Dynamic analysis of major public health emergency transmission considering the dual-layer coupling of community–resident complex networks

We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.

Identification and Optimisation of Cycling Life Circle in High Density Communities with Public Health Support: A Case Study of Tiantongyuan in Beijing

In recent years,the compact development of high-density cities has sparked ongoing interest in healthy urban environments and public well-being.This study examines the relationship between cycling behaviors and the built environment of streets in Tiantongyuan Community,a typical high-density area in Beijing,China.By observing street spaces and summarizing residents’travel modes and behaviors,the study evaluates the impact of street design on cycling habits.In order to reveal the riding behavior characteristics of residents in different time periods and different street spaces,tools such as track recording APPs and the Gopro Motion Camera are employed to collect street view pictures and riding track data comprehensively,analyzing the various travel purposes of residents in Tiantongyuan community and the riding OD activity tracks of the main entrances and exits of the community.Meanwhile,by conducting the questionnaire survey of residents’travel demands and OD data of Baidu,and utilizing geographic information system(GIS)for data visualization,this study further investigates the distribution characteristics of cycling hotspots,cycling paths and cycling space,accurately identifies the cycling life circle of this community based on the spatial and temporal scales,and further puts forward the optimization strategy of the cycling network.Some cycling-friendly street space optimization strategies are suggested to deeply analyze the mechanism of the built environment of street space in high-density communities on the cycling activities and health of urban residents,with a view to provide accurate data support for the renewal of street cycling space.

The Role of Library and Information Science Education in the Development of Community Health Information Services for People Living with HIV/AIDS: Perspectives of Directors and Managers of Public Libraries

This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.

The Intermediary Roles of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) in Utilizing Communication Robots (CRs) in Community Health Care Practice

Robot technology is expected to reduce the burden of medical professionals, a concern in the super-aged society. The aim of this article is to determine the intermediary roles of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) in using Communication Robots (CRs) in Community Health care. It is necessary to consider who will manage, and how to draw lines of responsibility when a problem occurs when using robots in the future. Regarding the mediator or intermediary role of PHNs in the use of CRs, PHNs are expected to be cognizant of varieties of robots for use with persons of diverse ages and health levels, as well as of robot performances. As one of the community healthcare workers who service the elderly living in the community, the role of PHNs as mediators or intermediaries is to pay attention to ethical and moral issues while working with CRs to manage the health of the community. Lack of understanding of the intermediary role might create possible ethico-moral issues in the future. Therefore, it is critical for PHNs to understand their role as intermediaries. In doing so, it is expected that older people at home will be able to live peaceful lives, as well as be physically and mentally healthy.

Environmental health in public health community practice: An integrative review of the literature

It is understood that the performance of Public Health Nursing is indispensable for the development of sustainable health communities, with regard to sub-standard living conditions in environments that include physical, chemical and biological factors influencing these conditions. This work is in an integrative review which aims to characterize how Environmental Health appears in scientific Public Health Nursing production, for the development of community health. Out of 442 articles, 30 met the search criteria. The publications covered contamination and exposure to environmental risks;strengthening of community groups for environmental health and workforce development of public health nursing for community practice in environmental health. The results summarized in the present study support the growing trend of interest in Environmental Health as knowledge which is essential to Public Health Nursing practice in the community.

Research on the Coverage of the Belt and Road Initiative and a Community with Shared Future for Mankind by Mainstream Media in the United States--Taking the three major mainstream media in the United States as an example

Since China put forward the Belt and Road Initiative and a community with shared future for mankind,mainstream media in the United States such as The Washington Post,The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal have given continuous reports.As the world’s superpower,the United States has a developed media system and a wide range of influence.The study extracted 173 valid texts from May 2015 to March 2020,among which only 5 reports were on a community with shared future for mankind.American media mainly reported from five aspects including economy,politics,cultural,security and environment,although there is no lack of certain sounds,there was more negative reports.It can provide a reference basis for our accurate response and creating a positive international public opinion environment that grasping the reporting trends on the Belt and Road Initiative and a community with shared future for mankind accurately.

Sustainable Community Epidemic Prevention Countermeasures against Public Health Emergencies

How to deal with public health emergencies is an important issue related to the normal life of community residents. However, after the corresponding understanding, it is found that a series of unsustainable epidemic prevention factors have been exposed in the community in the COVID-19, such as blocked access to basic materials, unsafe living environment, and lack of social platforms. In view of these problems, based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the changes in the hierarchy of needs of residents during the epidemic were analyzed, and sustainable community epidemic prevention strategies were proposed from five aspects of material storage, safe environment, social platform, respect opportunity and self-worth realization, so as to provide effective reference for future response to public health emergencies.

A Study to Investigate Major Community Health Challenges and Their Predisposing Factors in Bushenyi District of South Western Uganda

Poor health care systems have contributed to poor standard of living in Uganda. The aim of the study was to assess major health challenges to community health and identify major predisposing factors. This was a cross sectional study in Kyakagina Village of Bushenyi of South Western Uganda. A total of 39 households which included 102 children (19 years) were included in the study and a semi structured questionnaire was used. It was shown that there were 39 homes and 182 members with more males than females. Age and gender were shown not to be associated (P = 0.157). The majority of participants who boiled water in the community were showed to be of both primary and secondary level of education at 48.7% and 51.3%, respectively, while a significant proportion was found to drink only filtered and sedimented water without treatment at levels of 87.2% and 82.1% who were of only secondary level of education. The adoption of modern contraceptive pills, tube ligation and injections especially amongst the secondary educated level was found to be high, i.e. 94.9%, 87.2%, 82.1%, respectively. Inferential analysis showed that there existed marked differences (P < 0.001) in the health practices between persons of different education levels. Major health challenges identified included malaria, cough and cold, diarrhea which were most prevalent amongst children at 19.6%, 13.7%, and 10.8%, respectively. In conclusion, failure to clear bushes, boil drinking water and cover pit latrines (P = 0.213) were the major risk factors identified independent of age and education status in the various homesteads.

Research on Emergency Design and Renewal Strategy of Public Space in Old Communities Based on Public Health Emergencies:A Case Study of No.4 Courtyard of Luochengtou Community, Handan City

There are a large number of old communities in Chinese cities that urgently need to be updated and upgraded.However,the old community renewal in the past mostly focused on the transformation of physical environment with a single goal.There is a lack of in-depth thinking about the problems presented by the public space in the old communities,and it is necessary to focus on this.The continuous occurrence of public health incidents has increased the pressure on urban development,and old communities have become shortcomings in such incidents.It is a topic worthy to study whether the emergency design update of public spaces can supplement the shortcomings of old communities in public health emergencies.Based on the background of public health emergencies,combined with the theory of resilient cities,the study analyzes the emergency design of public space in the old communities and conducts a research on the renewal strategy,taking the No.4 Courtyard of Luochengtou Community in Handan City as an example.The improvement strategies of management,transportation,structure and space are specifically put forward,in order to provide reference for the emergency design update of old communities.

Community effects on public health in India: A hierarchical model

The data on any aspect of public health, including that on infant mortality, has inbuilt hierarchical structure. Using traditional regression approach in data analysis, i.e., ignoring hierarchical structure, either at micro (individual) or at macro (community) level will be avoiding desired assumption related to independence of records. Accordingly, this may result into distortion in the results due to probable underestimation of standard error of the regression coefficients. To be more specific, an irrelevant co-variate may emerge as an important covariate leading to inappropriate public health implications. To overcome this problem, the objective of the present work was to deal with multilevel analysis of the data on infant mortality available under second round of National family Health Survey and notify changes in results under traditional regression analysis that ignores hierarchical structure of data. This method provides more accurate results leading to meaningful public health implications. In addition, estimation of variability at different levels and their covariance are also obtained. The results indicate that the community (e.g., state) level characteristics still have major role regarding infant mortality in India. Further, if computational facilities are available, multilevel analysis may be preferred in dealing with data involving hierarchical structure leading to accurate results having meaningful public health implications.

Community Education Challenges in Young Adults of South Western Uganda

The aim of this study was to identify the major challenges to community education and any health problem in Bushenyi district of South Western Uganda. Data collection was done through questionnaire and participants were randomly selected. This was a cross-sectional study carried out for a period of three months in 2012. A questionnaire was used to collect data and using onsite observations the responses were validated. A total of 260 participants from 65 homesteads were included in the study from 52 households. 144 were females and 116 males, of which 52.4% of the children were female and the rest male. The mean ± SEM age of females and males was 36 ± 8.6 and 29 ± 8.6 years respectively. In all the homesteads, 71% were headed by an adult male and only 29% were found to be headed by an adult female while none was headed by children. Inferential analysis showed (P = 0.02) that there are more females than male in the homesteads. Majority of the homesteads are being taken care of by women instead of men probably as a result of the high mortalities due to HIV/AIDS in the past decade and above all the movement of most men to urban centers in search of better sources of employment to support their families. Among school going age participant’s i.e. children and adolescents, only 59.6% were found to be attending school. There was no statistical significance (P = 0.16) between school attendance and age. Family responsibilities such as cooking for younger siblings by female participants, obligations on open market days are thought to be secondary limiting factors for community development and livelihood amongst young persons;thus a follow up study would be conducted to assess their associations in this community as this would raise major child abuse concerns which would need to be reported to the legal authorities for follow up.

Reflections on the Participation of Social Organizations in the Prevention of COVID-19

Objective To study the problems of Chinese social organizations in participating in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic so that we can standardize the participation mechanism,improve the collaborative management mechanism,and promote the development of social organizations.Methods Through the analysis of CNKI,news reports,industry conferences and other data,combined with the current situation,the participation of social organizations in public health emergencies were investigated.Results and Conclusion The coordination between government and social organizations is not good.Social organizations in the field of public health are unable to stand out in a timely manner.The public do not have self-management ability.Some of the media spread rumors.Besides,most social organizations are highly dependent on the government and they are ack supervision.Social organizations should be incorporated into the emergency management system and national hub-based social organizations must be established.In addition,supervision should be strengthened to increase the credibility of social organizations.The responsibilities of community and emergency management at the grassroots level should be enhanced.The public opinion response and disposal system should be improved.Lastly,the responsibility of social organizations in the field of public health must be fulfilled.

Development of the Principle of International Solidarity and the Contribution of China

International solidarity is a fundamental value upheld by the united nations as well as a principle of international law recognized by independent experts on human rights The values and principle of international solidarity have played an important role in promoting human rights, improving the international economic order, driving sustainable development, and tackling global challenges, and they have gained wide support from most developing countries As unilateralism and protectionism continue to spread, global governance and multilateral cooperation are under threat Against this background, the united nations calls for the spirit and principle of international solidarity and the promotion of solidarity rights, including the right to development, and encourages the countries to safeguard global public health through joint actions and to avoid discrimination The concept of a community with a shared future for human beings proposed by China embodies international cooperation, mutual learning and exchanges, and collective efforts to promote and safeguard human rights It has made a positive contribution to enriching and boosting the principle of international solidarity and demonstrated the wisdom and responsibility of China as a major country.

中国打造周边卫生健康共同体的路径与策略

打造周边卫生健康共同体是中国与周边国家合作共建人类卫生健康共同体的具体实践,是人类卫生健康共同体的重要使命。中国与周边国家由于频繁的贸易和人员往来及相似的文化和自然环境,存在诸多共同的卫生挑战,必须依靠集体、协调的合作行动加以应对。本文基于全球卫生治理理论及国际合作机制研究框架阐述周边卫生健康共同体的内涵,选取东南亚国家联盟、上海合作组织、中日韩合作、亚太经合组织四个在中国周边发挥重要作用的区域合作机制,依据周边卫生治理路径框架分析其机制特点及职能实现情况,总结中国打造周边卫生健康共同体面临的挑战,探索打造周边卫生健康共同体的策略。

ON THE RIGHTS PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS UNDER THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS:A LITERATURE REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVE FOR FUTURE DIRECTIONS

The legal system for prevention and control of a public health crisis rests on two pillars:human rights protection and good governance.This duality is well illustrated by substantively equal treatment of vulnerable groups in a pandemic from the perspectives of public service,social inclusion,accessible environment,gender equality,and right to health.A review of literature on this topic shows that current research needs to address the gap between“life supremacy”and“equal protection”in the area of human rights protection,and the gap between“putting people first”and“strict control at the grassroots level”in the area of good governance.The research should employ intersectional methodology to highlight the rights logic of the socialist legal system and the key role of the Communist Party of China’s leadership in balancing individual versus community rights,enhancing the governance capability for participation by multiple social agents,ensuring equal protection for disadvantaged groups,promoting inclusive and sustainable development,and realizing the common prosperity of all the people.

Public Health Crisis Response Mechanism with Equal Stress on Construction of the Medical System and Cultivation of Public Awareness:A Case Study on Japan

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented worldwide shutdown,and made urban planning reflect on and discuss how to respond to public health crises.Japan’s medical system has been repeatedly rated as the world’s number one by the World Health Organization.This paper analyzes Japan’s diversifed medical facility system,its prevention and control mechanism regarding public health emergencies,and the cultivation of social public awareness,and points out that the Japanese public health crisis response mechanism is characterized by an equal emphasis on the construction of the medical system and the cultivation of public awareness.It is proposed that an effective way to respond to daily medical needs and irregular public health security crises is to improve the community medical quality and grant administrative power to the director of public health centers,promote the"urbanization of people"with public awareness,and improve the resilience of the medical and health system.

论人类卫生健康共同体的生成逻辑及世界意义

人类卫生健康共同体理念深刻表达了中国促进人类健康福祉、共同维护全球公共卫生安全这一重要主张,具有鲜明的生成逻辑。人类卫生健康共同体理念植根于马克思主义“真正共同体”理论,体现了人类命运共同体理念在全球卫生健康领域的价值取向,彰显着新时代“坚持人民至上”的内在要求,是理论逻辑、价值逻辑与现实逻辑的有机统一。构建人类卫生健康共同体对于凝聚广泛共识、突出世界和平与发展这一鲜明时代主题,回应国际关切、为全球公共卫生治理、践行多边主义、推动新型国际关系建构提供了中国方案,贡献了中国力量。

论人类卫生健康共同体理念的出场逻辑——以人类与疫病斗争的历史为考察视角

千百年来,疫病始终与生命同在,一部人类文明史亦是人类坚持不懈地与疫病斗争的历史;在人类与疫病的历史较量中包含着卫生健康共同体的思想,中国古人给世人留下了丰富的抗疫智慧和经验,近代欧洲各国的公共卫生运动亦有效地抵制了瘟疫的侵袭;百年变局和世纪疫情叠加,以世界卫生组织为代表的国际卫生健康治理机构虽在全球新冠疫情防控中做了大量组织协调工作,但仍面临财务支持、争端解决和权能侵蚀等诸多困境;人类卫生健康共同体理念的当代出场是人类命运共同体思想聚焦和落实在公共卫生领域的生动写照,传承了深厚的马克思主义理论底蕴和鲜明的中华传统伦理价值,有助于实现全球公共卫生治理理念由“零和博弈”向“命运与共”的深度变革,对于加强卫生健康领域的国际合作、提高人类健康水平具有重大而深远的意义。

全球公共卫生治理中的“病毒主权”困境研究

在新型冠状病毒感染全球迅速蔓延的背景下,有关“病毒主权”的议题再次成为国际社会的焦点。病毒共享机制在其实践中造成了有利于西方大国而危害发展中国家的现状,从而导致了“病毒主权”困境,通过梳理病毒共享的发展与现状,着重从国家利益、现有机制和集体行动力三个方面深入分析全球公共卫生治理中的“病毒主权”困境的成因,并相应提出破除该困境的三个改革方向,以期为更好地完善全球公共卫生治理提供依据。

Spatial Identities of Public Health Service Facilities in Metropolitan Suburban Communities: A Case Study of Shanghai Jinshan District

Both "Healthy China" and "Healthy Shanghai" programs require construction and development of community public health services. Taking Jinshan District in Shanghai as a case study, this paper evaluates the status quo of community health services from the "demand-supply" perspective, and finds a remarkable difference in the needs among different age groups, a big gap between urban and rural areas in the coverage degree of facilities, and different challenges for public service at the "prevention – treatment – health care" stages. It further puts forward several planning strategies involving(1) specific service supply based on different age groups,(2) "15-minute health service cycles" in both urban and rural communities,(3) adjustment of facilities to local conditions, and(4) promoting the quality of health services. Furthermore, it discusses in-depth issues underlying planning policies, such as the innovation of service content, the integration of different plans, and the cultivation of health service needs.