Application of New Water Flooding Characteristic Curve in the High Water-Cut Stage of an Oilfield

The oil production predicted by means of the conventional water-drive characteristic curve is typically affected by large deviations with respect to the actual value when the so-called high water-cut stage is entered.In order to solve this problem,a new characteristic relationship between the relative permeability ratio and the average water saturation is proposed.By comparing the outcomes of different matching methods,it is verified that it can well reflect the variation characteristics of the relative permeability ratio curve.Combining the new formula with a reservoir engineering method,two new formulas are derived for the water flooding characteristic curve in the high water-cut stage.Their practicability is verified by using the production data of Mawangmiao and Xijiakou blocks.The results show that the error between the predicted cumulative oil production and production data of the two new water drive characteristic curves is less than the error between the B-type water drive characteristic curve and the other two water drive characteristic curves.It is concluded that the two new characteristic curves can be used to estimate more accurately the recoverable reserves,the final recovery and to estimate the effects of water flooding.

Evaluation of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction and Dynamic Seismic Soil Pressures Acting on It Subjected to Strong Earthquake Motions

In order to clarify the damage mechanism of the subway structure, the dynamic soil-structure interaction and the dynamic forces acting on the structure, a series of shaking table tests and simulation analyses were performed. The seismic response of the structure and the dynamic forces acting on the structure due to sinusoidal and random waves were investigated with special attention to the dynamic soil-structure interaction. The result shows that the compression seismic soil pressures and extension seismic soil pressures simultaneously act on the sidewalls, and big shear stress also acts on the ceiling slab due to horizontal excitation. The seismic soil pressure could be approximated to hyperbola curve, and reached a peak value with increase of the shear strain of the model ground. In addition, a slide and exfoliation phenomenon between the structure and the surrounding ground was simulated, using the nonlinear analyses. The foundation is provided for amending the calculation method of seismic soil pressure and improving the anti-earthquake designing level of underground structure.

Simplified Method and Influence Factors of Vibration Characteristics of Isolated Curved Girder Bridge

The isolated curved girder bridge's vibration characteristics play a major part in the seismic responses of structures and anti-seismic properties.A clear analytic relationship between design parameters and the system's vibration characteristics could be established by its simplified dynamic analysis model,making it convenient for providing a reference to the optimization of design and safety analysis.A double-mass six-degree-of-freedom model for curved girder bridges with isolation bearings installed at the top of the bridge piers is built and a simplified analysis method for the vibration characteristics of the system is provided.Combined with the Matlab programming,the influences of radius of curvature,central angle,bridge deck width and damping ratio of the isolation layer and circular frequency of the isolation layer of isolated curved girder bridges on the pseudo-undamped natural circular frequency(called pseudo-frequency for short)and system damping ratio are systematically analyzed,and the sensitivity of vibration characteristics of isolated curved girder bridges is studied.The results show that the vibration characteristics of isolated curved girder bridges can be reflected well with this simplified model and calculation method.The pseudo-frequency of curved girder and system damping ratios increases with the increase of the isolation layer.The third-order vibration characteristic is more sensitive to the parameters of a curved girder,and the first-order vibration characteristic is sensitive to both central angle and radius of curvature to some extent while insensitive to the width of the bridge deck.Furthermore,the second-order vibration characteristic is not sensitive to the parameters of a curved girder.

Integrative method in lithofacies characteristics and 3D velocity volume of the Permian igneous rocks in H area, Tarim Basin

This paper introduces horizon control, seismic control, logging control and facies control methods through the application of the least squares fitting of logging curves, seismic inversion and facies-controlled techniques. Based on the microgeology and thin section analyses, the lithology, lithofacies and periods of the Permian igneous rocks are described in detail. The seismic inversion and facies-controlled techniques were used to find the distribution characteristics of the igneous rocks and the 3D velocity volume. The least squares fitting of the logging curves overcome the problem that the work area is short of density logging data. Through analysis of thin sections, the lithofacies can be classified into eruption airfall subfacies, eruption pyroclastic flow subfacies and eruption facies.

The New Formula of Seismic Rigidity Method

This publication is a revised version of the previous article. Seismic rigidity method despite its widespread use is the object of harsh criticism from scientists who oppose it to the methodology and results of seismological registration of earthquakes and microseisms. The article substantiates the original approach based on the solution of the direct problem of seismic microzonation for the model of real soil thickness. A new formula of the seismic rigidity method is proposed, taking into account the lithological, hydrogeological and spectral features of the soil mass, as well as the position of the new seismic scale of the SSI. The formula was tested on the example of the correct description of the features of macroseismic effects on the territory of Leninakan at the Spitak earthquake in 1988. Linear estimates according to the formula of seismic rigidity in the seismic microzoning area represent changes in seismic intensity in the most contrast way. It is shown that the real estimates of seismic intensity under strong seismic effects (by I > VII degree) will not exceed those given by the formula of the seismic rigidity method.

Evaluation of collapse resistance of RC frame structures for Chinese schools in seismic design categories B and C

According to the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB50011-2001）, ten typical reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures, used as school classroom buildings, are designed with different seismic fortification intensities （SFIs） （SFI=6 to 8.5） and different seismic design categories （SDCs） （SDC=B and C）. The collapse resistance of the frames with SDC=B and C in terms of collapse fragility curves are quantitatively evaluated and compared via incremental dynamic analysis （IDA）. The results show that the collapse resistance of structures should be evaluated based on both the absolute seismic resistance and the corresponding design seismic intensity. For the frames with SFI from 6 to 7.5, because they have relatively low absolute seismic resistance, their collapse resistance is insufficient even when their corresponding SDCs are upgraded from B to C. Thus, further measures are needed to enhance these structures, and some suggestions are proposed.

Incremental dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams including base and lift joints

The growth in computer processing power has made it possible to use time-consuming analysis methods such as incremental dynamic analysis（IDA） with higher accuracy in less time.In an IDA study,a series of earthquake records are applied to a structure at successively increasing intensity levels,which causes the structure to shift from the elastic state into the inelastic state and finally into collapse.In this way,the limit-states and capacity of a structure can be determined.In the present research,the IDA of a concrete gravity dam considering a nonlinear concrete behavior,and sliding planes within the dam body and at the dam-foundation interface,is performed.The influence of the friction angle and lift joint slope on the response parameters are investigated and the various limit-states of the dam are recognized.It is observed that by introducing a lift joint,the tensile damage can be avoided for the dam structure.The lift joint sliding is essentially independent of the base joint friction angle and the upper ligament over the inclined lift joint slides into the upstream direction in strong earthquakes.

A new bracing system for improvement of seismic performance of steel jacket type offshore platforms with float-over-deck

In this paper, the seismic response of a newly designed steel jacket offshore platform with a float over deck （FOD） system in the Persian Gulf was investigated through incremental dynamic analysis. Comparison of incremental dynamic analysis results for both directions of the platform shows that the lateral strength of the platform in the float over direction is less than its lateral strength in other direction. Dynamic characteristics measurement of a scale model of platform was also performed using forced vibration tests. From experimental measurement of the scaled model, it was observed that dynamic characteristic of the platform is different in the float over direction compared to the other direction. Therefore, a new offshore installed bracing system for the float over direction was proposed for improvement of seismic performance of this type of platform. Finally, the structure with the modified system was assessed using the probabilistic seismic assessment method as well as experimental measurement of its dynamic characteristics. It was observed that the proposed offshore installed bracing system improves the performance of platforms subjected to strong ground motion.

Static and dynamic inelastic P-Δ effect for seismic design

Seismic influence of P-Δ effect is the subject of this study.First,it is pointed out that the elastic static amplification factor shall be isolated in formulating the dynamic inelastic second order effect.An amplification factor for the static inelastic P-Δ effect is derived.Seismic force reduction factors(SFRF)for given ductility and stability coefficients are computed for one-story,one-span frames.The P-Δ amplification factors for seismic base shears are obtained by dividing SFRFs with and without P-Δ effect.Both P-Δ amplification factors and SFRFs are presented separately with two kinds of period abscissas.The P-Δ amplification factors are dependent on periods with the maximum occurring at about 0.75 s for site type C and approach to the static inelastic counterpart at long periods.Post-yield stiffness cannot fully counteract the adverse impact of the P-Δ effect.Formulas for seismic P-Δ amplification factors are proposed and compared to results of others.Collapse capacity spectra(CCS)are reviewed and their application in codes discussed.Available CCSs are compared with SFRFs with finite ductility computed for two ensembles of seismic records.A comparison reveals that the SFRFs are affected by seismic records,and available CCSs do not always provide upper limits for the SFRFs when stability coefficients are greater than 0.1 for frame models.

Seismic Response Analysis of Silo-Stock-Foundation Interaction System

To analyze the response law of silo-stock-foundation interaction system under seismic load, a dynamic equation of this interaction system was established. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the silo-stock-foundation interaction system under different storage conditions were studied through numerical analysis. The displacement at the silo top was much greater than that at the silo bottom, while the vibration trend of the upper and lower silos on the same bus bar was similar. The acceleration response, dis-placement and stress response of the structure increased with the increase of the input seismic wave. Furthermore, the direction time responses of several typical silo parts were consistent. With increase in storage material, the acceleration peak of the silo and bulk material increased and then decreased. This indicates that the relative motion of the storage material and silo had a damping effect on the silo system. The maximum circumferential strain and equivalent stress of silos with different storage capacities were recorded at the variable section of silos (the top of funnel). The effective stress beneath foundations near silos was obviously higher than that far away from silos. These results can provide a reliable theoretical basis and reference values for mitigating silo structural failures under seismic load.

Comparison between Different Shapes of Structure by Response Spectrum Method of Dynamic Analysis

Several procedures for non-linear static and dynamic analysis of structures have been developed in recent years. In this paper, the response spectrum analysis is performed on two different shapes i.e. regular and irregular shape of structure by using STAAD PRO. And the comparison results are studied and compared accounting for the earthquake characteristics and the structure dynamic characteristics. As the results show that the earthquake response peak values and the main response frequencies are very close and comparable. It can be referred to by the engineering applications.

动态增强磁共振成像定量参数联合表观扩散系数值对外周带前列腺癌的诊断价值研究

目的探究动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数联合表观扩散系数(ADC)值诊断外周带早期前列腺癌的价值。方法选取2019年2月至2021年12月经穿刺病理学检查确诊为外周带早期前列腺癌31例和前列腺炎27例为研究对象。患者均进行DCE-MRI定量参数检查,以病理学检查结果为金标准,分析不同患者的DCE-MRI特征。并采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分析基于DCE-MRI定量参数与扩散加权成像(DWI)序列对外周带早期前列腺癌与前列腺炎的诊断价值。结果31例前列腺癌患者中,T2加权成像(T2WI)以外周带结节状低信号为主,占58.06%;DWI以结节状、弥漫性高信号,ADC值下降为主,占51.61%;DCE-MRI可见病灶早期强化,以延迟后病灶造影剂退出,强化曲线呈流出型为主,占64.52%。27例前列腺炎患者中,T2WI以外周带单侧或双侧弥漫性不均匀低信号为主,占51.85%;DWI可见外周带单侧或双侧不规则高信号,ADC值降低为主,占59.26%;DCE-MRI可见病灶早期强化,以延迟后造影剂退出不明显,强化曲线呈流入型为主,占81.48%。外周带早期前列腺癌患者ADC值低于前列腺炎,速率常数(Kep)值、转移常数(K^(trans))高于前列腺炎(P<0.05)。DCE-MRI定量参数联合ADC值诊断外周带早期前列腺癌的AUC为0.862(95%CI:0.659,0.865)、敏感度为87.10%,特异度为81.48%,准确度为84.48%,阳性预测值为84.38%,阴性预测值为84.62%。结论DCE-MRI定量参数联合ADC值对外周带早期前列腺癌的诊断效能良好,能显著提高临床检出率,为疾病的诊断与治疗提供依据。

110 kV干式空心并联电抗器振动台试验与易损性研究

电抗器是变电站的重要设备之一,上部线圈由底部陶瓷绝缘子支撑,整体尺寸大、重心高。由于结构形式的特殊性,其在地震作用下的动力响应较为复杂。本文对110 kV干式空心并联电抗器进行了振动台试验研究,通过白噪声测定了电抗器的自振频率和阻尼比;在0.15g和0.5g人工地震动输入下,测量了电抗器关键部位的应变、加速度和位移响应,分析了电抗器在地震作用下的动力响应规律,探讨了电抗器的可能破坏模式,进一步计算了电抗器的地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明:电抗器的动力特性近似于单自由度体系,一阶自振频率为3.3 Hz,阻尼比为3.9%;电抗器在地震作用下的变形主要发生在绝缘子以及绝缘子-线圈连接部位,上部线圈可认为是刚体;与绝缘子相比,绝缘子-线圈连接部位的刚度较小,变形更集中,是电抗器的薄弱部位;0.15g人工地震动试验后,电抗器自振频率下降3.6%,0.5g人工地震动试验后,电抗器自振频率下降6.3%;根据绝缘子实测应变,考虑地震作用与其他荷载产生的总应力,电抗器的安全系数为2.14,仍然具有一定的安全储备;基于试验结果计算电抗器的地震易损性,抗震能力中值为0.965g,对数标准差为0.4。

考虑螺栓滑移效应的角钢输电塔抗震性能研究

为研究螺栓滑移效应对角钢输电塔抗震性能的影响,利用ABAQUS有限元软件中的非线性弹簧模拟角钢输电塔节点的刚度特性,建立考虑螺栓滑移效应的角钢输电塔有限元模型,基于数值模型开展角钢输电塔的动力特性、地震响应、失效倒塌和地震易损性分析.结果表明:考虑螺栓滑移效应后,角钢输电塔的振型不变但各阶自振频率有不同程度的降低,说明在传统设计方法中高估了角钢输电塔的整体刚度.考虑螺栓滑移效应后,角钢输电塔在地震作用下的主材轴力响应、塔身位移响应和易损性增加,其失效机理和倒塌形式也发生改变.在抗震设计中考虑螺栓滑移效应的影响有助于准确预测角钢输电塔的失效位置,对保障震区输电线路的可靠性与安全性有重要意义.

基于Ansys Workbench的双桁架码垛机械手动态性能分析

为了提高定制化门窗材码垛分类的效率,以双桁架码垛机械手为基础对静态、动态性能进行分析以满足定制化门窗材的码垛效率。针对双桁架码垛机械手在分类码垛过程中存在多种运动状态,在双桁架码垛机械手静态性能满足刚度和强度的基础上对其动态特性进行分析,动态特性分析采用模态和谐波响应方法。通过对双桁架码垛机械手的动态分析,得到了其在两个机械手不同频段时X、Y、Z向的位移量,通过响应曲线明确了频段对位移量的影响规律。两个机械手的响应曲线在规避特殊频率段以提高码垛效率、促进分类码垛的智能化发展具有重要意义。

新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥动力性能分析

对一种新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥结构开展了动力特性及抗震性能分析;以鄄城黄河大桥跨中箱梁段为例,建立组合箱梁桥的多尺度有限元模型,并与实测值进行了对比,验证了多尺度模型的有效性;基于此设计了该新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的截面参数,采用多尺度建模方法研究了各参数变化对箱梁动力特性的影响规律,通过地震反应谱法分析了该结构在各向地震作用下的结构响应。结果表明:箱梁横隔板的数量和厚度是结构动力特性的敏感参数,对结构的扭转刚度影响很大;增大波形钢腹板厚度可有效提高结构刚度,且刚度增大对频率的影响程度大于质量增大对频率的影响,建议腹板厚度宜设为20~30 mm;槽形钢板可有效提高截面的抗弯刚度,尤其对结构竖向弯曲模态影响较大;横向地震作用对混凝土顶板和横隔板应力的影响最大,纵向地震力对波形钢腹板应力的影响最大,竖向地震力对混凝土底板和槽形钢板的应力影响较大。

隧道纵向地震易损性分析

为研究隧道纵向抗震性能,使用改进的地基梁-弹簧非线性分析模型计算隧道纵向地震响应,其中采用PQ-Fiber纤维梁模型模拟隧道纵向的非线性行为,并施加弯矩来考虑隧道与场地之间的切向相互作用。随后,将基于增量动力分析(IDA)方法的结构地震易损性分析方法应用于隧道结构,探究适用于隧道结构的地震动强度指标(IM)。选取12条近场地震记录,用于IDA分析隧道纵向的抗震性能水平。将概率地震需求模型与工程需求参数相结合,建立结构的地震易损性曲线。结果表明,峰值速度(PGV)是适用于隧道纵向抗震性能的地震动强度指标;场地类型对隧道纵向损伤程度的影响最为深远,其中Ⅰ类场地在地震作用下损伤概率最大。此外,将计算所得易损性曲线与经验易损性曲线和横向易损性曲线进行对比分析,验证了模型的可行性,为隧道结构的抗震设计提供了一定的参考。

基于P波斜入射海相软土区螺旋桩动力响应分析

在地震频发地区,越来越多建筑使用螺旋桩作为基础,此桩型具有良好的抗震能力。通过建立三维有限元模型,基于黏弹性人工边界,把地震作用等效为边界结点上的作用力。该研究考虑动静边界转换的影响,最后建立了具有黏弹性边界的螺旋桩-土体三维模型。探讨了处于海相软土场地下,不同种类地震波、地震强度、入射角度和螺旋叶片个数对螺旋桩轴力、弯矩和动力p-y曲线的影响。结果表明,相比较于弯矩,入射角度对轴力和动力p-y曲线的影响较大。除此之外,地震强度对弯矩的影响较大,而地震波频率和螺旋叶片个数对其影响较小。不同地面峰值加速度(0.05g,0.10g,0.30g)时,随着入射角度的改变,螺旋桩受到最大和最小弯矩的差值从144.1 N·m增加到了891 N·m。通过该研究结论,不仅可以得出软土场地下螺旋桩-土体的相互作用关系,也能为螺旋桩抗震设计提供依据。

科学突破主题的学科交叉演化特征分析

本研究在领域主题粒度上探究学科交叉对科学突破的影响,推进对科学突破动力机制的认知。通过分析时序数据动态变化特征,揭示新兴研究主题的突破性潜力及其学科交叉特征。首先从新兴研究主题中识别科学突破主题,之后分析不同类别中科学突破主题的学科交叉特征,进而分析科学突破主题及其知识基础文献的被引量与学科交叉数量增减演进趋势的一致性,最后测度科学突破主题的被引量与其学科交叉数量时间序列之间的预测因果关系,以此探究科学突破的产生与学科交叉的关联。以干细胞领域为例开展实证研究发现,科学突破主题的学科交叉特征可划为三个类别,且科学突破主题与其知识基础在被引量和学科交叉数量的增减演进趋势上存在较高的一致性,大多科学突破主题被引量时间序列与学科交叉数量时间序列间的预测因果关系并不显著,因此不能仅用学科交叉数量指标识别或预判科学突破主题。本研究为更好地理解科学突破研究的特征提供了有用的线索与有益的启示。