Geology, Geochemistry, and Geochronology of the Fenghuangshan Skarn-type Copper Deposit in the Tongling Ore Cluster, Anhui Province, East China

The Fenghuangshan skarn-type Cu deposit, Tongling Ore Cluster, Anhui Province, is an important component in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River ore-forming belt. To better understand magmatism and its relationship to mineralization, we investigated geochemical features, ore-forming fluids, and geochronology of the Xinwuli intrusion and the related Fenghuangshan Cu deposit. Lithogeochemical characteristics show that the Xinwuli quartz monzodiorite is formed by mixing magma derived from upper mantle alkaline basalt that has been contaminated by crust materials. C, H and O isotopes indicate that ore-forming fluids mainly come from the magma, with minor amounts of meteoric fluids involved at the late stage. S and Pb isotopic components indicate that ore-forming materials are derived from the mantle. Molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating yields Re-Os model ages ranging from 139.1±2.4 Ma to 142.0±2.2 Ma, with an isochronal age of 141.1±1.4 Ma, which is consistent with sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe （SHRIMP） zircon U-Pb ages of quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite in the mining area. Dating analysis yields ages from 136.0±2.0 Ma to 143.0±2.4 Ma for the quartz monzodiorite （a weighted average of 139.4±1.2 Ma） and ages from 136.7±2.0 Ma to 145.3±2.4 Ma for granodiorite （a weighted average of 141.0±1.1 Ma）.

Study on the Change of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Anhui Province

Based on the statistical data concerning land use in Anhui Province from 1995 to 2005, this paper conduct comprehensive analysis on change of land use structure, change of land use degree, and landscape pattern change of land use in Anhui Province from 1995 to 2005 using statistical analysis and mathematical model. The results show that the land use structure has changed significantly; the rate of land use change is quick; the land use degree is not high; the spatial pattern of land use tends to be reasonable and gradually develops toward the equilibrium state.

Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of the Neoproterozoic carbonates from northern Anhui Province, China

Petrographical and geochemical studies were carried out of the Neoproterozoic carbonates from northern Anhui Province, China. These carbonates can be subdivided into two types, including purified limestone (PL) and mixed limestone and siliclastic rocks (MLS). PLs are low in Si, Al, Zr and total REE but high in CaO compared with MLSs. Correlations between Zr, Fe2O3, P2O5 and total REE are also less remarkable, indicating that they were not obviously contaminated by continental materials but directly precipitated from seawater. So they can be used for the inversion of paleo-seawater REE patterns. The inversed results indicated that the REE pattern of Neoproterozoic seawater was similar to that of the modern seawater except for the lack of Ce depletion, which was probably affected by the reduced hydrothermal solution. In combination with previous studies, the geochemical trending of these carbonatic samples towards the continental arc in the La- Th-Sc and Th-Sc-Zr/10 diagrams is interpreted as the contamination of arc volcanism. The tectonic background of the southern margin of the North China Craton in the Neoproterozoic was probably related to the Grenville orogeny during the convergence of the Rodinia supercontinent, rather than an intra-plate environment.

Hamatophyton from the Late Devonian of Anhui Province,South China and Evolution of Sphenophyllales

Well-preserved specimens of Hamatophyton verticillatum collected from the Upper Devonian （Famennian） Wutong Formation of Chaohu district, Anhui Province, South China, display more complete fertile axes in three orders and multiple divisions. Comparisons indicate that Hamatophyton possibly does not have palmate planate sterile leaves but hook-like linear ones with rare divisions. We propose seven definitive characters of Sphenophyllales： （1） completely whorled lateral organs; （2） sterile leaves; （3） strobili; （4） ＂sporangiophores＂ or stalks with reflexed tips bearing sporangia; （5） three- or four-ribbed primary xylem; （6） exarch maturation of primary xylem; and （7） secondary xylem. The Sphenophyllales probably originated from the Iridopteridales based on similarities in whorled lateral organs, ribbed primary xylem and peripheral protoxylem strands. In transition from Iridopteridales to Sphenophyllales, morphological changes involve partially whorled to completely whorled lateral organs, sterile ultimate appendages to leaves, and fertile ultimate appendages to ＂sporangiophores＂/stalks with bracts; anatomical modifications include configuration and maturation of primary xylem, and presence of secondary xylem.

The Marketization of Land-related Indicators Based on the Practice in Anhui Province

Under the background of the new urbanization,this paper performs an empirical analysis of requisition-compensation balance indicators in Chuzhou City,and points out the problems in the land transaction.At the national level,it is necessary to introduce the measures to regulate the market transactions of requisition-compensation balance indicators as soon as possible,put safeguarding the interests of the majority of farmers in the first place during market transactions,and establish the a unified market platform for the transaction of land-related indicators,so as to boost the urban construction,promote the integration of urban and rural areas,and speed up the new urbanization process.

The Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Variation of Strong Precipitation Caused Flood and Agricultural Disaster Loss in Huaihe River Basin of Anhui Province during Meiyu Period of 2007

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze temporal and spatial variation of strong precipitation caused flood and agricultural disaster loss in Huaihe River basin of Anhui Province during Meiyu period of 2007.[Method] On the basis of rainfalls of each station in Huaihe River basin of Anhui,rainfall data during Meiyu period of 2007 and flood disaster data in the same period,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of strong precipitation caused flood during Meiyu period of 2007 and its harm on agriculture were analyzed.The variation rule,distribution characteristics of strong precipitation during Meiyu period in Huaihe River basin of Anhui and its relationship with agricultural disaster loss were discussed.[Result] During Meiyu period of 2007 in Huaihe River basin of Anhui,the rainstorm was more,and the rainfall was large.The precipitation variation showed 'three-peak' trend.Rainfall in Huaihe River basin during Meiyu period of 2007 was greatly more than that homochronously in Yangtze River basin.The rain area over 400.0 mm during Meiyu period mainly located in Huaihe River basin,and the rain area over 600.0 mm mainly located from area along Huaihe River to central Huaibei.The rainfall during Meiyu period gradually decreased toward south and north by the north bank of Huaihe River as the symmetry axis.The rainfall in area along Huaihe River showed wavy distribution in east-west direction.The flood disaster loss index and disaster area of crops in Huaihe River basin of Anhui both increased as rainfall in Meiyu period.[Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for flood prevention,disaster reduction and agricultural flood-avoiding development in Huaihe River basin.

Lead Isotope Studies of Massive Surphur-Iron-Gold Deposits in the Tongling Area, Anhui Province

Pb isotope ratios and their variation have been measured and explained on ores of massive S-Fe-Au depos-its hosted in the Middle-Upper Carboniferous, on feldspars from diorite bodies closely related tomineralization and on whole rocks from ore-hosting strata (carbonate rocks) in the Tongling area, Anhui Prov-ince. Through a comparison of Pb isotope features of these geological bodies, it has been suggested that oresubstances of the deposits were derived from ore-hosting strata. In the meanwhile, the measurement of ore Pbisotopes of different mineralization types of the same deposit indicates that different mineralization types havedistinct Pb isotope characteristics, showing the potentiality of the Pb isotopic method used in mineral explora-tion.

REE geochemistry of the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province,Southeast China

Detailed REE and trace elements geochemical studies of the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province, China, and rock-forming minerals such as garnet were conducted and the results showed that the REEs are partly present in the rock-forming minerals and are dominantly contained in the lattice of accessory minerals. In the process of metamorphism the REEs between garnet porphyroblast and rock and the partitioning of REEs between garnet and the host rock is obviously controlled by the chemical composition of the system. The REEs compositions of metamorphic veins and their minerals display remarked lanthanide tetrad effects and the element pairs Zr-Hf, Y-Ho, Pb-Nd and U-Th have also experienced a certain degree of fractionation with respect to the metasedimentary rocks and they can be used as discriminating indicators to some extent for the occurrence of fluid processes in the process of metamorphism of the Zhoutan Group.

Discovery of the World's Second Largest Molybdenum Deposit in the Shapinggou Area,Jinzhai County,Anhui Province

In the year of 2011, a superlarge molybdenum deposit was discovered in the Shapinggou area, Jinzhai county, Anhui Province by the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Province, with its reserve more than 2.2 million ton, just next to the Klimax molybdenum deposit （〉3.3 million ton） in Colorado. It has ranged the world＇s second largest molybdenum deposit, with potential economic value up to 100 billion dollars.

The Forming Mechanisms of the Neoproterozoic Molartooth Carbonatites in North Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces

As a characteristic sedimentary type,molartooth carbonatites veins(MCV) can be found in almost all the Neoproterozoic carbonatite strata in the North Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces.But their forming mechanism is still an enigma,and more than four incompatible forming hypotheses have been put forward according to the structures,mineral components and elements of the MCV.Though all the MCV with the similar shape

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATERENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONTIGUOUSREGION OF JIANGSU,SHANGDONG,HENANAND ANHUI PROVINCES

Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.

The geochemical characteristics and oil-source rock correlation of oilshow from the Majiashan profile, Chaoxian County, South of Anhui Province

In the future time the exploration of marine oil and gas will be one of the significant domains in China. In this paper the biomarker assemblage characteristics of oilshow in the Nanlinghu Formation of the Majiashan pro- file, which is located in Chaoxian County, south of Anhui Province, are described in the light of gas chromatogra- phy/mass spectrometric (GCMS) analysis on the qualitative and quantitative basis. Based on the investigation of the biomarker assemblage characteristics of possible source rocks developed in the area studied, a conclusion is drawn that the oilshow was generated from the Nanlinghu Formation source rocks (abbreviated as T1n), instead of the Qixia Formation source rocks (abbreviated as P1q). It is pointed out that the T1n is of strong potential for future oil explora- tion, and therefore much attention should be paid to it.

Preliminary Study on the Occurrence of Maize Diseases in Anhui Province

The occurrence of maize diseases was systematically studied at different growth stages of maize in different areas of Anhui Province. It was found that maize has a long optimal growth period in Anhui Province, and the maize planting structure is complex. The northern region is mainly planted with summer maize in large scale, while the southern region is mainly planted with spring maize in scattered pattern. In terms of diseases, the south spring maize suffered from more diverse diseases than the north summer maize. The main maize disease in Suzhou, Bozhou, Fuyang and Bengbu areas was southern rust, which was common with the highest diseased plant rate of 76%. The main maize diseases in Lu'an, Anqing, Chizhou, Tongling and Xuancheng were rust, maize rough dwarf virus(MRDV), southern leaf blight and sheath blight. Other diseases such as northern leaf blight, stalk rot and maize smut occurred commonly. The diseased plant rate of maize rust was in the range of 25%-47%.

Position and Role of the Soil and Water Conservation in Building Ecological Province of Anhui

According to the strategic position of ecological environment in building ecological province of Anhui, we discussed the position and role of soil and water conservation in ecological environment construction and ecological province, and put forward development suggestion of soil and water conservation under new situation.

Mesorif Gabbros(External Rif, North Morocco): Ophiolitic Suture Witness or a “Newly Discovered” Manifestation of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province?

The Rif Mountain located in Northern Morocco represents the westernmost extremity of the Peri-Mediterranean Alpine orogenic system.This belt is classically subdivided into:1)Internal zones(or Internal Rif which is an allochthonous metamorphic domain known worldwide thanks to the presence of large peridotite outcrops);2)flysch zones(sediments corresponding to the original cover of the Maghrebian Tethys);and 3)External zones(or External Rif representing the North African margin remnants).The External Rif is itself subdivided into Prerif,Mesorif and Intrarif domains from the South to the North and is composed by Upper Triassic to Cenozoic sediments structured in a nappe stack.Mafic rock intrusions were reported in this External Rif since the preliminary geological studies even if they were wrongly mapped as"granites".Later careful fieldwork and mapping studies specified nevertheless their gabbroic nature.A more recent petrological and geochemical study of a few outcrops of those gabbroic intrusions conducted the corresponding authors,encouraged by the presence of ultramafic rocks(Beni Malek serpentines)in the eastern part of the External Rif to consider those gabbros as oceanic and so,associated to"an ophiolitic suture".Nevertheless,a recent and extended survey on the architecture and the rifting history of the Mesozoic margin of the Maghrebian Tethys focusing mainly on the Mesorif domain favor another interpretation.The detailed petrography of those mafic intrusions(mainly gabbros+dolerites and rarely extrusive rocks);their geochemical fingerprints and mainly their geochronological data(ages around 200 Ma based on U-Pb zircon LA-ICP dating)all together indicate clearly that those mafic intrusions are rather a"newly discovered"manifestation of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province activity"CAMP"in the External Rif belt.The CAMP magmatism has been largely well described and characterized in all the other geological domains of Morocco(Anti-Atlas,High Atlas,Middle Atlas and Meseta)but never described until the date in the Rif belt which highlights the importance of the results reported here.

Environmental Implication of Subaqueous Lava Flows from A Continental Large Igneous Province: Examples from the Moroccan Central Atlantic Magmatic Province(CAMP)

The Early Jurassic volcanic sequence of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province(CAMP)of Morocco is classically subdivided into four stratigraphic units:the Lower,Middle,Upper and Recurrent Formations separated

A Study of Chondrules in the Boxian Meteorite from Anhui Province, China

The types of chondrules in the Boxian meteorite have been determined Electron microprobe nalvsis ofvarious textural types of chondrules in the meteorite has revealed the composition ofglassy chondrules and oftheir glassy matrix,Also presented in this paper are the related explanations.In addition.the genesis,texturaldiversity and evolution of the chondrules as well as the olivine girdles observed in the chondrules arediscussed.

THE MECHANICAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THEBURIED HILLS AND THE DEEP-SEATED FRACTURAL ZONE IN THE DIWA-TYPE FAULTED BASIN IN CENTRAL HEBEI PROVINCE,CHINA

The author proves the existence and movement of a deep-seated fraetural Zone located in the eenter zone of the diwa-type faulted basin in central Hebei Province. This deep-seated fraeturai zone tending in NNE direction is a structural effect of the mtodle East Asin Grustobody in the Mexozoic-Cenozoic. This paper will diseuss the formation, evolution and the meehanism of the deep-seated fraetural zone, faulted basin and the buried hills as well as their relationships. The uthor expounds that the deep geological process is the major factor of the structural effect.

Structural Origin of the Red-Ribbon Style Iron Ores in the Xinyu Iron Deposit,Central Jiangxi Province

The Xinyu iron deposit, located in central Jiangxi Province, is one of the most important BIF-type deposits in China. It is hosted in the Late Proterozoic volcanic- sedimentary rocks, which are composed of sericite- chlorite pyhllite, magnetite-bearing chlorite phyllite or schist, magnetite quartzite, and schist （Yu et al., 1989; Zeng et al., 2011）.