Application and Regulation of Legal Science and Technology on the Pilot Program of the Reform of Separation between Complicated Cases and Simple Ones in Civil Procedure in the Basic People’s Courts

Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court informatization.The Supreme People’s Court is currently carrying out the pilot reform of separation between complicated and simple cases in civil procedure,and legal technology will inevitably become a major means to enable the reform.In the field of electronic litigation,legal technology itself has become a goal of the reform.Regarding the trials of pilot basic courts,legal technology has been more deeply applied in many links such as trial activities and trial management,playing an essential role in improving judicial efficiency,and becoming an important way to solve judicial dilemmas such as“litigation explosion.”However,the history of modern society reminds us that we should be reasonably optimistic about the development of technology,especially in the field of justice.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

Study on the Application of the Restrictive Admission in the Newly-Revised Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Procedures

The Supreme People’s Court classifies admission into two types-complete admission and restrictive admission-according to the degree and scope of admission.Article 7 of the newly-revised Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Procedures provides clear rules for restrictive admission,which is divided into partial admission and conditional admission.In judicial practice,it is relatively easier to identify partial admission.However,the determination of conditional admission entails further considerations regarding whether there is a legal nexus between the attached condition and the admitted fact.Therefore,this study argues that there is a lack of unified rules regarding the applicability of restrictive admission in practice.Starting from the examples from the Supreme People’s Court,this study analyzed the application of conditional admission in judicial practice,as well as the problems and causes in the application of restrictive admission in practice.This article also explores the route to perfecting the rules of restrictive admission from the perspectives of its definition,classification,the onus probandi(burden of proof)and supporting mechanisms.

Medical transportation and the contribution of air medical evacuation in isolated mountainous areas of Greece-Case study,Municipality of Agrafa

In every emergency medical situation,access to emergency medical services is an inalienable right of any citizen.The average acceptable time to provide first aid assistance is 60 minutes.In this paper,the possibility of using helicopters for air travel in mountainous areas was examined for the first time for all of Greece and especially for a mountainous and isolated area such as the Municipality of Agrafa.Initially,the time distance-virtual distance,from the hospitals was calculated at the national level of Greece,with an acceptable first contact time of 60 minutes(golden hour),i.e.,less than two hours from the nearest hospital to the incident and back to the hospital and the relevant conclusions are drawn.Then,the case study of Municipality of Agrafa,one of the most mountainous areas in Greece,was examined.The time distance of the settlements from the nearest primary health point,namely the Primary Health Centre(PHC)of West Fragkista,was calculated and the transportation by ground means was compared with the corresponding time by flying means,to investigate the contribution of air transportation or not,of the timely arrival of the patients in the appropriate health structure.Finally,possible helicopter landing locations were identified,using a geographic information system to facilitate the process of air medical transportation in the Municipality of Agrafa.

A study on the innovation of regional environmental management mechanism in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei area within the background of ecological civilization

Within the background of the need to promote the construction of ecological civilization and the current confl ict between the economic growth and the constraints of environment and resources, after a review of the theoretical study and practical exploration of ecological civilization, the article makes an analysis of the status quo of ecological civilization development in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei area, sums up the main problems there, and explores the development strategic framework to improve the regional ecological environment. It comes to the following conclusions: as the ecological and environmental problems in the BTH area are mainly the air pollution and so on, we should seek to build a mechanism of environmental management for sustainable development from the different aspects of industrial distribution, energy utilization, institution construction and market participation. We should capitalize on the chance to construct the ecological civilization, promote to change the regional economic growth pattern, improve the quality and effi ciency of development, and fi nally promote the synergetic development of ecological environment in the BTH area.

China's Criminal Law Reform from the Perspective of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights reflects the world’s perception of human rights, and is of vital importance in the field of international human rights. The Covenant has been signed by Chinese government. Although not ratified yet, it will definitely have an impact on the reform of China’s Criminal Law. Therefore, it is necessary to further change our notion of the criminal law system by defining the boundary between public power and civil rights and developing the view of human rights protection. In terms of the specific system, it is necessary to further reduce the number of crimes punishable by the death penalty and limit the application of the death sentence, improve China’s Criminal Procedural Law to protect the fundamental rights of suspects and defendants in terms of compulsory measures, investigation means and judicial form, and add some charges like enslavement and illegal human experimentation, which are criminalized around the world, so as to be in line with the requirements of international human rights protection.

Dynamic Comparison and Trend analysis of Southeast Guizhou's Experimental Area of Eco-civilization Construction and the National Eco-efficiency

In order to better understand the development level of eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction,we conduct dynamic comparison research of its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,using single ratio method based on the ecological footprint model,to grasp the gap between its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,so that we can take appropriate countermeasures to improve eco-efficiency. The results show that in the period 1978-2010,the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction was always lower than the national eco-efficiency; the long-time average annual value of its eco-efficiency was less than one half of that of the national eco-efficiency,with the absolute gap of 1 630. 095 yuan /hm 2 ,and the gap tended to widen year by year in the period 1978-2002 ( the gap increased from 276. 551 yuan /hm 2 in 1978 to peak of 3 227. 713 yuan /hm 2 in 2002,with an average annual increase of 118. 047 yuan /hm 2 ,and especially after 1992,the gap was particularly evident,with an average annual increase of 194.771 yuan/hm 2 ) ,but from 2003,the gap between the two tended to decrease. Based on the prediction results of grey system,in the period 2011-2025,the gap between the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction and the national eco-efficiency will gradually narrow,and from 2019, the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction will be higher than the national eco-efficiency.

Application of the quadrilateral area coordinate method:a new element for laminated composite plate bending problems

Recently, some new quadrilateral finite elements were successfully developed by the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate （QAC） method. Compared with those traditional models using isoparametric coordinates, these new models are less sensitive to mesh distortion. In this paper, a new displacement-based, 4-node 20-DOF （5-DOF per node） quadrilateral bending element based on the first-order shear deformation theory for analysis of arbitrary laminated composite plates is presented. Its bending part is based on the element AC-MQ4, a recent-developed high-performance Mindlin-Reissner plate element formulated by QAC method and the generalized conforming condition method; and its in-plane displacement fields are interpolated by bilinear shape functions in isoparametric coordinates. Furthermore, the hybrid post-rocessing procedure, which was firstly proposed by the authors, is employed again to improve the stress solutions, especially for the transverse shear stresses. The resulting element, denoted as AC-MQ4-LC, exhibits excellent performance in all linear static and dynamic numerical examples. It demonstrates again that the QAC method, the generalized conforming condition method, and the hybrid post-processing procedure are efficient tools for developing simple, effective and reliable finite element models.

Current Situation,Problems and Development Strategies of Marine Ecological Civilization Demonstration Areas in China

Based on analysis of current situation of national marine ecological civilization demonstration areas in China, problems were discussed from aspects of shoreline development, marine disaster waming, marine pollution, etc. Afterwards, some development strategies were proposed to provide references for construction of marine ecological civilization demonstration areas in China, thereby promoting overall construction of marine ecological civilization in China.

Managing the Lower Mississippi River Landscape for Strategic Navigational and Flood Control

The Lower Mississippi River flows from the confluence of the Ohio River and Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois into the Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi River and Ohio River pathway shifts have shaped and re-shaped the landscapes through which they flow and where their sediment-laden tributary waters co-mingle at the confluence on the voyage to the Gulf of Mexico. For much of their history, the lands adjacent to the Lower Mississippi River were bottomlands that flooded with the seasons unconstrained by human river training structures. Since 1717 European nations have fought over strategic navigational control of the Mississippi River. After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States took controlled the Lower Mississippi River. During the Civil War, from 1861-1865, the Union and Confederate forces battled for navigational control of the Lower Mississippi River. The primary objective of this paper was to highlight how the strategic navigational and flooding control of the Lower Mississippi River and geological and landscape resources were responsible for the successful economic development of this rich historical region of North America.

基于Civil 3D的弃渣场二三维一体化设计平台研究

为了弥补BIM建模软件Autodesk Civil 3D在水土保持工程设计中的局限性,解决传统弃渣场设计工作无专业辅助设计软件、信息化水平低、二三维设计转换困难等问题,利用C#语言、Winform界面开发、Civil 3D API及部件编辑器、MVC架构模式对Civil 3D平台进行二次开发。通过分析弃渣场各设计步骤的业务流程,研发了适用于水土保持工程弃渣场设计的专业平台,实现了容渣量分析、稳定性计算、以数据驱动为核心的快速建模与出图算量等功能,并应用于引洮供水二期(骨干)工程多个弃渣场的施工图设计中。结果表明:该平台将工程设计规范与带有步骤引导的可视化操作界面相关联,在弥补弃渣场设计无专业辅助软件的同时,极大地提高了设计效率和设计质量,有效地推动了弃渣场设计从二维向三维转换。

滥用管辖权异议的规制——以涉外知识产权诉讼为切入点

违背诚实信用原则的滥用管辖权异议行为应予以规制。在现行法律体系下,我国司法机关可通过管辖权异议案件的快速审理对滥用管辖权异议行为予以训诫,甚至可以在管辖权异议未决时通过实体审理等方式遏制滥用管辖权异议行为。建议《民事诉讼法》明确滥用管辖权异议的行为构成妨碍民事诉讼行为,依法应予以惩罚;同时规定受诉法院在案件管辖权异议争议未决的情形下,对是否继续进行实体审理享有自由裁量权。

生态文明建设对城市碳排放的影响--基于生态文明先行示范区的准自然实验

碳达峰、碳中和目标是当前我国生态文明建设的重要指引。基于2009—2019年我国213个城市的面板数据,采用双重差分模型实证检验了生态文明建设对城市碳排放的影响。研究发现,生态文明先行示范区建设显著降低了城市碳排放强度,且通过了一系列稳健性检验;机制分析揭示了生态文明先行示范区建设通过推进节能降耗、优化产业结构、促进绿色创新进而降低城市碳排放的作用机理;异质性分析表明生态文明先行示范区建设对资源型城市和中东部城市的碳减排效应更明显。据此提出了优化生态文明示范区政策、加强绿色创新推动产业和能源结构调整等促进生态文明的建议。

民政部门担任遗产管理人的困境与法律对策研究

遗产管理人是《民法典》规定的新制度,民政部门作为兜底主体担任遗产管理人是我国法律制度上的一项创新。自《民法典》实施以来,各地都在积极探索民政部门担任遗产管理人的做法与经验,但由于缺乏配套性、操作性、实施性的具体规定,导致民政部门工作中产生许多困惑与问题,影响民政部门遗产管理职能的发挥与落地。应当通过制定立法解释,完善司法解释和相关规范性文件,从源头上解决裁判依据问题,进一步明确民政部门在遗产管理实务中独立的法律地位和诉讼主体地位,细化指定遗产管理人确认和启动程序在内的各项具体规则,制定遗产管理人工作操作指引,明确承担遗产管理职能的内设机构、职责、人员、编制和经费,并加快专业人才的培养步伐,使这一新制度能够落地落实,实现《民法典》的立法宗旨。

中华文明的突出特性与民族地区现代化内在机理研究

中华文明的突出特性是其立足于世界文明百花园中的独特标识,是中华民族独树于世界民族之林的文明根基和中华民族现代化的动力源泉。中华文明突出的连续性赋予民族地区现代化独特性,需走基于“四个共同”、把握“两个结合”和坚持“以人民为中心”的道路;中华文明突出的统一性赋予民族地区现代化一体性,要坚持“人心相聚、价值相通”的精神归一,“国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断”的利益归一以及“四个与共”的命运归一的一体性现代化;中华文明突出的包容性赋予民族地区现代化共融性,要继承和发扬兼容并包、和而不同与天下大同的历史属性;中华文明突出的创新性赋予民族地区现代化开创性,必须坚持强劲韧性并以新型理论与制度,走出富有民族地区特色的独特路径;中华文明突出的和平性赋予民族地区现代化道义性,要坚持各族人民共享的现代化,同舟共济、守望相助的现代化,走和平发展、求世界人民共同繁荣的现代化。中华文明的五个突出特性是民族地区现代化的价值指引与路径导向,民族地区现代化是中华文明突出特性的生动阐释和集中彰显。

新修《民事诉讼法》中的网络侵权管辖研究——兼论涉外民事诉讼管辖规则

我国现有网络侵权纠纷地域管辖规则难以实现当事人之间程序利益的平衡、司法资源与秩序利益的平衡、实体正义与程序正义的平衡。2023年《民事诉讼法》以适当联系为补充根据扩大了平行诉讼的可能性,以先受理和不方便法院的混合规则强化了法院的自由裁量权,增加了涉外网络侵权纠纷管辖规则的不确定性。国内和涉外民商事纠纷管辖规则均为民事诉讼管辖体系的重要组成部分,均具有民事诉讼本质和涉网特征,由此构成了网络侵权纠纷管辖体系的重塑动因。为解决当事人诉讼地位的差异、新兴权益保护的迫切需求、管辖规则与其他诉讼制度的衔接问题,应根据涉网程度不同,重塑“非网—弱网—强网—专网”的多层次管辖体系,以平衡网络侵权纠纷主体诉讼能力的差异,实现法院案件审判全流程的制度衔接,兼顾国内与涉外管辖规则的有机结合。

个人信息保护公益诉讼制度建构路径优化——基于实体法与程序法交互方法

个人信息保护公益诉讼兼具实体法与程序法双重属性,基于实体法或程序法单一维度的制度建构将会陷入“一元观”困境。实体法与程序法交互为个人信息保护公益诉讼程序建构提供一种实体法关照。通过优化最具交互特征的三个支点:受案范围、责任形式和证明责任,不仅能够促进个人信息保护公益诉讼制度建构的二元论,也有利于推动实体法与程序法的一体化衔接,实现司法程序正义与实质正义。其一,从实体法维度,将“不特定多数人”公共利益说作为基础,增加“规模性”与“无差别性”的标准,解决受案范围“众多个人权益”的程序判断难题。其二,从程序法维度,通过诉讼信托的方式,允许原告受让惩罚性赔偿请求权,解决惩罚性赔偿这一责任形式缺乏实体适用空间难题。其三,从交互维度,一方面承认法官裁量分配证明责任,解决“规范说”在新型复杂案件的实体失范难题;另一方面设定证明责任减轻的请求权基础,解决裁判失度的程序适用难题。

多维视角下的“民事诉讼法”课程教学内容改革

“民事诉讼法”课程作为法学本科阶段专业核心必修课程,现行理论教学内容安排和实践教学内容设置均存在着体系性的结构缺陷,无法全面系统地塑造学生对民事诉讼程序制度和民事诉讼程序理论的认知框架,也不利于锤炼学生的民事诉讼实践能力与民事程序思维能力。遵循“大思政课”的理念精神,回应数字法治建设时代的发展需要,“民事诉讼法”课程教学内容的完善应当搭建民事诉讼法课程群,拓展“民事诉讼法”课程的数字+新内容,构建“理实一体化”和“专思一体化”的教学内容体系。

民事在线诉讼当事人权益保障的检视与路径探索

当事人权益保障体现了以当事人为中心的诉讼理念,确保了实现诉讼效益与程序公正的统一。在线诉讼中单一的程序选择权类型难以满足双方当事人需求、证人远程作证提高了质证难度、异步审理稀释了直接言词原则、个人信息保护与庭审公开之间存在张力。应当根据被选择事项性质合理确定选择权类型、加强证人远程作证技术保障、肯定异步审理的价值并明确边界、具体衡量审判公开与个人信息保护价值利益。