Structural Characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

Based on 2D and 3D seismic data,the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift,the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period,discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks.The results show that:(1)The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks.Firstly,Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation,the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian,strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area.Secondly,the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata.From NE to SW,the age of the strata,which were subject to erosion,changes from new to old,the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE.(2)Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata.In profile,there are three types of structural styles:steep and erect,flower structures,’Y’and reversed’Y’type faults.In plane view,the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction,strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW,WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian,with characteristically more in the south and less in the north.(3)The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction.Among them,the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest,followed by the activity in the Cambrian period,the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest.This fault activity can be divided into four periods:Sinian,Cambrian-Permian,the early Indosinian period and the late Indosinian-Himalayan period,the transtensional strikeslip faults being the products of oblique extensions of pre-existing weak zones in the Xingkai and Emei taphrogenesis,with a particular inheritance in the main faults.(4)Combined with hydrocarbon accumulation factors,it is considered that the epigenetic karstification of the Tongwan and Caledonian unconformities in the northern slope controlled the formation and distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs over a large area,also acting as a good pathway for oil and gas migration.The extensional faults developed at the margin of the NS trending rift,controlling the sag-platform sedimentary pattern in the Dengying Formation of the Sinian.Strike-slip faults in NE,WNW and ENE directions may control the microgeomorphological pattern inside the platform and intensify the differential distribution of grain beach facies.The multi-stage hereditary activity of strike-slip faults not only improved the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs,but also acted as the main channel of oil and gas migration,providing favorable conditions for the development of the current multi-layer gasbearing scenario in the northern slope of the Central Sichuan Basin.

Controlling factors of Dengying Formation reservoirs in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift

Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics revealed that the Dengying Formation reservoir in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift belonged to the compound genetic reservoir of the mound-shoal facies and karst.Development of the reservoir was controlled by the mound-shoal facies,and dissolution-enlarged or added pores(vugs)due to superimposed karstification modification were favorable reservoir spaces.The karst of the Dengying Formation in Tongwan stage was the stratabound-weathered crust karst of the early diagenesis stage,the extensive superimposition of mound-shoal facies and regional karstification in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift area was the key to develop the large-scale continuous Dengying Formation reservoirs.Due to differences in the development degree of mound-shoal facies and in the intensity of karst modification,the reservoir development degree varied in different zones in the paleouplift area.The NS-extending zone on the western side of the Gaoshiti-Moxi area was the sweet spot for reservoir development.Effective identification of mound-shoal facies and fine depiction of karst landform was the key for reservoir prediction of the Dengying Formation to discovery the superimposed area of the mound-shoal facies and the karst monadnock-karst steep slope which similar to Moxi-Gaoshiti area.

Natural gas geology and exploration direction of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on drilling data of JT1 and CS1,outcrop profiles and seismic data,the sedimentary pattern,space configuration of source-reservoir-cap combinations and paleouplift evolution characteristics of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in the central Sichuan paleouplift have been investigated to determine the favorable exploration zones.Controlled by Deyang-Anyue rift,the Lower Canglangpu Member features differential characteristics from east to west in sedimentary framework.In the west side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,this member is composed of clastic sediments,while in the east side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,it is fresh water shelf sediments,with grain beaches occurring along edges of the depressions,shelf and lagoon.Among the beaches,the dolomitic ones are mainly distributed around the depression edge and in the north of the lagoon.The beach sediments could become high quality reservoirs under the effect of karstification.Underlying the Lower Canglangpu Member is the widespread source rock of the Qiongzhusi Formation,so oil and gas generated by the Qiongzhusi Formation source rock can directly charge into the beach reservoirs.The sandy mudstone of the Upper Canglangpu Member can serve as the caprock of the Lower Canglangpu Member reservoir.The dolomitic beaches are located at the higher part of the paleo-uplift during the main accumulation period,with good hydrocarbon accumulation elements.Blocks PT1-CS1,HT1-GT2 and east GT2 are favorable exploration zones.

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.

The dating and temperature measurement technologies for carbonate minerals and their application in hydrocarbon accumulation research in the paleouplift in central Sichuan Basin, SW China

A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. For constraining the time and depth of hydrocarbon accumulation by the laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope temperature, there are two key steps:(1) Investigating feature, abundance and distribution patterns of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions with optical microscopes.(2) Dating laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and measuring clumped isotope temperature of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions. These technologies have been applied for studying the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin. By dating the U-Pb isotope age and measuring the temperature of clumped isotope((35)47) of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions in dolomite, three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation were identified:(1) Late Silurian: the first stage of oil accumulation at(416±23) Ma.(2) Late Permian to Early Triassic: the second stage of oil accumulation between(248±27) Ma and(246.3±1.5) Ma.(3) Yanshan to Himalayan period: gas accumulation between(115±69) Ma and(41±10) Ma. The reconstructed hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin is highly consistent with the tectonic-burial history, basin thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history, indicating that the new method is a reliable way for reconstructing the hydrocarbon accumulation history.

Features of micro-fabric and the genetic study of Triassic deep polyhalite in the Guang'an area, central Sichuan Basin

It is an accepted fact that the main solid phase support for potassium in the Sichuan Basin is polyhalite [K2MgCa2(SO4)4·2H2O] rather than sylvineis (KCl) (Gong DX et al.,2015).The mineral types,occurrence characteristics and metasomatism of the polyhalite bearing ore-bed were identified and the origin of the polyhalite was discussed.The polyhalite samples were obtained from the core of Z12,located in Dalong Village,Guang'an City of central Sichuan.The sampling depths were 2974 m (s-1),3023 m (s-2) and 3106 m (s-3).The microbeam analysis of back-scattering images was carried out using a Shimadzu EPMA-1720 Series electron probe micro-analyzer,supplemented by a quantitative spectrum analysis that determined the mineral types.

Effects of Land Use Change on Eco-environment in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin——A Case Study of Yanting County, Sichuan Province

With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts operated over long time, measurement and calculation of NPP (net primary production) and biomass of biological community, and analysis of soil organic matter content show that the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest has outstanding eco-environmental effect: adjusting local climate, raising soil fertility, alleviating menace of drought, and raising NPP and biomass of biological community. It is very beneficial for improving ecological environment to afforest artificial alder and cypress mixed forest in populous Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Key Words: land use/land cover change (LUCC); eco-environmental effect; Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin; the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest

Petroleum geology of marl in Triassic Leikoupo Formation and discovery significance of Well Chongtan1 in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

In 2022,the risk exploration well Chongtan1(CT1)in the Sichuan Basin revealed commercial oil and gas flow during test in a new zone–the marl of the second submember of the third member of Leikoupo Formation(Lei-32)of Middle Triassic,recording a significant discovery.However,the hydrocarbon accumulation in marl remains unclear,which restricts the selection and deployment of exploration area.Focusing on Well CT1,the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of Lei-32 marl are analyzed to clarify the potential zones for exploration.The following findings are obtained.First,according to the geochemical analysis of petroleum and source rocks,oil and gas in the Lei-32 marl of Well CT1 are originated from the same marl.The marl acts as both source rock and reservoir rock.Second,the Lei-32 marl in central Sichuan Basin is of lagoonal facies,with a thickness of 40–130 m,an area of about 40000 km^(2),a hydrocarbon generation intensity of(4–12)×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),and an estimated quantity of generated hydrocarbons of 25×10^(12) m^(3).Third,the lagoonal marl reservoirs are widely distributed in central Sichuan Basin.Typically,in Xichong–Yilong,Ziyang–Jianyang and Moxi South,the reservoirs are 20–60 m thick and cover an area of 7500 km^(2).Fourth,hydrocarbons in the lagoonal marl are generated and stored in the Lei-32 marl,which means that marl serves as both source rock and reservoir rock.They represent a new type of unconventional resource,which is worthy of exploring.Fifth,based on the interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data from central Sichuan Basin,Xichong and Suining are defined as favorable prospects with estimated resources of(2000–3000)×10^(8) m^(3).

Characteristics and development model of karst reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

The reservoir space,types and distribution characteristics of karst carbonate gas reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 4 Member)in central Sichuan Basin are analyzed based on the drilling,logging and seismic data.A development model of karst reservoirs is constructed to support the high-efficiency development of gas pools.The research shows that the reservoirs in Deng 4 Member have mainly small-scale karst vugs and fractures as storage space,and can be divided into three types,fracture-vug,pore-vug and pore types.The development patterns of the karst reservoirs are determined.On the plane,the karst layers increase from 65 m to 170 m in thickness from the karst platform to the karst slope,and the high-quality reservoirs increase from 25.0 m to 42.2 m in thickness;vertically,the reservoirs at the top of Deng 4 Member appear in multiple layers,and show along-bedding and along fracture dissolution characteristics.The reservoirs at the bottom are characterized by the dissolution parallel to the water level during the karstification period,and have 3-5 large-scale fracture-cave systems.Based on the reservoir development characteristics and the genetic mechanism,three types of reservoir development models of karst reservoir are established,i.e.,bed-dissolved body,fracture-dissolved body and paleohorizon-dissolved body.The construction of karst reservoir development models and seismic response characteristics of the three types of reservoirs can provide parameter for well placement and trajectory design,and substantially improve productivity and development indices of individual wells and gas reservoirs.The designed production capacity of the gas reservoir has enhanced from the initial 3.6 billion to 6 billion cubic meters,making the profit of the reservoir development increase noticeably.

Multi-Stage Fluid Charging and Critical Period of Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan Basin

Objective The natural gas exploration of the Sinian reservoirs in the central Sichuan Basin has made a significant breakthrough in recent years, and has thus attracted much attention among geologists. The Sichuan Basin is known to have complicated geological settings, which has experienced multiple stages of tectonic evolution, fluid charging and hydrocarbon accumulation. This research aims to determine the geochemical characteristics of each stage of fluids, the features and time interval of fluid activity in different geologic periods, and further to restore the critical period and geological age of the hydrocarbon accumulation.

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Soil Organic Matter in the Mixed Plantations of Alder and Cypress in the Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan Basin

The investigation was conducted on the spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic mater （SOM） in the mixed plantations of alder （Aluns crernastogyne） and cypress （Cupressus funebris ） （MPAC）, which distributed in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Basin （HACSB）. The results show that： （1） the spatial distribution of SOM among different sites at the same age are not significant before 15-year-old, but significant at 20-year-old, and not significant again after 25-year-old; （2） the SOM contents in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers increase sharply from 10- to 15-year-old, and decline gradually from 15- to 30- year-old; the SOM contents of the 30-year-old PCP were 80. 38% and 78.42% higher than that of the 10-year-old, but 29.16% and 53.37% lower than that of 15-year-old in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers, respectively. The decrease of SOM contents would lead to the degradation of soil fertility and the decline of forest productivity.

Reservoir micro structure of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic and its petroleum significance in Central Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the qualitative study of microscopic reservoir features using core analysis,cast and fluorescence thin sections inspection,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and quantitative examination of pore size and geometry using mercury injection,nano-CT and nitrogen adsorption,reservoir rock of Da’anzhai Member were divided into 9 types,while storage spaces were divided into 4 types and 14 sub-types.The study shows that sparry coquina is the most promising reservoir type.Pores that smaller than 1μm in diameter contribute 91.27%of storage space volume.Most of them exhibit slot-like geometry with good connectivity.By building up storage space models,it was revealed that micron scale storage spaces mainly composed of fractures and nanometer scale pores and fractures form multi-scale dual porosity system.Low resource abundance,small single well controlled reserve,and low production are related to the nano-scale pore space in Da’anzhai Memer,whereas the dual-porosity system composed of pores and fractures makes for long-term oil yield.Due to the existence of abundant slot-like pore space and fractures,economic tight oil production was achieved without stimulations.

Distribution and exploration direction of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium and large sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of medium-and large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around Central Sichuan, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.

Origin of facies-controlled dolomite and exploration significance of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in central Sichuan Basin, Western China

The intraplatform shoal dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation is currently considered the key target of hydrocarbon exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. To systematically investigate the origin of the stratabound facies-controlled porous dolomites of the Qixia Formation, integrated petrography,logging and seismic analysis were carried out in this work. The results are as following:(1) the dolomite reservoir is universal in the central Sichuan Basin, and its distribution is controlled by intraplatform shoals, with multilayer superposition vertically. Thick massive dolostone may also develop along with the fault.(2) Three replaced dolomites and one dolomite cement were identified: very finely to finely crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd1);finely to medium crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd2);coarsely crystalline, subhedral to euhedral dolomite(Rd3) and coarsely crystalline saddle dolomite cement(Sd). Rd2 and Rd3 are partly fabric-retentive, and preserve the original bioclastic ghosts. Sd shows wavy extinction, filled in the breccia veins.(3) The U-Pb dating and homogenization temperatures results indicate that the dolomite and Sd cement are associated with hydrothermal event during the Emeishan large igneous province. The δ^(13)C,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and seawater-like REEY patterns suggest that the dolomitization and Sd precipitation fluids originate from connate seawater heated by elevated heat-flow.(4) The ELIP triggered large scale thermal anomalies in the basin during the Dongwu movement period. The increased temperature and pressure drove the formation water in the intra-platform shoal facies and overcame the binding effect of Mg^(2+) hydrate. Moreover, the deep hydrothermal fluid preferentially penetrated into the porous strata of shoal facies along the faults and fractures, mixed with formation water to some extent, and extensive dolomitization occurred. The facies-controlled dolomite reservoir and the underlying Cambrian source rock form a good source-reservoir assemblage, which can be a key replacement option.

Optimization of Withering and Fermentation Parameters during the Manufacture of Congou Black Tea of Sichuan

A central composite design(CCD),with three variables and three levels,was used to optimize withering and fermentation processing during manufacture of Congou black tea of Sichuan.The three independent variables were withering time,fermentation time and fermentation temperature.Each factor was set by three levels.The responses were predicted by analysis of the regression equation.In the study,the models of regression equation were significant by the analysis of variance(ANOVA).The second-order response surface figures were showed that interaction term is correlated with the response.Optimal process parameters for the maximum of TF and TR formation were obtained at withering time of 12 hours,fermentation time of 2 hours,and fermentation temperature of 30℃.The predictions of TF and TR formation were 0.52% and 3.98%.The results obtained in this study showed that the CCD and Response Surface Methodology(RSM) could be an effective tool to optimize the process parameters of Congou black tea manufacture.

川中北部地区寒武系第二统沧浪铺组一段孔隙特征、成因及演化模式

【目的】近年来,随着川中北部地区寒武系第二统沧浪铺组的不断勘探突破,沧浪铺组呈现出巨大的勘探潜力,而目前孔隙研究的薄弱制约了对储层发育特征的深入认识。【方法】基于岩心、铸体薄片和阴极发光等的观察与鉴定,运用图像识别软件获取岩石组分含量、孔隙参数等定量数据,对川中北部地区寒武系第二统沧浪铺组一段的孔隙特征、成因、不同岩性的孔隙演化模式开展研究。【结果】沧浪铺组一段的孔隙类型主要为粒内溶孔,与总面孔率的正相关性最好,其次是粒间溶孔。较高的鲕粒/陆源砂的含量比例是孔隙发育的重要物质基础,溶解作用是孔隙发育的最有利因素,而高能的陆棚鲕粒滩沉积是原生孔隙发育的关键。因为准同生期大气水的选择性溶解作用是形成沧一段主要鲕粒粒内溶孔的最有利的成岩作用,而准同生期—埋藏期的白云石化作用则增强岩石的抗压性、使固相体积缩小而增加岩石的面孔率,埋藏期的溶解作用则沿着构造破裂形成的裂缝和早期孔隙进行溶解扩大。陆源砂、胶结作用、压实作用和压溶作用等则不利于沧一段孔隙的发育。【结论】因此,有利的碳酸盐组分及后续的成岩—构造作用影响了孔隙的发育和演化,并形成了孔隙面孔率依次降低的岩性排序特征:亮晶鲕粒云岩、含砂鲕粒云岩、砂质鲕粒云岩、细粒岩屑砂岩、石灰岩类。

川中龙女寺地区中二叠统茅口组储层特征及其主控因素

近年来,川中龙女寺地区JT1井和MX145井等多口钻井在中二叠统茅口组获得高产工业气流,展现出茅口组良好的勘探开发潜力,但由于储层特征及其发育主控因素不清楚,严重制约了龙女寺地区茅口组进一步的油气勘探。以川中龙女寺地区茅口组储层为对象,开展储层岩性、物性和孔喉结构等地质特征及地球化学特征研究,提出了川中龙女寺地区中二叠统茅口组优质储层主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)龙女寺地区茅口组储层岩性为白云岩及灰岩2类,晶粒白云岩、角砾白云岩和颗粒灰岩为主要储层岩石类型。白云岩储层可划分为3大类、6个亚类,灰岩储层可划分为4大类、5个亚类。(2)晶间孔、非选择性溶孔和溶洞为茅口组储层主要储集空间类型,裂缝-孔洞型储层的构造-溶蚀缝、洞体系储集空间大,分布广泛且连通性好,为有利储层。(3)茅口组储层具有“沉积作用-白云石化作用构建骨架,岩溶作用-构造作用叠加改造”的形成与发育模式。沉积作用、白云石化作用和构造作用是优质储层的主要控制因素,角砾白云岩为优质储集岩。

川中蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层特征及其与磨溪—高石梯地区对比

川中蓬莱气区下寒武统龙王庙组钻遇良好碳酸盐岩储层,天然气显示好,成为继川中地区安岳大气田后龙王庙组重点勘探区之一,但储层发育规律不明制约了勘探部署。基于最新的钻井及分析测试等资料,系统分析了蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层特征及主控因素。研究认为,蓬莱气区龙王庙组具有陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积背景,储层主要分布在龙王庙组中上部;储集岩石类型主要为(残余)颗粒白云岩和结晶白云岩;储集空间类型主要为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔及微裂缝;以低孔低渗储层为主,储层厚度主要介于10~42 m之间。储层发育受控于层序地层、岩性及成岩作用等,进积型准层序组和准层序中上部的(残余)颗粒白云岩和结晶白云岩是储层发育主要部位,大气淡水溶蚀、油气溶蚀作用及破裂作用是核心建设性成岩作用。对比安岳大气田主体区磨溪—高石梯地区,认为储层主控因素相近,主要受颗粒白云岩、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等控制,但蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层具有灰质含量高、陆源碎屑含量多、准同生期暴露弱等特点,寻找准同生期暴露的高能颗粒白云岩和细晶白云岩及表生岩溶改造的白云岩是蓬莱气区重点关注的储层目标。

四川盆地中部地区震旦系大型碳酸盐岩气藏开发技术新进展

四川盆地中部地区(以下简称川中地区)震旦系灯影组气藏为大型古老深层岩溶风化壳型碳酸盐岩气藏,气藏整体表现为低孔隙度低渗透率,储集空间小尺度缝洞发育,储层非均质性强特征,气藏开发面临储层表征难、井位部署和效益开发难度大等系列挑战。为此,以川中地区安岳气田灯影组气藏为对象,通过地质工程一体技术化攻关,深化了对储层发育特征和成因机理的认识,提出了气藏开发新模式,创建形成了气藏高效开发的关键技术。研究结果表明:①灯影组储层主要为岩溶成因储层,具有“叠合岩溶差异控储”的发育特征;②岩溶储层非均质性强,“溶蚀相成因控储”可精细刻画储层的非均质性;③灯影组气藏宜采用“单井指标叠加论证气藏规模”的开发新模式;④创新形成了“双界面”岩溶古地貌恢复及定量刻画方法,并指导平面选区,其中Ⅰ+Ⅱ类井比例由评价期的40%提高到方案建设期的100%;⑤创建了小尺度缝洞识别、刻画及表征技术,并指导钻井轨迹设计,测试百万立方米气井比例由开发评价期的41.6%提高到建产期的60%;⑥配套完善了分段酸压工艺技术,高效动用了优质储层,并解放了低品位储层,储层渗透率由改造前的0.62 mD提高到酸压改造后的6.77 mD。结论认为,“十四五”期间,在上述开发技术的支持下,安岳气田由台缘带灯四段高效开发转向长期稳产和台内地区多层系效益开发,蓬莱含气区由单井高产转向区块高产和气藏规模建产,将强力支撑中国石油西南油气田公司“十四五”末天然气上产500×10^(8)m^(3)。