A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

The Bridge to a Western Confucianism:Between Legal Theory and Private Law

The aim of this essay is to analyse the future of Confucianism in Western societies or,at least,through the exegesis of Western scholars.To realize this overview definitely means to verify how Confucian thought crossed many contemporary and later theories,especially in juridical fields as the theory of private law and the public comparative law.That system of customary rules and pragmatic ethics did not fail to face the modernity by enlarging its views in the context of much more complex societies:So,a typical phenomenon of Eastern civilities,to the point that it is generally considered the most peculiar inheritance of both Chinese spirituality and administrative political science,became an interesting and suggestive test bench for different starting points.If it is correct to say that this is not a proper nowadays stance(remembering the praise of Leibniz and Voltaire,for instance),it is even more likely that Confucianism will catch the attention of a larger academic audience also in the nearest future and not only narrowing its rise to the enormous economic growth of the Chinese influence and ruling role in the world,directly getting a level of strength not far from the American governance.Unsurprisingly,the first defined approaches to a Western Confucianism,mixing elements from its absolutely unique written or traditional sources and aspects taken from the comparison with other cultures,are still coming from United States’universities,in the scientific field of sinology and,step by step,comparative law’s scholars and legal theorists.This fascinating development that opens up Confucian ethics to a bigger spectre of teachings and belongings is happening while Confucian rituals,temples,and precepts are reaching in modern days China an always more cohesive and aggregating religious phenomenology.The West looks for ideas,while the East is trying to find stability around a metaphysical substructure of common values to prevent conflicts and to keep societies safe.

Women’s Councils:A Practical Exploration on the Construction of Democracy, Autonomy and the Rule of Law at the Grassroots Level

The women’s councils are an innovation advocated by the All-China women’s federation for women’s participation in social management and grassroots democracy.They are a beneficial exploration for women to participate in public affairs according to the law in accordance with Article 2 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,and are a model of"the combination of autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue."The women’s councils have aroused the enthusiasm of women to participate in public affairs,stimulated their autonomous vitality and creativity,and helped to solve the problems of women’s lack of representation and voice in decision-making.The process of deliberation is also the process of developing the awareness of rights,rules,consultation ability,the concept of the rule of law and even thinking about the rule of law.The women’s councils not only help to protect the rights and interests of women and children and promote women’s development,but also has unique value in enriching grassroots consultative democracy,developing grassroots mass autonomy,building a society ruled by law and promoting the implementation of the Constitution.we should therefore fully affirm,support and perfect the women’s councils so as to make it long-term,standardized and institutionalized.

Combining the Rule of Law with the Rule of Morality——General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Discourse on the Relationship Between the Rule of Law and Rule by Virtue

Key points:Throughout the ages,rule of law has been an indispensable means of governing a state.However,as General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out,it is not enough to govern a state by the rule of law

THE METHOD OF PHOTOPLASTIC SIMULATION AND ITS APPLICATION ON COMPLICATED DEFORMATION

The paper concisely introduced the hoopment of photoplastic simulation and the principle of its appli- cation.Deformations of combine extrusion and strain distributin in the process of upsetting the cylinder with void were studied by this physical photoplasic simulation method. Some important informations obtained from the simulation experiment are helpful to understand the deformation law and the charac- teristics of material flowing.The validity of the physical simulation method and the importance of com- bining the physical simulation method with numerical simulation method together were proposed in the paper.

The influence of Confucian and Taoist culture on prescription principles

Confucianism and Taoism,as the main body of traditional Chinese culture,has a great influence on the structure and the application of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This paper elucidates the influences of Confucian and Taoist culture on the theories and formulating rules of prescription in TCM,such as the principles of"Wu Zang Wu Wei Bu Xie",prescription laws of"Jun Chen Zuo Shi",principle of"Yong Yao Fa Xiang",the principle of"Liu Qi Sheng Fu"etc.from the view of Zhong He,Chong Li and Xiang Thought in Confucianism,and Qi Ontology,thought of Dao Fa Zi Ran and Following Time in Taoism.Qi Ontology belongs to the ontology and hylogenesis,Xiang Thought belongs to epistemology;Zhong He is the aim state of drug using ultimately;Chong Li,Following Time and Dao Fa Zi Ran,they are all the necessary laws for the right use of drugs.It embodies that TCM have its own unique theoretical system and rigorous laws in it,and lays the foundation for the subsequent researches on the theory and rules of prescriptions.

The Chang Family:Combining Confucianism and Commerce

THE term “Jinshang” or “Shanxi merchant” is a tribute to Shanxi merchants during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. The industry and wisdom of Shanxi merchants over centuries elevated some to the level of business magnate. The Chang family in Shanxi’s Yuci is a perfect example of the Jinshang.

Study on Deformation Law of Circular Foundation Under Combined Loading

The foundations of some ocean engineering structures are built to withstand not only the vertical gravity load V, but also the horizontal load H induced by sea waves and current. The horizontal load includes the concentrated force load, the moment load M, and the torque load T termed also as combined loading. It is of academic and engineering significance to study the deformation law of submarine seabed due to combined loading. On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic mechanics solution of circular foundation, numerical methods are used to analyze the deformation law of submarine soil under circular foundation with six degrees of freedom. The finite element analysis results give the elastic deformation law of soil in three dimensional spaces, modify the theoretical elasticity solution, and presents nonlinear soil deformation mechanism under the circular foundation with six degrees of freedom.

一体化与统纪化:“儒法国家”,抑或大国礼治?

“儒法国家”作为概括中国秦汉以后政治系统特质的既有模式,没有充分估量礼治对于中国国家结构的奠基意义,易于呈现为古今断裂的历史政治叙事。周礼所开启的中心统合主义原理展现为一体化与统纪化。一体化包含了统治权力一体化、族群伦理一体化、家国经济一体化,由周礼中的分封、宗法和井田开其端,深刻影响了郡县大一统的制度体系。统纪化是指礼治秩序精神的历史性延续,分别呈现为生统、宗统和治统,三统相系相维而不断推进一体化进程。正是大国礼治所展现出的一体化和统纪化,使我们在面临秩序危机的时候赓续了大一统国家的基本结构,在进一步推进族群、经济和治理层级深度融合的进程中完成了文明古国的现代转化。

中国国际法哲学的自主建构及其规范化进路

百年未有之大变局使国际法的法哲学建构成为国际法学科体系、学术体系和话语体系发展的基本前提。自近代以来,以殖民体系和单向度全球化为背景,西方国家建构了非正义的国际规则体系,其引发的全球治理问题呼唤负责任大国积极引领国际法的理论和规范重构。为此,横向的范畴体系及其互动功能有利于通过社科法学的路径自主建构中国的国际法哲学。当代国际法的碎片化和开放性使主体论和价值论构成国际法基础理论形构的主导性范畴。人类命运共同体理念的人类主体性和中华优秀传统文化的和谐价值观,推动了国际法主体论与价值论的互动,沿着秩序正义化和广义法律体系的逻辑形塑了国际法的宏观体系,也微观地促进了国际法原则和具体规则的规范建构。

能源法的法权构造及其体系展开

能源法的核心范畴界定较为模糊,亟待澄清。基于能源权利与能源权力的交互性、能源公益与能源私益的均衡性、能源监管与能源市场的协调性等需求考量,法权可作为能源法的核心范畴。能源法法权结构可从本体论、运行论和价值论三个层面予以构造,形成体系化安排。本体论上,应以公民能源权利与国家能源权力的交互为基础,强调公民能源权作为法权结构的逻辑起点、以落脚为能源普遍服务的能源权力作为法权结构的基本保障;运行论上,应以能源合同作为法权结构运行的具体承载;价值论上,应以能源正义作为法权结构价值的最终目的。由此,可仰仗能源法的法权结构构筑能源法学体系。

中国古代的立法司法经验探究——兼论中国古代法律的儒家化

中国古代社会有着数千年的立法、司法经验,“礼刑合一”“礼主刑辅”“疏而不漏”及稳定的法律形式与变通的法律形式相结合,有效地解决了法律与道德、法律与社会及法律与时势的矛盾。以儒家为底色的法律体系,不仅兼容了法家思想,而且连接了历史与现实,使夏商西周的礼治经验与春秋至秦的法治经验得以有效的利用,使王朝确立的主导法思想与社会广泛认可的主流价值观取得了一致,从而有效地保障了社会的长治久安。

监察互涉案件管辖模式的反思与调整--以《监察法》第34条第2款为视角

监察互涉案件在实践中产生了三类管辖模式,分案管辖模式应为此类案件管辖模式的“天然形态”,并案管辖模式是管辖制度灵活与变通的产物,专案组管辖模式则是折中后的特殊模式。三类管辖模式在实践中存在着适用规范与范围不明的问题,且并案管辖模式的适用并未受到职能管辖范围的限制。应当回归《监察法》第34条第2款的本义,该条款应为分案管辖模式,且未为并案管辖模式的适用留下解释空间,“为主”与“协助”之界需以法定职能管辖为红线。对此,并案管辖模式仅可适用于监检型互涉案件,《监察法》第34条第2款例外情形的判断应引入“主罪”的考量因素,具体管辖模式的适用应权衡案件的关联性、复杂性、社会影响力、各案之间的办理进度等因素。

企业委托贷款制度的理论反思及其功能化构造

企业委托贷款制度是企业融资创新与金融监管政策结合的产物,商业银行在委托贷款制度中的角色定位既有监管属性又有代理人特征。商业银行在金融法与民商法中的二元定位为委托贷款法律关系的厘清造成了混乱,不仅未能发挥更好的监督能效,而且引发了不容小觑的金融风险。因此,规制委托贷款需要从民商法与金融法结合视角,通过厘清委托贷款中以商业银行为核心的内外部法律关系,合理安排委托贷款法律关系各方权利格局,实现商业银行民事责任的归位与强化,以维护主体间利益平衡。推动委托贷款立法与司法规制系统适配,行政监管与金融司法协调互补,以促进委托贷款理论革新与制度优化,实现防范化解重大金融风险的制度目标。

基于改进分数阶滑模控制的PMLSM直接推力控制

针对分数阶滑模控制在永磁直线同步电机(Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor, PMLSM)直接推力控制下转速环精度不高、磁链和推力波动大等问题,提出一种改进的分数阶滑模控制算法,即分数阶双幂次指数趋近律、分数阶变速趋近律相结合的组合趋近律,能有效减弱滑模控制引起的系统振荡,加快趋近速率。仿真结果表明:与分数阶滑模控制相比,在PMLSM直接推力控制系统中采取改进分数阶滑模控制,磁链和推力波动明显减弱,系统响应速度加快,提高了PMLSM推力响应的抗干扰能力。

企业数据商业秘密保护的困境与制度完善

【目的】企业数据的法律属性、权利归属、保护路径都存在认定难题,在现有法律制度的基础框架下进行新的完善十分必要。【方法】结合当前数字化发展现状,明确企业数据商业秘密的认定要件与相关标准,破解权利人举证难的困境。【结果】当下对于企业数据的商业秘密保护缺乏相关立法,现行保护制度与保护措施不力,对企业数据作为商业秘密的司法认定也相对困难。【结论】建议积极推进企业数据商业秘密保护的专门立法,补足与完善现行企业数据保护的相关法律法规。采取民刑并举的保护思路,提升企业数据商业秘密保护案件处理的有效性。

德法共治助推社会治理的实践经验与重构路径

社会治理,要合理磨合与协调互补德治与法治的关系,提高公众的道德素质,提升治理精度。从做实社会治理的价值导向,做好社会治理的民众关切,做优社会治理的资源整合等方面重构德法共治社会治理的路径,以增强向心力,激活内驱力,提升服务力,提高社会治理效能。

中国法学自主知识体系建构中的传统法学理论资源现代转换

中国百余年来的法治国家、法治社会及法治政府建构,始终处在西方现代法学知识的强有力影响之下。伴随着中国法治现代化的深入推进,西方法学强势影响下的法学知识体系在实践解释上逐渐显得捉襟见肘,在概念体系及理论逻辑上也暴露出了明显问题,法学自主知识体系建构遂提上了议事日程。法学自主知识体系建构在理论上固然要妥善处理法治实践与法学知识的辩证关系,立足于中国法治实践,坚持马克思主义认识论的指导;同时也要妥善处理好传统与现代的辩证关系,尤其是涉及法学基本概念体系的提炼,以及法学思维方式及理论架构的优化,宜从中华传统优秀法学理论资源中汲取优质理论资源,通过“第二个结合”,获得法学自主知识体系建构的重大成果。

伦理正义对中华法系统一性的价值影响

伦理正义是统一性的中华法系的核心价值追求和法律哲学的凝结。中华法系的统一性具有重要的政治意义,法典体系的统一性对于大一统国家的法律秩序构造是一个必要前提,“伦理正义”价值对于这一目标追求具有保障意义。中华法系是一个伦理法体系,其伦理正义决定和影响着法律正义的设计和实现。中华法系立法技术的科学性和先进性,以及服务于律典立法和司法实践的高超的法律解释学,进一步推动了中华法系统一性的形成。在具体操作形式上,借助“以经释律”“引经注律”“引经决狱”方法贯彻伦理正义价值原则,中华法系的立法解释、律学研究和司法裁判活动展现了高度的统一性;通过和平的交流互鉴,整个中华法系圈在存续期间保持了伦理价值、法律制度与法律文化的高度一致性。以伦理正义引领的中华法系的统一性,承担了一般国家法律体系所没有的重大且复杂的历史内涵,从而具有了超越时代的持久魅力。

基于粒子群优化的组合导引律模型

针对导弹打击机动目标的问题,提出了一种基于组合导引律的粒子群优化算法以应对战场环境中的机动目标打击问题。首先对三维弹目运动关系进行分析,设计了一种包含角度和时间偏置项的比例导引律,旨在有效抑制终端角度变化,同时确保打击时间的精确控制。为实现最优导引律参数的求解,研究构建了以打击角、打击时间、法向加速度和脱靶量等约束条件为基础的代价函数。采用标准粒子群算法进行自适应寻优,通过迭代计算确定使代价函数最小化的最优导引律参数,进而得到满足约束条件的最优弹道。为验证算法的有效性,设置了机动目标场景,并设计了与原始比例导引律的对比仿真实验以及多种打击时间测试实验。实验结果表明,相较于传统比例导引律,基于粒子群优化的组合导引律算法在应对机动目标时能够生成满足打击时间要求及其他约束条件的弹道,并在不同打击时间设定下均展现出良好的打击效果,具有广阔的应用前景。