performance.

A STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION OF GROUNDWATERPOLLUTANTS AND CAUSES OF FORMATION IN MANZHOULI

Studying the evolution of groundwater pollutants and the causes of formation in Manzhouli is important and necessi- tous as the present water source of the production and living in Manzhouli is just groundwater and the water crisis is staring Manzhouli people in the face. The evolution of pollutants in groundwater in Manzhouli was derived based on the continuously monitoring between 1989 and 1999. In total, the quality of groundwater in Manzhouli is good except that the content of F is exceeding the standard. The quality of groundwater varies seasonally. The content of pollutants in high water is higher than in the low water except pH and As. The yearly evolution shows the regime like the damp surge. The evolution of pH is inverse to NO3-N and F after 1999. The courses of formation of the evolution of the content of the pollutants in groundwater in Manzhouli are the supply of runoff, the feature of rock, the time the water being stayed in the layers and the chemical field. Being affected by the supply of ground surface and hydrogeology condition, the contents of pollutant are higher in the May than in September and the yearly evolution is undulance. In total, the pollutants in the deeper layers are less than in the upper layers. Explosion water in the deeper layers, using the techniques of cutting F and minifying the pollutants caused by human being are the sound countermeasures in Manzhouli.

Preliminary Research on the Characteristics and Causes of Formation of Seiches in the Bays

The Haizhou and Daya bays are chosen as basins for seiche research in this paper. By reducing the astronomical tide, we obtain residuals which include seiches from the original observed tide curve of two representative gauges of the Haizhou and Daya bays, with a time resolution of 1min. We have further made a statistical analysis of the characteristics of the seasonal distribution of seiches and by making a comparative analysis of the seiches and the corresponding weather system, studied the origin of seiches. The research findings are of important reference value for the ocean engineering design and the storm surge forecast.

Research on the Causes and Coping Strategies of the Land Subsidence Caused by the Tunnel Construction Projects

In this paper, we conduct research on the causes and coping strategies of the land subsidence caused by the tunnel construction projects. We analyze the issues from the following of the perspectives. （1） Analysis method. To solve large scale system of the development of computer hardware and the numerical calculation method, we use the basic analysis to deal with it. （2） The empirical of methods. Ground motion is usually leads to the basic development of the inclined tunnel surface vertical displacement, the result of the movement process can turn to a settling tank. （3） Machine learning based approaches. In one of biggest difficulties when using neural network method is to obtain all possible parameters related to ground subsidence, we use the machine learning model to handle the challenge. In the final part, we show prospect for the future research, we will combine more numerical analysis tools to optimize the current methodology.

Lunar In Situ Large-Scale Construction:Quantitative Evaluation of Regolith Solidification Techniques

Lunar habitat construction is crucial for successful lunar exploration missions.Due to the limitations of transportation conditions,extensive global research has been conducted on lunar in situ material processing techniques in recent years.The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review,precise classification,and quantitative evaluation of these approaches,focusing specifically on four main approaches:reaction solidification(RS),sintering/melting(SM),bonding solidification(BS),and confinement formation(CF).Eight key indicators have been identified for the construction of low-cost and highperformance systems to assess the feasibility of these methods:in situ material ratio,curing temperature,curing time,implementation conditions,compressive strength,tensile strength,curing dimensions,and environmental adaptability.The scoring thresholds are determined by comparing the construction requirements with the actual capabilities.Among the evaluated methods,regolith bagging has emerged as a promising option due to its high in situ material ratio,low time requirement,lack of hightemperature requirements,and minimal shortcomings,with only the compressive strength falling below the neutral score.The compressive strength still maintains a value of 2–3 MPa.The proposed construction scheme utilizing regolith bags offers numerous advantages,including rapid and large-scale construction,ensured tensile strength,and reduced reliance on equipment and energy.In this study,guidelines for evaluating regolith solidification techniques are provided,and directions for improvement are offered.The proposed lunar habitat design based on regolith bags is a practical reference for future research.

On Language Variety and the Causes of Formation Between Males and Females

本文通过大量实例列举了男女两性在语音、语调、词汇、语法及称谓等诸方面所存在的语言变异和多样性 ,分别从社会。

The configuration mechanism of English and Chinese double-object construction for verbs of creation

Verbs of creation in English and Chinese demonstrate asymmetries in its projection to double-object construction. But underling the projection process there is a uniform operation mechanism, namely that the configuration is affected by the interaction between the Meaning Assignment Principle （MAP）, the Distance Principle of Iconicity （DPI） and the Lexical Feature Constraints （LFC）, among which MAP and DPI are inviolable due to its cross-linguistic universality. Once LFC is violated, there must be compensation on the part of DPI, otherwise, the verb of creation in question would be unacceptable to double-object construction.

Unit Construction in the Formation of Metal Clusters──Investigation on the Metal Cluster CompoundsContaining Fe_2S_2(CO)_6-units

The syntheses and structures of trinuclear Mo (W)-Fe-S cluster[MFe2S2(CO)8 (S,CNSEt2)]- (M=Mo, W), hexanuclear Fe-S cluster [Fe6S6-(CO)12]2- and undecanuclear Cu-Fe-S cluster [Cu5Fe6S6(CO)18(PPh3)2]-, containingFe2S2(CO)6-units bave been summarized and the important vestiges left in their struc-tures reflecting the formation processes of the clusters have been found and discussed.Further inspecting some other typical clusters a regular unit construction in the forma-tion of the metal cluster compounds containing Fe2S2(CO)6-units has been figured outand applied to speculate and predict several new cluster compounds containing Fe2S2(CO)6-units.

Causes and typical control model of wind-drift sandy lands in abandoned channel of the Yellow River

The historical formation and development of the abandoned channel of the Yellow River is reviewed and its causes of formation and present condition of prevention and control are analyzed in this paper. Based on this analysis, some ideas about control, critical problems and countermeasures in the next period are proposed with two typical control models as examples. We suggest that in preventing and controlling the wind-drift sandy lands in the region, the emphasis should be to develop, with a greatly expanded effort, a recycling economy. This should realize a combination of two ideas, i.e. integrate combating desertification with a structural adjustment of agricultural and an increase in the income of farmers.

Formation of Baiyun Karst Cave Landscapes in the Kongshan Mountain of Lincheng County, Hebei Province

Baiyun Cave in the Kongshan Mountain is a cave which developed mostly in thick-layer oolitic limestone of the Middle Cambrain Zhangxia Formation in the Quaternary period.The spatial distribution of the karst cave was cotrolled by the NNW,NE and near-EW faults.The karst cave system consists of three layers,includes mainly hall type and corridor type,within which there are diversified sedimentary landscapes and corrosion landscapes,especially"Reticular helictite","Jade-hairpin pointing at bottle","Yin and yang jade columns"and many other special landscapes can hardly be found in other karst caves.Influenced by the strong tectonic activities since the Quaternary period,the cave collapsed several times,and landscapes within the cave have been seriously damaged.Study on the landscape formation of karst caves and influence of cave environment changes on its landscape development will contribute to the reasonable development and protection of tourist resources in the cave.

Analyzing the formation cause of Xidatan drinking mineral springs in island permafrost area on north slope of the Kunlun Mountains

The replenishment source of Xidatan drinking mineral springs in island permafrost area on north slope of the Kunlun Mountains are mainly the melting water from the modern glaciers bottom, snow and ice melting water, atmospheric precipitation, and surface water in Yuzhu Peak area on the Kunlun Mountains. This scenario is based on the survey of hydrogeology, water-conducting and water-controlling faults, and water chemistry, and on the EH-4 high-frequency electronic deep exploration. The original water recharges the deep groundwater at fracture zone of active normal faults F3 and F4 , then groundwater enriches at normal faults F2 and F2-1,2 , and then run northward. A water-rich triangle area is formed when groundwater reach the active reverse fault F1 . Groundwater then discharges through fracture zone of F1 , which is the major cause of the Xidatan mineral springs formation.

A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and Japanese Homographs and a Study on the Causes of Differences

Since ancient times,China and Japan have had a close relationship in cultural exchanges,and there are words borrowed and influenced by each other in terms of words.Therefore,there are a large number of words in the languages of China and Japan that are identical or similar in appearance,but differ in meaning or usage.As Learners of Japanese,it is necessary for us to make a comparative study of homomorphic words.This paper tries to analyze and discuss the characteristics and causes of homomorphic words based on the classification of homomorphic words from the perspective of lexicology.

Review on Drought Disasters in the Five Provinces of Northern China in 1920

This paper analyzed the severe drought that took place in the five provinces of Northern China in 1920.Study suggested that the severe damage caused by the drought was resulted from many reasons,such as certain specific natural conditions,deterioration of ecological environment,malformations of the rural economy and turbulence of domestic politics.However,some new phenomena took shapes during this time disaster relief activity.

Dried earth layers of artificial forestland in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province

By determining the earth moisture content of artificial forestland between 0 and 6 m deep in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, the vertical change of moisture content, distribution and formation causes of a dried earth layer are researched. The results show that the average moisture content is 9.3%-9.5% between 2 and 4 m under artificial forest of over 10 year＇s growth in Guanzhong Plain, and chronic weak dried earth layers are developed which show that the dried earth layers are distributed extensively on the Loess Plateau. The southern boundary of the dried earth layer has reached the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. When precipitation reaches 600 mm, there are weak dried earth layers between 2 and 4 m under artificial forest of more than 10 years old. When the precipitation is between 400 and 500 mm, there are moderate dried earth layers. When precipitation is above 800 mm, there are no dried earth layers. There are no dried earth layers under meadow land, corn land and less than 5 years old of artificial forestland in central and southern parts of the Loess Plateau. The development of dried earth layers under cypress forest is weaker than broad-leaved forest. Under the same climatic conditions, the development of dried earth layers under the loess tableland is nearly at the same level as the 2nd and 3rd river terrace. Dried earth layers developed in membrane water zone, and the buried depth is small and motion velocity is slow in the Loess Plateau, which is the direct water factor of the formation of the dried earth layer, while differences of tree age and tree species are the plant factors that consumed much moisture. From the depth of the gravity water and the membrane water in Guanzhong Plain, it is clear that the formation cause of dried earth layers is mainly due to natural factors. The dried layers generally develop in middle-aged artificial forestland that consumed too much moisture, which is the general character of earth moisture in subhumid and semiarid zones. The appearance of dried layers doesn＇t show that the forest doesn＇t develop in this area; this is depended on their development intensity. Artificial forest of Chinese poplar, locust tree and Chinese scholartree consuming less water can be planted in the areas where dried earth layer developed weakly, but can not be planted in the areas where dried earth layer developed intensely.

CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION CAUSES OF QINGDAO COLD WATER MASS

In this work, the main characteristics of the Qingdao Cold Water Mass were studied by using "the comparison analysis method" based on 1980 temperature,salinity and dissolved oxygen data on the western South Yellow Sea. The formation cause of the water mass was analyzed based on February of 1959 temperature and salinity data for this area and on some other authors’ studies. The results showed that the Qingdao Cold Water Mass has growing and vanishing processes: appears in the last ten days of March; has stable pattern in April; is biggest in its area in May; becomes small in its area in June; vanishes in July. It comes from the northern Shandong Coastal Water and is characterized by low temperature and salinity and high dissolved oxygen. The mass is formed under the joint effects of anticyclonic circulation and solar radiation.

Causes and Management of Concrete Cracks in Construction Engineering

In today’s comprehensive development of the domestic economy,China’s construction industry has reaped remarkable achievements.As a very important composition in the field of construction in China,the characteristics of concrete engineering itself determines that it is prone to encounter a variety of problems,the most frequent of which is various cracks.Cracks not only affect the aesthetics of the building,but also affect the durability and safety of the project.Considering these potential hazards,the causes of concrete cracks must be carefully analyzed to control and improve them in an effective way to ensure the safety and stability of concrete buildings.

The Morphophonology of Moroccan Arabic Derived Causatives

This paper aims at investigating the morphophonological make-up of derived causatives in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince &Smolensky, 2004). Causative verbs in MA are characterized by the systematic gemination of their medial consonants. However, it is not easy to determine the morphological nature of the causative morpheme involved in this derivation. Also, it is not clearly known why the causative morpheme gets realized exactly on the second segment of the base form.Therefore, we seek to achieve the following goals. First, we intend to determine the nature of the causative morpheme. Second, we aim to explain why the causative morpheme is realized on the second segment of the base form. In this respect, we show that the causative morpheme is represented by a featureless consonantal mora that targets the second segment of the base root, turning it into a geminate. We also show that the causative morpheme gets infixed thanks to the privileged status of root-initial segments.

Controlling Methods and Causes of Wall Cracks of Civil and Industrial Construction Projects

Since the reform and opening up,Chinese economy has developed rapidly.Industrial and civil construction projects have made significant progress.That said,it is of great significance to further strengthen the construction management of industrial and civil construction projects for the longterm development of construction industry in China.In terms of reality,one of the common problems in the current industrial and civil construction is wall cracks,which will have an important impact on the appearance of the building and the overall construction quality.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the reasons and put forward corresponding measures on it.That is how we can continuously improve the construction quality in civil and industrial construction projects,thereby achieving the enhancement of building safety and stability.

Analysis on Formation Causes of Interest Rate Risks of Commercial Banks in China

Economy globalization inevitably requires financial globalization. The interest rate （IR） is decided by the market, which will bring about IR risks to commercial banks （CBs）. This paper discusses the inevitability of fulfilling market IR in China and what IR risks Chinese CBs have to burden. It also analyzes the formation causes of IR risks from the exterior and the interior aspects.

Social Construction and the Human Rights Cause

Entering the 21st century, China is now at a new historical starting point. During the process ofgiving priority to the central task of economic construction and co- ordinating economic and social development, the work of social construction has been placed in an important position and the develop- ment of the human rights cause has also exhibited new characteristics. To respect and protect human rights and develop the human rights cause, we should pay attention to and adapt ourselves to these new characteris- tics.