Increasing intense human activities have largely changed the coastal landscape and caused many environmental issues.However,whether human-induced activities could change the coastal land use gradient pattern,an import...Increasing intense human activities have largely changed the coastal landscape and caused many environmental issues.However,whether human-induced activities could change the coastal land use gradient pattern,an important coastal zonal characteristic along the sea-land direction,remains unclear.Manila Bay was selected as the study area in this work.According to the distance of the land use and land cover(LULC)to the coastline,we clustered the typical coastal land use sequence patterns(CLUSPs)along the sea-land direction between 1988 and 2016 in Manila Bay and found the following.(1)Four typical CLUSPs,including the natural CLUSP dominated by forest land and grassland,the agricultural CLUSP dominated by dry farm and paddy field,the urbanised CLUSP dominated by construction land and the fishery CLUSP dominated by fishing farm,were mined in 1988.Three typical CLUSPs(a natural CLUSP,an intermediate CLUSP between the agricultural and urbanised CLUSPs,and a fishery CLUSP)were mined in 2016.(2)Affected by the dominant LULC,these typical CLUSPs showed a regular spatial pattern along the sea-land direction.For example,the typical natural CLUSP showed a landward pattern due to the long distance between the forest land and grassland and the coastline.(3)However,influenced by urban and aquaculture expansion,the land intensification of the CLUSP exhibited an obvious increase and caused the decrease of the CLUSP diversity from 1988 to 2016.The increase in the area of LULC coverage showed no obvious correlation with its distance from the coastline(DFC),but the net increase rate of LULC coverage had a significant negative correlation with the DFC.Therefore,human-induced activities have a large impact on the gradient pattern of coastal land use along the sea-land direction.展开更多
Land has been widely reclaimed in large area in coastal zones all over the world to relieve the pressure of land shortage,promoting social development and economic growth.Asia has become a focus of land reclamation wi...Land has been widely reclaimed in large area in coastal zones all over the world to relieve the pressure of land shortage,promoting social development and economic growth.Asia has become a focus of land reclamation with the rapid industrialization and urbanization.From the Binhai New Area of Tianjin to the Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan,the undergoing project of land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay,China,is the largest in the world.To clarify the environmental issues and benefit sustainable development of the coastal zone,we conducted both retrospective and predictive assessments of the ecological cost caused by land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay,China.We calculated the ecological costs of ten aspects of the four ecosystem services,i.e.,supply,regulation,support and culture,with the monetary estimate approach.The results indicate that the ecological cost of the new land reclamation is US$971.9 million from 2000 to 2010 and that the cost will be US$702.1 million from 2010 to 2020.The costs of gas regulation and marine food supply account for the greatest parts of the total value.Suggestions for land reclamation oriented to sustainable development in the study area are put forward,including a rational planning based on the comprehensive evaluation,reducing the amount of land reclamation area,optimizing the structure of the reclaimed land,reclaiming land with the concept of "low impact development" and implementing ecological compensation mechanisms,etc.展开更多
Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minut...Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minute intervals. On "Sea-Land Breeze" (SLB) days, the transition from sea breeze to land breeze was very evident in the study area. Direction of sea breeze was basically perpendicular to the coast and mainly from the ENE and E. Duration of sea breeze varied by the stations' distance to the coastline, and the near-coast wind velocity was larger than that of the inland and decreases as it reaches inland. There was increased development of SLB on sunny days than on overcast days. The term "Climatic Coastal Zone" can be defined for the area influenced by SLB, which reaches more than 74 km inland on a typical SLB day but less than 10 km on a non-typical SLB day.展开更多
Integrated Coastal Zone Management is a complex concept that involves various economic, social and environmental factors. There are often conflicting approaches to these factors. Furthermore, when it is decided to imp...Integrated Coastal Zone Management is a complex concept that involves various economic, social and environmental factors. There are often conflicting approaches to these factors. Furthermore, when it is decided to implement structural works in the coastal area, it must be taken into account the particularity of the area, the way in which it is developed and the type of work to be done. The Gulf of Mamaia in the Romanian Black Sea coast is the target of structural changes through the implementation of an extensive coastal rehabilitation program. The works made are of “hard” type and aim to change the shore line configuration. From this perspective, the target of the present paper is to make an analysis between the type of work that is being carried out and another kind of "soft" work aiming especially to favor the ecological reconstruction of the area and the approach of an environmentally friendly concept. Thus, we propose to analyze the two types of works with a view to apply the Bruun rule in order to mitigate the effect of the increase of the sea level and to prevent the shoreline retreat.展开更多
基金The Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.ISEE2020YB06the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41830648 and 41801353+3 种基金the Chongqing Postdoctoral Innovation Fund under contract No.cstc2020jcyj-bshX0103the Grant from the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systemthe Open Project Programme of the Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions under contract No.GTYR201906the Open Project Programme of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment under contract No.Cqk201903.
文摘Increasing intense human activities have largely changed the coastal landscape and caused many environmental issues.However,whether human-induced activities could change the coastal land use gradient pattern,an important coastal zonal characteristic along the sea-land direction,remains unclear.Manila Bay was selected as the study area in this work.According to the distance of the land use and land cover(LULC)to the coastline,we clustered the typical coastal land use sequence patterns(CLUSPs)along the sea-land direction between 1988 and 2016 in Manila Bay and found the following.(1)Four typical CLUSPs,including the natural CLUSP dominated by forest land and grassland,the agricultural CLUSP dominated by dry farm and paddy field,the urbanised CLUSP dominated by construction land and the fishery CLUSP dominated by fishing farm,were mined in 1988.Three typical CLUSPs(a natural CLUSP,an intermediate CLUSP between the agricultural and urbanised CLUSPs,and a fishery CLUSP)were mined in 2016.(2)Affected by the dominant LULC,these typical CLUSPs showed a regular spatial pattern along the sea-land direction.For example,the typical natural CLUSP showed a landward pattern due to the long distance between the forest land and grassland and the coastline.(3)However,influenced by urban and aquaculture expansion,the land intensification of the CLUSP exhibited an obvious increase and caused the decrease of the CLUSP diversity from 1988 to 2016.The increase in the area of LULC coverage showed no obvious correlation with its distance from the coastline(DFC),but the net increase rate of LULC coverage had a significant negative correlation with the DFC.Therefore,human-induced activities have a large impact on the gradient pattern of coastal land use along the sea-land direction.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41601105,41271102 and 40830746
文摘Land has been widely reclaimed in large area in coastal zones all over the world to relieve the pressure of land shortage,promoting social development and economic growth.Asia has become a focus of land reclamation with the rapid industrialization and urbanization.From the Binhai New Area of Tianjin to the Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan,the undergoing project of land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay,China,is the largest in the world.To clarify the environmental issues and benefit sustainable development of the coastal zone,we conducted both retrospective and predictive assessments of the ecological cost caused by land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay,China.We calculated the ecological costs of ten aspects of the four ecosystem services,i.e.,supply,regulation,support and culture,with the monetary estimate approach.The results indicate that the ecological cost of the new land reclamation is US$971.9 million from 2000 to 2010 and that the cost will be US$702.1 million from 2010 to 2020.The costs of gas regulation and marine food supply account for the greatest parts of the total value.Suggestions for land reclamation oriented to sustainable development in the study area are put forward,including a rational planning based on the comprehensive evaluation,reducing the amount of land reclamation area,optimizing the structure of the reclaimed land,reclaiming land with the concept of "low impact development" and implementing ecological compensation mechanisms,etc.
基金supported by National Science & Technology Support Key Project of China (No.2006BAB03A03)National 863 Key Project of China (No.2006AA100206)National Natural Science Foundation Projects of China(No.40801230 and No.40335048)
文摘Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minute intervals. On "Sea-Land Breeze" (SLB) days, the transition from sea breeze to land breeze was very evident in the study area. Direction of sea breeze was basically perpendicular to the coast and mainly from the ENE and E. Duration of sea breeze varied by the stations' distance to the coastline, and the near-coast wind velocity was larger than that of the inland and decreases as it reaches inland. There was increased development of SLB on sunny days than on overcast days. The term "Climatic Coastal Zone" can be defined for the area influenced by SLB, which reaches more than 74 km inland on a typical SLB day but less than 10 km on a non-typical SLB day.
文摘Integrated Coastal Zone Management is a complex concept that involves various economic, social and environmental factors. There are often conflicting approaches to these factors. Furthermore, when it is decided to implement structural works in the coastal area, it must be taken into account the particularity of the area, the way in which it is developed and the type of work to be done. The Gulf of Mamaia in the Romanian Black Sea coast is the target of structural changes through the implementation of an extensive coastal rehabilitation program. The works made are of “hard” type and aim to change the shore line configuration. From this perspective, the target of the present paper is to make an analysis between the type of work that is being carried out and another kind of "soft" work aiming especially to favor the ecological reconstruction of the area and the approach of an environmentally friendly concept. Thus, we propose to analyze the two types of works with a view to apply the Bruun rule in order to mitigate the effect of the increase of the sea level and to prevent the shoreline retreat.