Through analysis of the relationship between heaven and man and the development of the ideology in the developing process from the pre- Qin Confucianism, the cosmology Confucianism of the Han Dynasty to the formation ...Through analysis of the relationship between heaven and man and the development of the ideology in the developing process from the pre- Qin Confucianism, the cosmology Confucianism of the Han Dynasty to the formation of the Confucian School of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, this paper attempts to explore the Confucianism ideology from social structure, cultural integration and environmental change and so on, so as to points out that Confucianism does not collapse with the disintegration of the social structure; instead,it realizes self- reconstruction and renovation.展开更多
Any investigation of society's historical development should begin with the fundamental issue of productivity level.The Song witnessed at least 45 new advances in production technologies,items and tools,of which a...Any investigation of society's historical development should begin with the fundamental issue of productivity level.The Song witnessed at least 45 new advances in production technologies,items and tools,of which at least 15 took place in agriculture and 30 in handicraft.Although the Song surpassed previous dynasties in overall productivity,it was also affected by a number of limitations,seven of which were particularly relevant to productivity level.With the exception of agricultural technology and firearms,the Ming and Qing failed to make major breakthroughs in the remaining five fields.Although these dynasties outperformed the Song in terms of total productivity and technology,particularly in the introduction of crops,they fell behind in productivity per capita and quality of growth,due to the population boom and the stagnation and even regression of farm technologies.Whether compared with previous dynasties or with the Ming and Qing,the Song dynasty saw the zenith of productivity development in ancient China.The level of productivity underlies Song progress and Ming and Qing stagnation,as well as the rise of Europe.展开更多
基金This paper is one of the research results of the seventh scientific research innovative program of postgraduate in Yunnan University(No.:YNUY201450)the Demonstrate Education of Bilingual for Graduated Students In Yunnan University of CTM
文摘Through analysis of the relationship between heaven and man and the development of the ideology in the developing process from the pre- Qin Confucianism, the cosmology Confucianism of the Han Dynasty to the formation of the Confucian School of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, this paper attempts to explore the Confucianism ideology from social structure, cultural integration and environmental change and so on, so as to points out that Confucianism does not collapse with the disintegration of the social structure; instead,it realizes self- reconstruction and renovation.
文摘Any investigation of society's historical development should begin with the fundamental issue of productivity level.The Song witnessed at least 45 new advances in production technologies,items and tools,of which at least 15 took place in agriculture and 30 in handicraft.Although the Song surpassed previous dynasties in overall productivity,it was also affected by a number of limitations,seven of which were particularly relevant to productivity level.With the exception of agricultural technology and firearms,the Ming and Qing failed to make major breakthroughs in the remaining five fields.Although these dynasties outperformed the Song in terms of total productivity and technology,particularly in the introduction of crops,they fell behind in productivity per capita and quality of growth,due to the population boom and the stagnation and even regression of farm technologies.Whether compared with previous dynasties or with the Ming and Qing,the Song dynasty saw the zenith of productivity development in ancient China.The level of productivity underlies Song progress and Ming and Qing stagnation,as well as the rise of Europe.
