Bioengineering Downstream Technology Online Open Course Drives SPOC Hybrid Teaching Reform Based on Ideological and Political Education

In the context of emerging engineering disciplines,a hybrid teaching reform for the Bioengineering Downstream Technology course,based on ideological and political education and online open courses,is being carried out.This reform focuses on aspects such as“building a professional teacher team for ideological and political education,scientifically designing the ideological and political teaching system,innovating classroom teaching methods,and improving both formative and summative evaluation systems.”The“Craftsmanship in Education and Cultivating Soul and Roots”small private online course hybrid teaching reform for the Bioengineering Downstream Technology online open course provides a replicable model for the comprehensive implementation of ideological and political education in engineering courses and offers a reference for advancing ideological and political education and hybrid teaching reform in new engineering disciplines.

Innovation and development of the third-generation hybrid rice technology

The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.

Embryo quality and chromosomal abnormality in embryos from couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology using preimplantation genetic screening

Objective:To detect common chromosomal aneuploidy variations in embryos from couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology and preimplantation genetic screening and their possible associations with embryo quality.Methods:In this study,359 embryos from 62 couples were screened for chromosomes 13,21,18,X,and Y by fluorescence insitu hybridization.For biopsy of blastomere,a laser was used to remove a significantly smaller portion of the zona pellucida.One blastomere was gently biopsied by an aspiration pipette through the hole.After biopsy,the embryo was immediately returned to the embryo scope until transfer.Embryo integrity and blastocyst formation were assessed on day 5.Results:Totally,282 embryos from 62 couples were evaluated.The chromosomes were normal in 199(70.57%)embryos and abnormal in 83(29.43%)embryos.There was no significant association between the quality of embryos and numerical chromosomal abnormality(P=0.67).Conclusions:Embryo quality is not significantly correlated with its genetic status.Hence,the quality of embryos determined by morphological parameters is not an appropriate method for choosing embryos without these abnormalities.

The 8×10 GHz Receiver Optical Subassembly Based on Silica Hybrid Integration Technology for Data Center Interconnection

An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.

A Single Mode Hybrid Ⅲ-Ⅴ/Silicon On-Chip Laser Based on Flip-Chip Bonding Technology for Optical Interconnection

A single mode hybrid Ⅲ-Ⅴ/silicon on-chip laser based on the flip-chip bonding technology for on-chip optical interconnection is demonstrated. A single mode Fabry-Perot laser structure with micro-structures on an InP ridge waveguide is designed and fabricated on an InP/AIGaInAs multiple quantum well epitaxial layer structure wafer by using i-line lithography. Then, a silicon waveguide platform including a laser mounting stage is designed and fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The single mode laser is flip-chip bonded on the laser mounting stage. The lasing light is butt-coupling to the silicon waveguide. The laser power output from a silicon waveguide is 1.3roW, and the threshold is 37mA at room temperature and continuous wave operation.

Hybrid Laser Technology for Creation of Doped Biomedical Layers

Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.

Hybrid location determination technology within urban and indoor environment based on Cell-ID and path loss

The location determination technology based on simple delay evaluations or GPS is not accurate enough or even impossible in urban and indoor environments due to the multi path propagation.To enhance the location accuracy and reduce the operation cost within these environments, this paper proposes a novel hybrid location determination technology which combines CELL ID with the database correlation method. The proposed method generate the prediction database of path loss according to CELL ID, and after the computation the smallest squared error of measured path loss and the prediction path loss, the location of the mobile terminal is decided by the coordinates of the best matching matrix entry.

An Innovative Strategy for Reciprocal Distant Hybridization between Spartina alterniflora and Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to explore germplasm resources of salt toler- ant Spartina alterniflora and high yield rice, and develop an innovative strategy for distant hybridization between S. altemiflora and rice. [Method] Crossing （rice ♀ ）： hot water emasculation and glume-cutting pollination method, heat emasculation and pollen-suction pollination method; reciprocal crossing （S. alterniflora ♀ glume-cutting emasculation and pollination method, continuous emasculation-pollination method, hot water emasculation and continuous emasculation-pollination method. [Result] In crossing groups （rice ♀ × S. alterniflora ♂ ）, compared with hot water emasculation and glume-cutting pollination treatment, the number of seed-bearing combinations, seed number per spike and seedling emergence rate in heat emasculation and pollen-suction pollination treatment were improved by 34.09%, 121.21% and 60.07%, respectively; hybridization efficiency was improved by 6-7 times. In reciprocal cross- ing groups （S. altemiflora ♀× rice ♂ ）, compared with glume-cutting emasculation and pollination treatment, the number of seed-bearing combinations and seed num- ber per spike in continuous emasculation-pollination treatment were improved by 3.14 and 4.21 times, respectively; seedling emergence rate was improved by 68.47%; hybridization efficiency was improved by 7-8 times. [Conclusion] Heat emas- culation and pollen-suction pollination method is suitable for hybridization between rice ♀× S. alterniflora ♂; continuous emasculation-pollination method is suitable for hybridization between S. alterniflora ♀× rice ♂.

Literature Analysis on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in China during 2002-2016

In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.

Improved Nucleic Acid Spot Hybridization Technique for Detection of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid(PSTVd)

Potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTVd)disease is one of the major diseases that threatens potato production.Therefore,an advanced,rapid and sensitive detection technology is needed to detect the disease for better control.In order to establish an easier nucleic acid spot hybridization(NASH)method,some studies were tried as the followings:(1)the pre-hybridization step of nucleic acid spot hybridization(NASH)was omitted compared with ordinary way;(2)RNA extraction(phenol extraction and Ames buffer extraction)methods were compared;(3)fixed RNA by UV lamp and oven compared with UV cross-linker;(4)hybridized the RNA in shaking incubator and so on.The results showed that RNA extracted by Ames buffer was more effective than by the phenol extraction method.Besides,the result of hybridization without pre-hybridization step was better than that with 1.5 h of pre-hybridization.The more important discovery was that the shaking incubator could replace the hybridization oven and the ordinary UV lamp could replace the UV cross-linker.After a long term repeated research and testing,a new hybridization system that could rapidly detect the PSTVd by improved NASH technique merely using common instruments and equipment was established.

Omics Technologies Reveal Abundant Natural Variation in Metabolites and Transcripts among Conventional Maize Hybrids

In this report we have evaluated metabolite and RNA profiling technologies to begin to understand the natural variation in these biomolecules found in commercial-quality, conventional (non-GM) maize hybrids. Our analyses focus on mature grain, the article of commerce that is most typically subjected to the rigorous studies involved in the comparative safety assessment of GM products. We have used a population of conventionally-bred maize hybrids that derive from closely related inbred parents grown under standard field conditions across geographically similar locations. This study highlights the large amount of natural variation in metabolites and transcripts across conventional maize germplasm grown under normal field conditions, and underscores the critical need for further extensive studies before these technologies can be seriously considered for utility in the comparative safety assessment of GM crops.

基于“技术道德化”理论的生成式人工智能教育应用潜能与风险研究

随着生成式人工智能的快速发展及其在教育领域的广泛应用,国内外研究者围绕它及其背后的大语言模型教育应用问题展开了热烈的讨论,但大部分研究因缺乏对生成式人工智能技术原理的了解而在问题探讨中存在伊莉莎效应。研究首先在对生成式人工智能技术学原理进行深入剖析的基础上,从维贝克“人—技杂合”视角对生成式人工智能的本质展开技术哲学分析;其次,基于“技术道德化”理论分析了生成式人工智能教育应用的四大潜能和面临的五大风险挑战;最后,提出基于“人—技杂合”的思想从“设计者”和“使用者”两种视角构建“双向奔赴”的全球人工智能治理体系,将成为未来探索的重要方向。

激光复合冷喷涂技术研究进展

冷喷涂是一种基于材料高速撞击产生剧烈塑性变形实现结合的沉积方法,具备加工温度低、沉积效率高、热影响小等优势,已在增材制造、工业关键零部件的修复再制造等领域展现出巨大潜力。冷喷涂复合制造技术是一种新兴技术,其中激光复合冷喷涂是一个重要的方向,近年来得到了越来越多的关注。对激光复合冷喷涂技术研究进展进行回顾和总结,对激光预处理、激光同步复合和激光后处理3种复合方式进行重点阐释。针对每种复合方式,分别从复合原理、复合优势及复合效果3个方面进行总结,对比激光复合冷喷涂技术与单一技术在沉积层微观组织以及性能等方面的差异。通过对激光复合冷喷涂技术最新进展的全面总结和归纳,将为进一步推动激光复合冷喷涂技术的研究和应用提供指导和参考。

苦荞开花习性及其有性杂交技术研究

为探究苦荞开花习性及其有性杂交技术,本研究以品苦1号、米荞和HPE7为试验材料,通过观察苦荞开花习性和花器结构,采用刚开花人工去雄法进行杂交组合配置。结果表明,品苦1号、米荞和HPE7开花授粉的花朵数量存在较大差异,花朵的大小也存在微小的差异;人工杂交时选择刚开放的内外两轮花药粉红色、表面光滑没有授粉的花朵完成去雄工作;品苦1号和米荞为亲本的杂交组合,正交或反交结实率均达36%以上,表现出较高的亲和力;HPE7为父本的杂交组合,杂交种结实率均达35%以上,HPE7为母本的杂交组合,杂交种结实率为0,HPE7不适合作为母本使用。

基于混合云架构的智慧教育生态构建与应用--以辽宁建筑职业学院智慧教育生态建设为例

依托5G、大数据、云计算等先进的信息技术手段,辽宁建筑职业学院构建了基于混合云架构的新型智慧教育生态。通过建设多领域、多业务数字化综合管理平台,建设多任务、个性化终身开放的智慧教学资源中心,建立内部数字治理保证体系,推进教育治理方式变革,形成了现代化的教育管理与监测体系,提升了管理精准化和决策科学化水平。

燃料电池船舶混合动力系统能量管理研究综述

在“双碳”目标下,发展燃料电池船舶是实现航运业转型升级和低碳化的重要发展方向之一。面对当前燃料电池上船的诸多问题,混合动力系统成为燃料电池船舶应用的有效解决方案,其能量管理的研究也成为核心研究方向之一。系统梳理燃料电池船舶的发展概况,针对燃料电池船舶多类型能源能量管理中涉及的能量调度问题以及变换器功率分配问题进行综述;分析各类方法的优缺点及其在实船上应用的可能性;探讨燃料电池船舶推广可行性和发展方向,以期能为技术创新和工程应用提供参考。

核型分析联合其他遗传学检测技术在高龄孕妇产前诊断中的应用

目的探讨核型分析联合单核苷酸多态性微阵列技术(single nucleotide polymorphism array,SNP array)或荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)或细菌人工染色体微珠标记技术(BACs on Beads,BoBs)在高龄孕妇产前诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性研究因高龄行产前诊断的930例孕妇,全部行核型分析,联合BoBs检测420例,联合SNP array检测343例,联合FISH检测167例,分析其染色体结果及妊娠结局。结果930例胎儿中,核型异常192例(20.7%),三体综合征中以21-三体居多,性染色体异常中以克氏征居多。在核型联合其他检测中,联合SNP array检测可显著提高胎儿染色体异常检出率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.191,P=0.013)。对于染色体嵌合体的诊断,核型联合FISH检测可更精准地确定嵌合类型及比例。孤立性高龄胎儿染色体异常风险相对较低,高龄合并无创高危胎儿染色体异常率最高,在高龄合并超声软指标中,随超声软指标数目增多,染色体异常率随之升高(P=0.001)。高龄孕妇年龄与核型异常、非整倍体尤其21三体的发生率呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论孤立性高龄孕妇胎儿染色体异常风险相对较低,高龄合并无创高危胎儿染色体异常的风险高,随超声软指标数目增多、孕妇年龄增长胎儿染色体异常的风险增加,核型联合FISH检测可更精准地确定嵌合类型及比例,核型分析联合其他检测尤其与SNP array技术可显著提高染色体异常检出率,有利于遗传咨询及再生育指导,是高龄孕妇首选的产前诊断方案。

叶轮机械综合实验课线上线下混合教学探索与实践

叶轮机械是航空发动机以及能源动力系统的关键部件,在国家积极推进“航空发动机和燃气轮机重大专项”的背景下,立足本校学情,对专业实验课叶轮机械综合实验的教学模式进行探索与实践。通过对目前叶轮机械实验课程的教学情况进行分析,根据线上线下混合式教学理念及其教学模式优势,针对所提出的问题,对实践课混合教学模式进行研究与探索。该教学方法探索全方位解决学生在课前预习、课堂实验操作及课后实验报告这三个主要环节中存在问题的途径,并且解决传统高速跨声速叶轮机械实验受安全限制无法线下开展的问题。通过线上线下混合式教学模式的实施,不仅保留传统实验教学的实际操作体验,而且将信息化网络化创新带入实验课堂,进一步优化当前的叶轮机械实验课教学模式,提升实验教学的新高度。

舰船综合电力系统研究进展与应用建议

该文概述舰船综合电力系统(integrated power system,IPS)的原理、组成、分类、特点与技术难点,介绍国内外工程研制情况,综述集成设计、大容量直流源及其并联组网控制、大容量直驱式电力推进、直流大电流开断保护、电力电子静止电源、高密度储能、智能化能量管理等7项共性技术及我国技术研究突破情况。针对IPS在民用新能源船舶、电动及混动飞机、轨道交通、海上能源高效利用等推广应用实际需求,给出系统推荐方案,并提出各应用场景下还需重点研究的内容,旨在为IPS在多领域推广应用提供参考。