Eye-movement analysis was adopted to evaluate the visual perception of Chinese traditional commercial blocks,and the Chenghuangmiao block in Hefei,China,was selected as a typical case.Eye-movement data from 40 respond...Eye-movement analysis was adopted to evaluate the visual perception of Chinese traditional commercial blocks,and the Chenghuangmiao block in Hefei,China,was selected as a typical case.Eye-movement data from 40 respondents viewing 14 sample pictures were recorded.The spatial elements of the sample pictures,including landmarks and commercial brands,were further extracted to analyze the visual characteristics of spatial elements and the factors that affect the respondents’perceptions of those elements.Then,the semantic differential method was used to analyze the relationship between visual preferences and psychological perceptions of spatial elements.Seventeen pairs of opposing adjectives were selected to score the intrinsic properties and visitors,feelings of spaces.The software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze these data.Results showed that distinctive spatial elements,such as street corridors,Ma Tau Walls,and various landmarks,were the most visually attractive.In addition,the location of a given element within a picture was an important factor affecting eye movements.On this basis,strategies for improving spatial-visual effects are proposed.The strategies include emphasizing the visual characteristics of different spatial elements,considering the overall layout of spatial elements,and creating diversified spaces based on different spatial categories.展开更多
Subtitling has a very different role in countries with millions of people speaking their language and in small countries like Slovenia. Considering the fact that dubbing costs ten times as much as subtitling, Slovenia...Subtitling has a very different role in countries with millions of people speaking their language and in small countries like Slovenia. Considering the fact that dubbing costs ten times as much as subtitling, Slovenia has traditionally turned to subtitling in order to present foreign TV and film production to the audiences. The development of subtitling after WWll can be divided into two periods： before and after 1990, for obvious reasons. During the first period that started in the 1950s, the stress was on quality all along, additionally spurned by the development of technology. TV Ljubljana with its group of pro fessional translators was the leading motor of progress in this field. The translators were all college-educated and willing to study new technologies that on the one hand made their work less time-consuming and on the other more prone to direct peer criticism. Computer technology, even though the beginnings now resemble the age of dinosaurs, made a big difference. The University of Ljubljana established a translation department that worked closely with the TV translation department, thus linking theory and practice in the best of possible ways. All the efforts were centred on quality. Democracy, however, gradually transferred the stress onto quantity. The newly-established commercial TV houses started lowering translation fees, encouraging competition not in quality but in lower prices. Globalization brought a few international subtitling firms on the Slovene market, causing a drastic drop in translation fees. The best translators /bund other job opportunities while subtitling done by non-expert translators and inexperienced students can most often be described as ＂anything goes＂. The trouble is that the number of subtitles that a TV viewer reads per year amounts to a book of approximately a thousand pages. That means that bad translations on TV screens influence the quality level of language among the users, especially among young viewers devoted to the consumption of fast food and fast culture. The increasingly popular permissive view of language use at our universities is causing a drop in language standards and norms. It is a vicious circle that will be difficult to break.展开更多
Games that are used in research on game-based learning and serious games that are used for education are usually exclusive,making it difficult for teachers to attempt new methods in education.According to the data pub...Games that are used in research on game-based learning and serious games that are used for education are usually exclusive,making it difficult for teachers to attempt new methods in education.According to the data published in 2009 by the European Schoolnet(EUN),a network of European Ministries of Education,most of the problems that teachers face when using games in class are related to game selection.Based on the aforementioned data,this study presents a set of criteria for selecting games in order to solve the inconvenience experienced by teachers.The games,which are used as teaching materials for game-based learning,have been replaced with commercial games that are easily purchased,rather than serious games that are difficult to obtain the licensing.Based on the criteria,two games were selected in this study and the classes were conducted at the educational site.Compared to the group trained with textbooks,it has been confirmed that the effect of game-based learning was sufficient.In addition,five out of ten problems that teachers face were resolved.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51978226).
文摘Eye-movement analysis was adopted to evaluate the visual perception of Chinese traditional commercial blocks,and the Chenghuangmiao block in Hefei,China,was selected as a typical case.Eye-movement data from 40 respondents viewing 14 sample pictures were recorded.The spatial elements of the sample pictures,including landmarks and commercial brands,were further extracted to analyze the visual characteristics of spatial elements and the factors that affect the respondents’perceptions of those elements.Then,the semantic differential method was used to analyze the relationship between visual preferences and psychological perceptions of spatial elements.Seventeen pairs of opposing adjectives were selected to score the intrinsic properties and visitors,feelings of spaces.The software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze these data.Results showed that distinctive spatial elements,such as street corridors,Ma Tau Walls,and various landmarks,were the most visually attractive.In addition,the location of a given element within a picture was an important factor affecting eye movements.On this basis,strategies for improving spatial-visual effects are proposed.The strategies include emphasizing the visual characteristics of different spatial elements,considering the overall layout of spatial elements,and creating diversified spaces based on different spatial categories.
文摘Subtitling has a very different role in countries with millions of people speaking their language and in small countries like Slovenia. Considering the fact that dubbing costs ten times as much as subtitling, Slovenia has traditionally turned to subtitling in order to present foreign TV and film production to the audiences. The development of subtitling after WWll can be divided into two periods： before and after 1990, for obvious reasons. During the first period that started in the 1950s, the stress was on quality all along, additionally spurned by the development of technology. TV Ljubljana with its group of pro fessional translators was the leading motor of progress in this field. The translators were all college-educated and willing to study new technologies that on the one hand made their work less time-consuming and on the other more prone to direct peer criticism. Computer technology, even though the beginnings now resemble the age of dinosaurs, made a big difference. The University of Ljubljana established a translation department that worked closely with the TV translation department, thus linking theory and practice in the best of possible ways. All the efforts were centred on quality. Democracy, however, gradually transferred the stress onto quantity. The newly-established commercial TV houses started lowering translation fees, encouraging competition not in quality but in lower prices. Globalization brought a few international subtitling firms on the Slovene market, causing a drastic drop in translation fees. The best translators /bund other job opportunities while subtitling done by non-expert translators and inexperienced students can most often be described as ＂anything goes＂. The trouble is that the number of subtitles that a TV viewer reads per year amounts to a book of approximately a thousand pages. That means that bad translations on TV screens influence the quality level of language among the users, especially among young viewers devoted to the consumption of fast food and fast culture. The increasingly popular permissive view of language use at our universities is causing a drop in language standards and norms. It is a vicious circle that will be difficult to break.
基金the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(2019S1A5C2A04082405)。
文摘Games that are used in research on game-based learning and serious games that are used for education are usually exclusive,making it difficult for teachers to attempt new methods in education.According to the data published in 2009 by the European Schoolnet(EUN),a network of European Ministries of Education,most of the problems that teachers face when using games in class are related to game selection.Based on the aforementioned data,this study presents a set of criteria for selecting games in order to solve the inconvenience experienced by teachers.The games,which are used as teaching materials for game-based learning,have been replaced with commercial games that are easily purchased,rather than serious games that are difficult to obtain the licensing.Based on the criteria,two games were selected in this study and the classes were conducted at the educational site.Compared to the group trained with textbooks,it has been confirmed that the effect of game-based learning was sufficient.In addition,five out of ten problems that teachers face were resolved.
