A Retrospective Analysis of the Capacity Built through a Community-Based Participatory Research Project Addressing Diabetes and Obesity in South and East Los Angeles

Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, are more prevalent in low-income and minority communities. One promising method to understand and address these chronic conditions is through Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR). CBPR engages and empowers community members to identify risk factors and work toward solutions as equal partners with researchers. One positive and lasting outcome may be an increase in the community capacity which includes individual and community leadership development, policy making, creating connections and utilizing existing community resources. Evaluating community capacity created as a result of a CBPR project is one way to measure its effectiveness. This paper is a retrospective analysis of the capacity built during a CBPR study of diabetes and obesity in East and South Los Angeles which are two low-income and minority neighborhoods. Four people, who were heavily involved in the project, completed a retrospective analysis of the capacity built utilizing a validated instrument. There was consensus about the capacity built, which included: excellent participation by community members, inclusion of members’ ideas to leverage additional funding, and pride of community members in their participation in the project. One area that could have been strengthened was increased access for leadership and research experience among community members, especially since the project ended prematurely. There were differences among the two community groups with East Los Angeles members focusing more on tangible interventions and grant writing, while South Los Angeles members had a greater policy focus. Communities and researchers who are embarking on a CBPR project can learn from those who have implemented the strategy. Measuring capacity built during and after the project, can be one way to understanding the contributions of a project in a community. CBPR is an empowering research methodology which, done correctly, can build community capacity and have long-term impacts on individuals and communities.

基于Participatory Design的图书馆空间设计研究

用户参与式设计促进了用户与图书馆设计的深层次融入,大量理论及实践证明,在图书馆设计领域应用用户参与式设计不仅可行而且必要。哈佛大学Lamont图书馆的用户参与式设计实证对国内图书馆参与式设计的开展有着积极的意义。

Children's participatory design for sustainable development and community planning

The urban developments have been carried out by only professionals for a long time because of efficiency and safety.However,most residents are ordinary people.Therefore,it is necessary to change the awareness of sustainable living environments,not only on the construction side but also the residents.In recent years,the number of cases of residents' participation in planning,maintaining,and repairing increased.However,sometimes youths and children,who might spend a lifetime longer than adults in a city after the developments have been done,are not included in this "Residents".Concerning youth and children's participation,CFC (child friendly city) is one of the good practices for sustainable development.It was launched by UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) and UN-Habitat in the Habitat II in 1996.City governments,especially in European countries,started to view CFC as their key concept for preservation and/or sustainable development.CFC means not only being "Children" friendly but also "All people" friendly.Various effects have been reported since the Historic Cities/districts included CFC in their city planning as a common concept,especially in education,community re-development,and operation and maintenance by the community.It is expected that better city planning in preservation and sustainable development can be achieved by adding CFC concept.In this research,an ideal way of city planning involving resident participation and the possibility in the future are analyzed based on case studies.Then a strategy of sustainable development and community planning involving youth and children's participation is proposed.

A blockchain-enabled wiki framework based on participatory design

The 5G mobile Internet facilitates contents generation for online communities and platforms through human-to-human collaboration.Wikipedia,a well-known online community,uses wiki technology to build an encyclopedia through collective intelligence and collaboration.Mainstream wiki systems adopt a centralized implementation,and while existing studies have optimized the efficiency of the wiki systems'centralized implementation,these systems still suffer from a lot of problems,for example,opacity and distrust.Over the years,blockchain has brought a flurry of fervour and decentralization to the system architecture,meanwhile giving users a sense of trust and participation.Thus,an innovative blockchain-enabled wiki framework called DecWiki is proposed to build one transparent,truthful,collaborative and autonomous encyclopedia.After several participatory design iterations,we present DecWiki's detailed architecture and its implementation in the form of a smart contract and use the interplanetary file system to complement the big data storage.Meanwhile,we use the trusted execution environment to secure sensitive information in the wireless scenario.Finally,the system overhead and the acceptance of the prototype are evaluated.Extensive experiments present its significant performance.

Scenario-based Participatory Design for Pervasive Computing

Lots of pervasive computing researchers are working on how to realize the user-centered intelligent pervasive computing environment as Mark Weiser figured out.Task abstraction is the fundamentation of configuration for pervasive application.Based on task-oriented and descriptive properties of scenario,a scenario-based participatory design model was proposed to realize the task abstraction.The design model provided users and domain experts a useful mechanism to build the customized applications by separating system model into domain model and design model.In this design model,domain experts,together with users,stakeholders focus on the logic rules(domain model)and programmers work on the implementation(design model).In order to formalize the model description,a human-agent interaction language to transform users' goals and domain rules into executable scenarios was also discussed.An agent platform-describer used to link design and implementation of scenarios was developed to realize the configuration of applications according to different requirements.The demand bus application showed the design process and the usability of this model.

Collaborating with Young Adults Diagnosed with Schizophrenia:A Participatory Design Study to Shape the Healthcare System

Introduction: Disengagement from mental health services in young adults with schizophrenia has been associated with dissatisfaction and unmet needs. Striving to improve engagement, we invited service users recently diagnosed with schizophrenia to be co-designers of a smartphone technology that will be responsive to their needs. Aim: This paper reports the first phase of a three-phased participatory design process. The objective was to identify needs of support in young adults recently diagnosed with schizophrenia and to generate ideas of how the needs could be accommodated using smartphone technology. Methods: Participatory design guided the research process and a qualitative approach was used to generate and analyse the data. Data were generated by means of participant observations (n = 45 hours) and interviews (n = 6) with young adults from a first episode psychosis program in Denmark. Findings: Low levels of knowledge and high levels of uncertainties are characteristic of young adults recently diagnosed with schizophrenia, bringing about a vast need of support in order for them to gain power over their new life situation. Our study suggests that the smartphone may be used to foster empowerment by guiding the young adult’s actions in situ, providing comprehensive and easily understood information on the go, allowing for recovery tracking, and notification of mental health changes, providing medication overview and giving easy access to healthcare providers. Conclusion: Young adults recently diagnosed with schizophrenia require comprehensive support in order to become empowered to confidently manage their new life situation. The smartphone holds this potential by offering flexible collaboration and timely access to self-management

Designing for Independent Living:The Case Study of an Inclusive Apartment for Persons with Disabilities

Independent living and freedom of choice are closely linked to the social inclusion of PwD(Persons with Disabilities)in society.The paper reports on a recent study focused on investigating and understanding the needs and desires of persons with intellectual disabilities,with reduced mobility and with visual impairments while performing daily activities in order to design user-friendly and inclusive home environments for their life project.The case study concerns an apartment on the ground floor of a building well embedded in a neighborhood urban and social context.It was selected by Anffas Trentino Onlus to train young adults in independent living.Anffas is the National Association of Families of People Intellectual and/or Relational Disabilities,present and operating throughout Italy.Since 2008,important projects have been promoted by Anffas Trentino Onlus aimed at stimulating a personal and housing autonomy in PwD for“during and after us”,or rather when there are no more family members to take care of them.The design process involved a representative focus group of end users.With them and some Anffas staff components,it was possible to implement a participatory design process by sharing and verifying needs,desires,expectations.This approach was adopted in order to jointly develop a design proposal for a new inclusive apartment changing the paradigm from design for to design with,and building awareness both in the end users and designers.

基于参与式设计方法和符号学阶梯的污水监测服务系统设计研究

目的在设计学视角下,探索污水流行病学的应用,关注城市化带来的环境污染与公共卫生安全问题。进而拓展健康监测的途径,改善用户体验,提高信息传递效率,促进社会的公平与正义。方法首先通过参与式设计方法,使用户介入到行为分析的流程中,研究社区居民对公共卫生信息的需求,同时引入符号学阶梯模型,对用户需求研究框架进行构建;其次将用户的行为需求映射为行为意义,通过对意义层级进行聚类分析的方式来完成对用户行为的定性分析,进而得到核心意义簇;最后,根据核心意义完成服务系统的构建,再通过参与式设计方法来评估服务系统。结果通过参与式设计方法与符号学阶梯拆解并分析用户行为,寻找社区居民的触点与行为意义,实现污水健康监测服务系统的建立。结论使用户参与到设计的流程中,是为了增加复杂技术与组织系统设计的关联性,提升服务系统的用户体验,该设计为污水健康监测提供了新的方向与思路,并不断完善符号学对产品构建的探索。

辽西民间布老虎视觉造型参与式设计

解决在相关设计中存在缺少深入的田野调研、设计成果的创新性不够明显,以及与中国传统文化的融合程度不够深入等问题,并结合上述问题通过参与式设计实现非物质文化遗产的创新性传承。邀请辽西民间布老虎非遗传承人伊宁老师共同进行布老虎视觉造型设计,通过半结构化访谈的方式以及对调研资料的分析,共同探讨我国民间布老虎视觉形象的设计方法。虎文化是民间布老虎视觉形象设计的关键,也是展开设计工作前需要重点了解的内容。以布老虎的五官造型为案例进行分析,提炼传统布老虎的面部造型元素,并将其应用到新的形象设计中。在此基础上,本研究运用问卷调查法和半结构化访谈法,经过基础调研和访谈,总结归纳辽西地区民间布老虎的视觉形象设计重点,其主要表现为3个核心内容,分别是五观优化、设计创新、保留特色。

面向多元世界的未来探针:参与式推辨设计研究

在这个未来越来越具有不确定性的时代中,参与式推辨设计邀请非设计人士与设计师共同推辨未来的多重可能,探讨参与式推辨设计如何面向多元世界展开设计探索,从而达到实现合意未来的目标。首先,从推辨设计着手,阐明其局限性及后续的参与式转向;其次,描绘出参与式推辨设计从探测到生成的具体流程,以及参与类型;最后,运用文献分析和案例研究的方法,从现有的案例中厘清当前参与式推辨设计的三条实践路径。现有的参与式推辨设计研究多为实验性的设计实践,缺少具体的方法论和理论框架,同样聚焦于未来的可能性、批判性和参与性的当代设计人类学或能为其提供理论指导。作为对未来民主化想象的重要行动之一,参与式推辨设计期待人们的共同参与。

基于BOPPPS模式的公安院校光谱检验照相技术实验课程教学设计研究

BOPPPS教学模式是一种以“以学生为中心、参与式学习、及时反馈”为核心的课堂教学设计模式。光谱检验照相技术实验课程采用基于BOPPPS模式与超星学习通的混合式教学模式,结合案例教学法与设计教学法等教学方法,从而依据公安院校刑事技术专业培养目标,提升学生专业素养与核心能力。

虚拟现实下的社区公共空间参与式设计分析

随着虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术的迅速发展和普及,社区公共空间的设计趋向于采用参与式的方法,以增强设计过程的民主性和包容性。文章探讨了VR环境下参与式社区公共空间设计的方法与效果,并分析了其在提升社区成员参与度和满足多元需求方面的潜力。首先,回顾了参与式设计的理论基础和VR技术在空间设计中的应用进展。其次,讨论了VR在参与式设计中所面临的挑战,包括技术获取的平等性、用户界面的友好性以及虚拟环境与现实世界之间的联系等问题。研究结果表明,VR为社区公共空间的参与式设计提供了一种新的有效工具,使得设计过程更加开放和迭代,能够更好地反映社区成员的需求和愿景。

面向参与式教学行为的智慧教室家具功能设计探究

随着大数据、物联网等新兴技术在教育领域的应用,智慧教室逐渐成为高校的建设选择。为使智慧教室家具设计能够更好地适应智慧教学的活动,尤其是以参与式教学互动为主的实践教学环节,在总结当下国内智慧教室家具产品设计研究现状与问题的基础上,从学生视角出发,通过行为观察、用户访谈、问卷调查等研究方法对参与式教学下的智慧教室家具功能进行需求分析。针对具备互动共享设备、足够且明确的储物空间及分区、课桌椅移动性及可调节性等核心功能需求,提出具有针对性的功能设计建议,旨在提升智慧教室家具的灵活性与适用性,提高教学效率与质量。

UMU+BOPPPS混合教学模式探索——基于“中医外科学”皮肤性病章节

目的:探讨“UMU+BOPPPS”混合教学模式的课堂效果。方法:按班级将学生分为传统教学组和“UMU+BOPPPS”教学组,对“中医外科学”皮肤性病章节的内容分别进行两种不同模式的授课,在授课结束后进行章节考试及课堂效果问卷调查,对两组学生的学习成绩及学生体会进行统计分析。结果:“UMU+BOPPPS”混合教学模式能够有效提高学生学习的积极性和参与度,提高课堂教学效果,提高学习成绩。结论:“UMU+BOPPPS”混合式教学模式在激发学生学习兴趣、构建知识体系、培养中医思维等方面效果突出,值得进一步推广。

由学生自主营造一个全要素雨水花园的困难与经验

校园营造是指在校园内以师生为主体的参与式设计行动。北京大学自2016年开始尝试学生自主参与校园建设的路径,初步形成了以学生社团为平台、多专业学生合作、多方参与,从被动邀请到主动发起的校园建设模式,探索出由学生主导完成从策划、设计、建造到运营的校园空间更新改造的全程参与经验。以其中一个由学生自主营造的全要素雨水花园的营造过程为例,总结了按照PBL要求的学生自主营造中遇到的困难和经验,详细分析了激发和维护学生自主性的策略,为在建成环境中增建雨水花园和更广泛的自主参与式营造提供了可借鉴的行业经验。

虚拟现实中情感营造:疗愈和活力街道微更新设计循证探索

【目的】旨在探索以循证设计为方法的活力与疗愈街道微更新设计。【方法】通过参与式工作营的形式开展上海市宝山区庙行镇共康路两个街段的微更新设计工作,并借助基于虚拟现实与可穿戴生理传感器的实验,验证活力街道设计与疗愈街道设计所营造的环境氛围对居民情绪的不同影响,评估设计方案的有效性。【结果】两个街段的微更新设计都在一定程度上达到预期情感氛围,体现在心理和生理情绪指标变化上。验证了公众参与结合虚拟现实与可穿戴生理传感器辅助设计技术的运作模式,有助于设计师在早期阶段检验设计方案中的环境情感氛围是否达到预期效果,提升设计方案的科学性与精准性。【结论】为活力与疗愈街道微更新设计增添实证证据,为循证设计流程提供了可参考的实践经验。

基于参与式设计的城市户外儿童游戏空间需求研究

在我国儿童友好城市建设如火如荼的时代背景下,成人主导与儿童缺位导致建成户外游戏空间忽视了儿童真正的游戏需求,探索儿童对城市户外游戏空间的需求迫在眉睫。该文基于儿童参与式设计实践,通过草图绘制、模型制作、问卷调查等方式对成都市6~14岁城市儿童的户外游戏空间需求进行深度调查。结果发现,相较于传统游戏场,更多元的环境要素、更自然的空间设计、更现代的基础设施及更冒险的游戏形式对儿童游戏行为具有积极影响。基于上述成果,研究对建设满足儿童真实需求的儿童友好型城市户外游戏空间提出相应优化策略,以期为儿童参与式设计实践模式构建及儿童友好型城市空间建设提供参考。

参与式学习模式下初中Mixly编程教学设计与实践

面对义务教育信息科技课程新任务,分析了国内外基础教育编程教学现状与需求,探索参与式学习模式在初中Mixly编程教学中的应用,提出“基础入门—进阶提高—创新实践”3阶段教学设计理念,并开展模仿体验、自主尝试、合作探究3过程教学实践。研究发现:参与式学习模式与Mixly编程平台的结合有助于激发学生的编程兴趣,增强学习的主动性;3阶段参与式教学可有效提升学生编程技能和合作创新能力。

乡村社区生活圈“参与式”规划设计实现路径探索——以上海市松江区泖新村为例

公众参与是践行“人民城市”理念的重要途径,社区生活圈的建设作为统筹城市资源的重要一环,更是离不开多方参与。然而,在乡村语境下,社区生活圈的建设面临物质及人文环境的特殊性、“三生融合”的复杂性等诸多挑战,且当前“参与式”建设的实践多为试点性、阶段化的探索,缺少系统性的方法论建构。文章首先建立对乡村社区生活圈共性与特性的认知;在此基础上,以上海市松江区泖新村为实证案例,就参与主体关系构成、全生命周期进程、参与的具体方式,以及预期成果等方面对乡村生活圈“参与式”规划设计的具体实现路径进行研究;最终以一份清单、一张蓝图及多个场景呈现阶段实践成果。研究从概念、方法到实践的层面探索乡村环境中的“参与式”规划设计工作,以期为乡村振兴工作提供切实可行的参考,并进一步思考“参与式”设计工作在未来提升与优化的可能性。

打造社区/创造康复场所

几百年来,许多文明都直观地利用花园提升人们的幸福感。如今,大量的科学研究证实了与大自然互动对人类的身心健康有诸多益处。与自然接触有助于恢复注意力,减轻压力和敌意。设计康复花园时,参与式设计十分关键,在这个环节,设计师向相关专家获取用户需求,深入了解那些有严重健康问题的人所面临的挑战。案例研究展示了针对癌症患者、战争伤员、心理疾病患者及临终老人创造的适宜环境所采用的原则和设计方案。每个群体都有其独特需求,笔者、学生和社区成员合作,设计了一系列温馨的康复花园。