Three Development Stages for the Tibetan Family and Tibet's Modernization——A Survey of Social Changes in Tibet in Last 50 Years

I Since 1990, as a person in charge of key research projects of the China Tibetology Research Center, I have had opportunities almost every year to conduct field surveys on anthropology in Tibet together with my colleagues. Our investigations focus on the family. The purpose of our surveys is to see social changes in Tibet during the 50 years after the Democratic Reform through the study of the family as a social cell.

An in-depth view of climate change:addressing climate change while making a transition on the development mode

While fossil fuels greatly contribute to human society,they pose great challenges to natural resources,the environment,and climate change.Developed countries,like the United States,formulated strategic measures to ensure their sustainable development and leading positions in the world.These measures include new green policies,development of shale gas,revitalization of nuclear power,energy independence,reindustrialization,and new low-carbon development based on a combination of Internet technology and renewable energy.Developing countries are also trying to introduce balanced strategies of poverty alleviation and sustainable development.Globally,industrial civilization is being transformed to ecological civilization and green,low-carbon development is a global trend.Addressing climate change provides new strategic factors to further this development.China should take substantial actions to realize sustainable development in a new road:China is in the critical stage of changing its development mode,so it is vital to choose an appropriate development path.This extensive development comes at the high price of consuming too much resources and scarring the environment.Mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing climate change can help the transition of development.Based on the analysis of the development data of developed countries,the author introduces the concept of"two-type developed countries"with an understanding that not all developed countries must take the same development mode.He also holds the view that China should achieve modernization in a more energy-saving and more carbon-efficient manner compared with that of two-type developed countries.An analysis of"two competitions"that China is facing shows that changing the developing mode is urgent and China should grasp this opportunity in the next five to ten years,which is a key period for this transition.This paper discusses the low-carbon development goals and the three-step process.Low-carbon development does not necessarily restrict economic development.It,however,can expedite the transition of the development mode and this is a low-carbon and green development path.Transition of the development mode includes implementation of China's green and low-carbon energy strategies,low-carbon society construction,development of agriculture and forestry,garbage sorting and utilization,innovation of urbanization,etc.Improvement of national infrastructure construction includes water safety,environment and climate monitoring system,intelligent energy web,basic database,etc.Addressing climate change can significantly improve the nation's basic research level.In summary,it mitigates backward production capability,extensive development,and environmental damage while promoting technological advancement,scientific development,and ecological civilization.

Analysis on the Spatio-Temporal Changes of Sustainable Land Use in Tibet

By constructing evaluation indicator system of sustainable land use of Tibet from three aspects of ecological environment, economic development, resources and social advancement, this article studies the following contents respectively in two dimensions of time and space： the changes of sustainable land use of Tibet in recent 20 years and spatial characteristics of sustainable land use of Tibet in 2002. The following conclusions can be drawn from evaluation results .① With regard to com- prehensive evaluation value of sustainable land use, the trend of Tibet sustainable land use evaluation values from 1983 to 2002 are very close to the comprehensive evaluation values of ecological environment, which is up trend; ② sustainable utilization degree of land use in eastern region of Tibet is much higher than that of western region. ③ the sustainable land use evaluation value of Nyingtri County is the highest, and the counties with relatively higher land sustainable use values include Lhasa, Lhoka, Chamdo. While Nakchu, Ngari, Shigatse counties have the relatively lower evaluation values; ④ By analyzing each evaluation indicator＇s weight on sustainable land use, it can be concluded that the key limiting factors of sustainable Tibet land resource utilization are land desertification, grassland degradation and low economic level.

English Vocabulary and Social Development

社会发展与英语词汇发展、英语词义变化、新生英文词汇出现的存在密切的关系。由于语言尤其是英语是随着社会发展而不断变化发展的,因此人们在学习英语词汇的时候要考虑到社会因素的影响,从而使得语言准确、达意。

DESERTIFICATION HAZARD AND FARMING-GRAZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LINGWU-YANCHI REGION OF NINGXIA

１ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＯＦＤＥＳＥＲＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＰＨＹＳＩＣＡＬＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＨＵＭＡＮＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＩＮＬＩＮＧＷＵＹＡＮＣＨＩＲＥＧＩＯＮＴｈｅｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｈａｚａｒｄｉｎＬｉ...

Exploring the nexus between Indian forestry and the Sustainable Development Goals

Forests are considered as a sacred asset in India and have guided the way of living throughout its history.Indian forests not only accommodate the myriad species but also act as a survival support system to the communities that depended on them.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposed by the United Nations(UN)has gained momentum and becomes an integral part of the recent efforts of Indian governance.In this investigation,we examined the potential nexus between Indian forestry system(biodiversity-enriched assets,ecosystem services,constitutional mechanisms,and governances)and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)through theoretical underpinnings from literature that selected from database like Google Scholar,Indian forest survey reports,and information retrieved from Indian government websites.The significance of this review is that it presents comprehensive information about Indian forestry,biodiversity-rich assets,and sustainable forest management practices.The results show that Indian forestry as a whole is an integral part of the food-energy-water cycle and contributes to all dimensions of sustainable development,i.e.,economic sustainability,social sustainability,and environmental sustainability.The investigation confirms that besides partly contributing to the economy and life support systems to many dependent species,forests also act as boosters in the areas of food security and health.Targets related to the climate action,peace,and partnership goals are well in place through various forestry interventions and environmental commitments by the Government of India.

Is Tourism the (Only) Best “Choice” for Community Rehabilitation and Development?

Economic conditions,societies,and current changes make many communities in Thailand face changes in occupation and life,especially suburban communities which face loneliness and sluggishness.With this problem,renovation and development of communities ensue.Many communities have changed their image to be the“tourism community”,the result of which is generally perceived as either failure or success.According to this phenomenon,the author would like to present a story through a case study of Pak Nam Prasae Community,Klaeng District,Rayong Province.The author had an opportunity to conduct a participatory action research with collaboration for the main objectives which are to support knowledge body that leads the community out of loneliness and sluggishness and to create tourism activities.Nowadays,this community has become a popular tourist attraction,which is promoted as part of the national tourism by Tourism Authority of Thailand.The author would like to present both sides of the development through the tool called“tourism”which was employed by the community as a new approach to maintain,renovate,and develop the community.Even though in the initial stage,promotion and support from the external network were important,the most important thing is the cost of community in certain aspects that support the community to insist,improve,and connect to new networks by itself.On the other hand,the community will have to face with new different issues and challenges,especially in terms of management and share of benefit gained from using the local resources to develop the tourism in the community.According to these two pieces of information,after all,whether“tourism”is the best tool for development is an important issue that the community has to consider.

中国社会变迁与人的发展:多元建构观点和相关研究

当代全球化背景下的社会变迁导致了不同价值观和生活方式共存和整合,构成了人的发展的新的环境。在中国的社会变迁过程中,与市场化相匹配的价值观(如竞争性、独立性、自我表现)和传统价值观(如社会关系,服从集体,自我控制)在人的社会和心理适应中具有不同的功能。不同文化的碰撞和整合也可能促进新的行为品质的产生,有利于增强人们应对各种情境的能力。根据多元建构观点,群体水平上的社会互动过程,如同伴团体活动中的社会评价和反应及其对个体行为的调节,在社会变迁和文化整合对人的发展的影响中起着关键作用。群体中的行为规范与评价标准的变化通过社会互动过程不仅会影响个体认知、行为和情绪的展现水平,而且也影响它们的功能性意义。本文首先回顾这一领域里的主要理论框架及其在中国情境中应用的问题,并在此基础上着重讨论社会变迁与人的发展的多元建构观点。接着,在对中国儿童独特的气质特征和基于传统文化的社会化方式考察后,进一步从多元建构角度讨论中国当代社会变迁对人的发展的影响的相关研究,包括专刊论文中报告的研究。最后,本文对这一领域的发展方向提出一些建议。

改革开放以来中国社会流行语变迁的分期研究

改革开放以来中国社会流行语的历史演进,既与社会变革同频共振,又与传媒发展有着千丝万缕的联系;既与不同时代人的价值诉求同生共长,又与多元文化相互包容。从历时性的角度回顾改革开放以来中国社会流行语的演变历程,经历了“思想解放”文化启蒙时代、“全民造词”大众文化时代、“泛娱乐化”网络文化时代、“众语喧哗”草根文化时代四个阶段,每个阶段流行语在流行语主体、流行语内容、流行语媒介等方面呈现鲜明的时代差异,成为折射社会现实、反映热点事件、彰显社会心态的语言表征。文章对改革开放以来中国社会流行语的发展和变迁进行了系统梳理,参照传媒的发展历程来观察社会流行语的变迁,力求对流行语进行精准的分期,探析流行语内在变化规律,研究流行语背后的文化变迁,以把握时代脉搏,加强流行语的价值引领。

社交商务平台的同质性、茧房效应及破解策略研究

社交商务作为数字经济的重要组成,拥有巨大的市场潜力,但也面临着平台发展模式同质化等问题,导致形成固化用户的自我认识和网络信息行为的信息茧房。由于社交媒体的多样性、群体关系复杂性,茧房效应与社交商务结合的研究有待进一步挖掘。通过中国知网和Web of Science核心集,截至2023年3月31日,检索并筛选获取606篇相关文献,运用社会网络分析方法进行分析。其中300篇中文文献重点探讨个性化推荐算法对信息茧房形成的影响,306篇英文文献更多关注信息茧房与平台和用户行为之间的关系。基于信息茧房相关概念的研究明确其内涵和特征,根据平台、算法和用户3个维度的作用机制分析构建信息同质化视角下信息茧房形成机制框架,即社交平台内外部信息趋同导致了用户选择同质化、平台内容同质化以及用户群体同质化问题,并以正反馈的形式不断加强,最终形成信息茧房。由此,基于同质化视角,分别从政府、平台和用户3个主体层面提出社交商务平台应对信息茧房的策略。

多维度视角下我国民营医院发展变化研究

目的:基于多维度视角下对民营医院发展变化进行研究,为推动民营医院建设发展和相关部门出台政策提供借鉴。方法:采用描述性分析法,从服务规模、人员配置、财务状况、医疗服务量、医疗服务效率5个维度选取21个指标,对2010-2021年民营医院与公立医院进行分析与比较。结果:民营医院数量与床位数量扩张迅速;各类卫生人员数量年均增速均高于公立医院,2021年医护比高于公立医院;总资产、总收入及总支出均呈快速增长趋势,远高于同期公立医院增长速度;民营医院医疗服务量相关指标平均增速均为负值,公立医院均为正值;民营医院床位使用率低,平均住院日呈上升趋势,人均每日担负诊疗人次呈波动式下降趋势。结论:提升运营效能,打造差异化发展,促进民营医院发展从“量的积累”转为“质的提升”;借助合作,补短板创新机,实现跨越式发展;加大政策扶持力度,推动民营医院健康规范发展。

中国式现代化进程中共同富裕的理论蕴涵与实践路径

中国式现代化进程中的共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。共同富裕是物质生活与精神生活的双重富裕,但不是整齐划一的平均主义。在中国式现代化进程中推进共同富裕面临着人民总体富裕程度有待提升、发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出、分配制度体系仍需完善、精神生活共同富裕发展滞缓等现实阻碍。新时代新征程推进共同富裕是一项系统工程,通过大力发展生产力,实现经济高质量发展;统筹城乡与区域,缩小地区发展差距;兼顾效率与公平,完善收入分配制度及推进文化自信自强,丰富人民精神世界来扎实推进共同富裕。

Relationships between climate change, agricultural development and social stability in the Hexi Corridor over the last 2000 years

This case study of the Hexi Corridor, Northwestern China, utilizes statistical methods to estimate quantitatively the interaction at a regional level between climate change, ancient social developments, and political coping strategies over the past 2000 years. The data is sourced from high-resolution reconstructions of climate series(temperature and precipitation), and historical records of cultivated land, war, population, and changes in regional administrative systems. The results show that moisture conditions played a more significant role than temperature in driving land reclamation in the Hexi Corridor. Analysis also showed a negative correlation between war frequency and the area of cultivated land in the Corridor over 20-year time intervals. Population growth was found to have a significant positive correlation with the cultivated land area during the study period. The results indicate that a climate-induced decline in agricultural production and the subsequent fluctuations in population could act as a trigger for social unrest, which is especially true at the mutual decadal time-scales. However, the interaction with administrative reform also suggests that, in the face of social and economic turmoil, a reasonable administrative hierarchy could strengthen the social governance of regional government, and promote social stability and economic development at a regional level. The study substantiates this notion with empirical quantitative evidence.

知识生产模式变革视角下高校社会服务的现实悖论与能力提升

从知识生产模式变革进程的梳理中我们可以发现其与高校的社会服务职能的变化发展呈现共生演进的关系,并逐步体现出知识生产模式变革过程的特征规律和系统化、分类化的发展趋势。知识生产模式变革中呈现出诸多矛盾特征,其冲突发展使得高校社会服务有悖于应有规律,出现了一定的现实悖论。从兼顾与平衡知识生产模式变革特征的角度出发,能有效提升高校的社会服务能力。

Culture Vacancy in Translation of Chinese and English Idioms

Idioms always carry strong cultural characteristics of their own nations,so in idiom translation,culture vacancy is a common problem for translators and the way we deal with this problem may probably decide the quality of our translations.This thesis mainly discusses the definition and three main resources for culture vacancy.

社会需求与专业发展:应用型冰雪运动人才培养模式研究

2022年北京冬奥会的成功举办,促进了我国对冰雪运动的大众化推广与普及,工作也逐渐从缓慢发力、蓄势发力转为强势发力,整个业态呈现出勃勃生机。随着大众冰雪运动专业化程度的不断提高,对冰雪运动领域专业人才的需求也呈现出多样化、专业化、复杂化趋向。为此,以冰雪运动人才培养模式为研究对象,从社会需求与专业发展的角度,构建由“一体二翼三平台”的宏观维度与“一基础二结合三实操”的微观维度组成的多维应用型人才培养模式,旨在为培养适应冰雪运动发展的应用型人才奠定实践与理论基础。

传统交通方式与20世纪30年代初期西北社会经济变迁

20世纪30年代初,西北交通非常落后,主要交通方式仍沿用传统大车道和人畜力运输,现代化交通寥寥无几,这不仅影响中央政府对西北地方势力的政治统合,亦制约着当地社会经济的发展变迁:一是加速苏联垄断新疆商业贸易,危及边疆安全;二是阻碍西北商贸货物内外流通;三是禁锢西北社会风气改良,陈规陋俗铲除及先进思想文化传播;四是影响政府救济有效开展及矿产资源开发利用。传统落后的交通方式危及边疆安全,阻滞西北地区由农业社会向现代工业社会转型,由政府主导的开发西北交通迫在眉睫。新式交通建设在开发西北,保障边疆安全,实现西北社会现代化方面尤为重要。

新时代群众参与基层社会治理的生成逻辑、实践模式与发展路径

健全基层党组织领导的基层群众自治机制,加强基层组织建设,完善基层直接民主制度体系和工作体系,增强城乡社区群众自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督的实效是党的二十大提出的最新要求。群众参与是基层社会治理不可或缺的内容,尤其是当前正值全面建设中国式现代化新时代,群众参与基层社会治理得到日益关注和重视。总结群众参与基层社会治理的理论基础、制度变迁和实践经验,全面分析新时代群众参与基层社会治理特征表现,将新时代群众参与基层社会治理划分为党建引领、群众自主参与、社区民主协商以及基层社会多元融合4种模式,并分述每种模式的内涵、意义和作用。针对当前群众参与基层社会治理存在的制度建设不完善、路径渠道不畅通、信息沟通不充分等问题,以加强基层社会治理体系和治理能力现代化建设为视角,提出通过完善基层社会治理制度体系,健全基层社会治理协同机制,提升群众参与治理能力,增强社区群众的自我管理、自我服务、自我教育和自我监督实效,实现中国式现代化基层社会治理。