Central environmental protection inspection and carbon emission reduction: A tripartite evolutionary game model from the perspective of carbon neutrality

Since the carbon neutrality target was proposed,many countries have been facing severe challenges to carbon emission reduction sustainably.This study is conducted using a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore the impact of the central environmental protection inspection(CEPI)on driving carbon emission reduction,and to study what factors influence the strategic choices of each party and how they interact with each other.The research results suggest that local governments and manufacturing enterprises would choose strategies that are beneficial to carbon reduction when CEPI increases.When the initial willingness of all parties increases 20%,50%—80%,the time spent for the whole system to achieve stability decreases from 100%,60%—30%.The evolutionary result of“thorough inspection,regulation implementation,low-carbon management”is the best strategy for the tripartite evolutionary game.Moreover,the smaller the cost and the larger the benefit,the greater the likelihood of the three-party game stability strategy appears.This study has important guiding significance for other developing countries to promote carbon emission reduction by environmental policy.

The Control of Population Growth Is the Function of the Central Government

Mr.Jiang Zcmin,Gencral-Seerctary of the Cen-tral Committee of the Chincse Communist Party and.Chairman of the People's Republic of China,in a rC-ccnt spcech cm phasized that the family planning pro-gramme should be strictly and effectively im plemented in 1994,a year of crucial importance for promoting re-form and opening and thc drive lowards.modernization.To makc continucd contributions to the sociocconomic development in the country,we must fulfil the plan for controlling population growth..The spcech was delivcred at the anua!National Fo-rum on Family Planning Work convened jointly by the Party's Central Committcc and the Statc Council.

Financial Reporting Dilemmas for the Maltese Local Government

Maltese Local Councils are required to prepare financial reports compliant with International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）. Through documentary research, this study examined the suitability of this requirement and implications for institutional relationships. This study showed that IFRS statements are problematic to produce and interpret at the local level of government, and that, on their own, they are undermining the control needs of the Central Government. This study highlighted the important role of financial reporting for accountability by showing that the use of financial reporting systems that do not fit the reporting entity may actually lead to avoidance of accountability by mystifying reality.

50 YEARS OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Aid to Tibet(Ⅳ)——62 Aid Projects

In July 1994,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council held theThird National Conference on Work in Tibet.During the conference, JiangZemin,General Party Secretary and State President,said that showing carefor,and providing aid to Tibet constituted the consistent policy of the Partyand the State,and the bounden duty of peoples of all ethnic groups in the country.

Human Rights Training for Central Government Officials

More than 50 officials from central government departments attended a human rights training class held in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province, on May 29-June 2. The class was sponsored by the State Council Information Office, during which the trainees attended lectures given on China＇s human rights concepts and the current human rights conditions in the country, human rights theories and international human rights instruments and protection of human rights under the rule of law.

50 YEARS OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AID TO TIBET (Ⅳ)

On May 23,1991,Li Tieying,Headof the CentralGovernment Del-egation that had been sent tomark the 40th anniversary ofthe peaceful liberation ofTibet, declared publicly:"TheCentral Government willinvest 1 billion Yuan for thecomprehensive developmentof the central part of the three-river valley area in Tibet."

From"Online Trial"to"Network Govemance":A Perspective on the Functional Transformation of Internet Courts

Internet courts in the 1.0 era achieved initial success in"online trial"and facilitation of the people's access to judicial services,yet lacked the particularity that special courts should have in terms of organization,cases and procedures,making them difficult to fulfill the function of governance of network society.Compared with rule and management,governance has the features of decentralization,broad scope,and co-construction of rules.Features of network society are in line with the structure of social governance theory.To fulfill their function of governance of network society,internet courts in the 2.0 era,as the integrator of multiple centers and cyberspace as well as the analyzer of internet rules,need to improve in terms of organization,cases and procedures:In terms of organization,consider upgrading internet courts to be intermediate courts and identifying them as cross-region courts in cyberspace;in terms of cases,redefine the essence and extension of"online cases"with elements including wholly cyberspacerelated civil and commercial dispute resolution,new business format management on internet platforms,and governance of data-related rights;and in terms of procedures,improve Internet courts'case selection procedures,judgement effect extension procedures,investigation procedures for independent evidence collection of internet cases,and automatic enforcement procedures ensuring the instant enforcement of judgment,so as to promote a mature and complete legal framework for cyberspace governance.

Independence and Accountability of Central Banks With a Special Focus on India

According to the consensus view, central banks reached a high level of independence by the end of last century. This paper argues that as a result short-term political considerations applied during the appointment process of central bank decision-makers, their actual independence was at a lower level already that time. The global f＇mancial crisis created new tasks for central banks and forced a review of the meaning of independence. The paper argues that central banks should be responsible for safeguarding fmancial stability and their macro-prudential activity can only be executed in cooperation with governments. However, interest rate policy decisions must remain free of political influence. The novelty of this paper lies in showing the conflictual relationship of the various roles of central banks. The paper concludes that the duality of independence and cooperation represents a major uncertainty in the operation of central banks. As a result of the greater degree of politicisation of the activities of central banks, their de facto independence in interest rate policy making may further shrink in the future. The paper also shows that India represents a unique case of central bank independence. In most countries, de jure independence is higher than de facto. India is one of the very rare countries where the reverse is the case.

简政放权何以影响企业创新?

简政放权是否可以释放改革红利,是全社会普遍关注的重大问题。基于简政放权的政策内涵与中国政治话语的统计语义学方法,选取中央政府会议公告为文本研究对象,利用爬虫分析技术构建了简政放权指标,研究企业创新是否因简政放权而产生明显的促进效果。实证结果显示,中央政府通过引导创新环境、精简政府办事程序和降低企业负担等三方面发力,促进企业研发资金规模扩大和研发人员数量增加,有效提升企业的专利规模和专利质量。进一步的机制分析发现,地方政府有效执行简政放权政策,改善企业经营环境,将会间接带动企业创新。异质性检验发现,简政放权的政策效果受企业注册地的行政层级和企业自身的行政级别影响,级别越高,简政放权对创新的促进效果越显著。下一步,应针对性推进简政放权政策,加大对薄弱环节的支持力度,确保政策在地方政府的落地执行,激发企业创新活力。

中央环保督察与企业过度金融化:资本逐利抑或环境治理

中央环保督察是近年来我国环保领域采取的重要改革措施,不仅有利于提高环境治理效力,而且也会对微观企业的资源配置决策产生影响。基于2012—2021年我国沪深A股上市工业企业数据,采用多期双重差分法实证检验中央环保督察对企业过度金融化的影响。研究发现,中央环保督察对企业过度金融化具有抑制作用。影响机制检验发现,中央环保督察通过提高企业绿色投资进而会抑制企业过度金融化。异质性分析表明,中央环保督察对企业过度金融化的抑制作用在融资约束程度高、高管无公职经历的企业以及处在公众环境关注度较高地区的企业更强。经济后果检验表明,中央环保督察通过抑制企业过度金融化提升了企业绩效。研究结论探析了宏观环境政策对微观企业资源配置决策的影响及作用机理,对实现环境治理和经济发展的双赢具有一定的现实意义。

中央企业产业链链长协作治理机制与策略:以中国移动为例

“链长制”是中国特色产业链协作治理的最新实践,中央企业产业链链长则是行政、市场、社群三种治理机制在产业链直接治理层面互嵌互补的重要载体。既有研究强调“链长制”是有效市场和有为政府的结合,却忽视了社群治理以及三种治理机制交互的协作治理对于矫正产业链协调失灵问题的重要性。基于此,本文从协作治理视角出发,探讨央企产业链链长的协作治理目标和机制,并对移动信息现代产业链链长协作治理的具体手段、体系建设和机制组合进行了深入分析,最后从优化顶层制度设计、优化央企考核方式、加快产业链综合信息平台建设、建立需求采购联盟、强化共性技术研发、优化人才激励政策等方面提出提高央企链长治理效能的建议。

数字赋能下中央与地方政府环境治理演化博弈研究

大数据时代,信息技术和数字智慧发展使得实现政府环境治理现代化这一现实目标成为可能。论文立足于治理体系现代化、治理方式智能化和治理结果高效化目标,利用演化博弈模型和MATLAB仿真动态分析,引导环境治理向精细化、合作化、科学化的现代治理模式转型。研究表明,中央和地方政府的环境收益及政治好评、治理失能下政府公信力损失、惩罚性收入、政府奖励支出等要素积极作用于政府决策行为中。当中央政府选择严格监管策略时,环境治理效益提升,监督成本下降,有助于刺激中央政府加强数字监管;当地方政府的公信力损失成本增加、中央对地方政府的监督效果得到提高时,地方政府选择积极配合。可见,研究借助演化博弈理论分析了中央和地方政府环境治理动态演化过程及均衡点,推导出政府决策最优情景,为政府探索现代化环境治理路径提供了理论指导和数据参考。

论加强党对审计工作的领导

加强党中央对审计工作的集中统一领导是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在审计领域的具体实践,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在审计领域取得的历史性成就。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是指导审计实践、推动审计高质量发展的强大思想武器,是加强党对审计工作领导、坚持和维护党中央集中统一领导的基本依据,彰显了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在审计理论和实践中的巨大真理力量和独特思想魅力。我国审计从一产生就为国家治理服务,根据国家治理的意志和目标依据国家治理体系的法律法规制度审核决策执行情况,并向国家治理的最高决策者报告审核结果。在不同的国家治理时期,我国审计与国家治理的重点内容紧密结合,形成了彰显各个历史时期特色的审计制度。党中央集中统一领导是我国审计发展规律在中国特色社会主义新时代的历史性升华。

明清之际川藏道的兴起及在中央和西藏地方中的连接作用

明清之际,川藏道逐渐兴起,并成为中央与西藏地方之间的重要连接纽带。除了中央政府的主动开拓,西藏地方也参与到了整个进程之中。自明中后期开始,大量藏族僧俗人员自川藏道前往内地朝贡,并将巨额茶叶、布匹、金银等物资带回西藏,这是“汉藏金桥”兴起的重要背景。当康区的白利土司阻断了川藏道时,以五世达赖喇嘛为首的西藏地方支持蒙古首领固始汗,攻灭了白利。清初,西藏地方与内地在川藏道东端打箭炉广泛开展贸易活动。康熙三十九年(1700)“西炉之役”与五十九年(1720)清军进藏驱逐准噶尔后,川藏道沿线多数地区逐渐纳入四川省管辖,清朝为保障道路畅通,以巨额茶叶与白银对西藏地方进行经济补贴。由川藏道的兴起及中央与西藏地方的互动,可以深刻理解该道成为双方连接纽带的原因,以及西藏地方牢固纳入中原政治体系的内在逻辑。

中心工作机制:跨界治理中的党政体制及其运行——以沪浙“毗邻党建”为例

如何推动毗邻地区的跨界治理是中国国家治理的重要议题。“毗邻党建”在上海金山和浙江平湖建立起集中化的跨界合作网络,由金山区委和平湖市委通过联席会议磋商阶段性跨界治理中心工作事项,然后分头落实,推动了跨界问题的解决和重点事项的合作,体现的是中心工作机制的运行。具体而言,两地党委通过归口管理、工作小组和党委负责等工作机制,配合以政治动员、压力动员和宣传动员等宣传机制,以中心工作事项整合相关职能部门及其资源,突破了科层体制的弊端,实现了跨界问题有效治理。

中央生态环境保护督察党政问责实证研究-——以第二轮问责公布结果为研究素材

环保督察是我国现代化治理的创新制度,具有行政督察和党内督察的双重性质。中央生态环境保护督察党政问责是落实环保督察的有效手段。学界对中央生态环境保护督察及其党政问责机制做了深入研究,主要集中其制度特征、优势,但鲜有以中央生态环境保护督察中的问责为研究对象。通过公开信息渠道获取第二轮中央生态环境保护督察问责数据,从问责对象、级别人数、问责情形等方面进行量化评估,有助于总结实践经验,提高问责效率。运用实证方法评估问责级别与问责情形之间是否存在相关性。研究证明,部分问责情形与问责级别存在相关性。根据研究结论,可知中央生态环境保护督察问责对生态环境治理的影响以及对生态环境治理制度建设的影响。

地方环境治理何以有效?——中央环保督察背景下省域数据的动态QCA分析

中央环保督察背景下地方环境治理何以有效?运用动态QCA方法对三时段全国各省数据的分析发现,地方治理有效的核心条件组态共有10种类型,压力型体制作用机制始终发挥重要影响,环保理念在中央持续发力下逐渐得以塑造并正向作用于实践,多元主体参与和常态化治理格局正在缓慢形成,同时各地区影响治理成效的因素也存在显著差异。要继续推进环境治理的国家战略,仍需继续保持中央督察的高频压力,但应精准发力,特别注重全社会环保理念的培育,推动多元主体参与的常态化机制建设,激活区域资源,发挥地区特色优势拓宽治理路径。