Polymer waveguide thermo-optical switch with loss compensation based on NaYF_4: 18% Yb^(3+), 2% Er^(3+) nanocrystals

A polymer waveguide thermo-optical switch with loss compensation based on NaYF_4： 18% Yb^（3＋）, 2% Er^（3＋）nanocrystals, fabricated by traditional semiconductor processes, has been investigated. NaYF4： 18% Yb^（3＋）, 2% Er^（3＋）nanocrystals were prepared by a pyrolysis method. The morphology and luminescent properties of the nanocrystals were characterized.The nanocrystals were doped into SU-8 as the core material of an optical waveguide amplifier. The size of the device was optimized for its optical and thermal fields as well as its transmission characteristics. The device was fabricated on a silica substrate by spin coating, photolithography, and wet etching. The insertion loss of the switch device is～15 dB. The rise and fall times of the device are 240 μs and 380 μs, respectively, as measured by application of a 304 Hz square wave voltage. The extinction ratio of the device is about 14 dB at an electrode-driving power of 7 mW. When the pump light power is 230 mW and the signal light power is 0.1 mW, the loss compensation of the device is 3.8 dB at a wavelength of1530 nm. Optical devices with loss compensation have important research significance.

Polymer/silica hybrid waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation based on NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals

A polymer waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation is proposed based on NaYF4:Er^3+, Yb^3+ nanocrystals prepared by a high temperature thermal decomposition method. The Y-branch power splitter is designed as a structure of embedded waveguide, and its core material is nanocrystals-doped SU-8. The insertion loss of the device is ~ 15 dB. For an input signal power of 0.05 mW and a pump power of 267.7 mW, the two branches with 5.81-dB and5.41-dB loss compensations at 1530 nm are achieved respectively. A polymer waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation has an important research significance.

Load compensation research on twicetension for loop anchor cable of inner lining in Yellow River-crossing tunnel

The load compensation equipment for anchor cable named low retraction prestressed anchorage system with twice-tension(referred to as twice-tension anchorage system) is proposed in the paper. Calculation results of loop anchorage prestressing loss(PL) values of inner lining(IL)in Yellow River-crossing tunnel under two anchorage systems,including twice- tension anchorage system and HM(Chinese transliteration is huanmao)anchorage system,are introduced. The software ANSYS is selected to realize the three-dimensional(3D) finite element modeling to accomplish simulation and calculation works under the two anchorage systems,respectively. Stress processes of IL under the two working conditions,of which one is completed cable tensioning(CCT) and the other is water in the tunnel with the designed water pressure(DWP),are contrasted and analyzed. Impacts of prestressing forces of anchor cables on structural safety under the two anchorage systems are contrasted. The calculation results show that the twice-tension anchorage system can reduce PL effectively and then increase prestresses of wall concrete(WC). Meanwhile,the anchorage system has the advantages of improving security and stability of tunnel structure,reducing project costs and saving steel consumption. The research work is available to related design and construction of anchor cable,and is worthy of promotion and application.

On Satan in Paradise Lost from the View of Milton's Loss of Freedom

The motive forces of literary creation are closely related to an author’s personal experiences.Milton experienced great losses during his lifetime,which produced deep infl uences on his poetic writing.This thesis,based on Freud’s"repression"and"compensation"theory,analyzes Milton’s psychological state in the creation of Paradise Lost,aiming at exploring infl uences of the poet’s experience of loss on the creation of Satan in his masterpiece.

Fuzzy-GA based algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for loss reduction of distribution network considering reconfiguration

This work presents a fuzzy based methodology for distribution system feeder reconfiguration considering DSTATCOM with an objective of minimizing real power loss and operating cost. Installation costs of DSTATCOM devices and the cost of system operation, namely, energy loss cost due to both reconfiguration and DSTATCOM placement, are combined to form the objective function to be minimized. The distribution system tie switches, DSTATCOM location and size have been optimally determined to obtain an appropriate operational condition. In the proposed approach, the fuzzy membership function of loss sensitivity is used for the selection of weak nodes in the power system for the placement of DSTATCOM and the optimal parameter settings of the DFACTS device along with optimal selection of tie switches in reconfiguration process are governed by genetic algorithm(GA). Simulation results on IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test systems concluded that the combinatorial method using DSTATCOM and reconfiguration is preferable to reduce power losses to 34.44% for 33-bus system and to 45.43% for 69-bus system.

Heat Production Rate Calculation of Thermal Manikin with a Compensation Method

Thermal manikin plays important roles in simulating thethermal state of human bodies to facilitate the evaluationof thermal comfort properties of various clothing assem-blies.Based on the heat balance principle and analysis ofrelated factors,the heat production rate of manikin isrecommended as an efficient evaluation index.Whereas,its inside heat production which occurs as a result of theexistence of temperature difference between its insidepart and outside surface,should not be ignored.Through a series of theoretical analysis and calculations,a compensative equation is deduced in this paper.

Comparative study of effectiveness of different var compensation devices in large-scale power networks

A comparison of the effectiveness of installing reactive power compensators,such as shunt capacitors,static var compensators(SVCs),and static synchronous compensators(STATCOMs),was presented in large-scale power networks.A suitable bus was first identified using modal analysis method.The single shunt capacitor,single SVC,and single STATCOM were installed separately on the most critical bus.The effects of the installation of different devices on power loss reduction,voltage profile improvement,and voltage stability margin enhancement were examined and compared for 57-and 118-bus transmission systems.The comparative study results show that SVC,and STATCOM are expensive compared to shunt capacitor,yet the effect of installing STATCOM is better than SVC and the effect of installing SVC is better than that of shunt capacitor in achieving power loss reduction,voltage profile improvement and voltage stability margin enhancement.

Cultural loss in Chinese-English translation

Different cultures have their own culture-specifics, which may pose great difficulties to the translators. In the process of cultural transfer there will be various kinds of losses, for it is hard to achieve complete equivalent effect. The main purpose is to research into the issues of cultural loss in translating certain cultural elements, and how to compensate the loss in Chinese-English translation.

Spatial pattern of paulownia witches' broom and its effects on the growth of Paulownia elongata in Shaanxi Province,China

The spatial pattern of paulownia witches＇ broom was investigated using an Iwao＇s （m^＊-m） model in Shaanxi Province, China. Iwao＇s （m^＊-m） model revealed that spatial pattern of paulownia witches＇ broom exhibited a uniform distribution in sample plots. In this model, characteristics of contagiousness coefficient （a） justified the probability of infection by virus-transmission vectors. For tree age less than six, susceptible individuals were aggregated as clusters in the plots and then mutually repelled over age. A preliminary survey of stand volume show that from age five to six, stand volumes of disease grade II showed excessive vegetative growth and returned to normal level between ages ten and 11. Loss rate of volume increment with disease grade II decreased, and then returned to raising trend both at grades III and IV. This phenomenon is possibly caused by an over-compensation effect and by environmental factors. The redundancy of growth hormones in branches, shoots, leaves, buds and roots increased the stem volume of entire trees.

Understanding human-leopard conflict in the ‘Mid-hill’ region of western Nepal

Livestock rearing and agriculture are the main sources of community-based livelihoods in western Nepal.Across the rural mid-hills region of Gandaki Province,leopards are the top predator and frequently depredate livestock and attack humans.Spatiotemporal patterns of human-leopard conflicts(HLC) in Nepal are poorly known at the provincial and national scales,which are essential to formulating effective conflict mitigation strategies and implementing them in the field.This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of HLC by applying Maxent modeling to covariates relating to known and registered conflict cases(n=842) collected from Nepalese government offices.We found that cases of HLC have been increasing significantly over the past five years.We also concluded that mid-elevation,south-facing slopes were more susceptible to HLC,but that mean annual temperature was by far the most important predictor of HLC;overall livestock density and proximity to roads were also important,but secondarily so.Although we found the increase in human fatalities to 2.16/year was significant(p<0.05),overall human injuries were down slightly,though not significantly(5.16/year;p>0.05).However,we also found an increasing trend in livestock depredation rates for this same five-year period(p<0.05),which averaged 159.6 head/year among incidents reported.We also found that winter was the main season when depredations occurred,and that goats were the most depredated of all livestock.A total US $86,892.25($17,378.45/year) of economic losses were incurred by communities during this time,with 78.57% of the total value reimbursed as compensatory relief through the government’s relief fund.We recommend that the use of predator-proof livestock corrals,greater awareness in local communities about wildlife behavior,better animal husbandry and security practices,and a more efficient compensation program,can improve coexistence between leopard populations and human communities in western Nepal.

非正常损失下增值税损失补偿责任之重构

由管理不善行为导致的非正常损失特殊情形,被保险人客观上遭受之税额损失未能得到保险人充分补偿。近因原则下税额损失与造成非正常损失之保险事故紧密联系,是“一因多果”逻辑下非正常损失结果之延续及扩大。保险人在保险范围内不予赔付之行为,不符合损失补偿原则中“充分补偿”之要义。实务当中裁判标尺不统一需通过立法完善:应明确在过失性管理不善情形下之损失为非正常损失;在保险范围内,保险人针对非正常损失情形之补偿,应一并补偿税额损失,以达至保险人义务之完全履行;在保险范围外,本着为企业纾困之目的,应将留抵退税作为法定救济渠道,对遭受非正常损失之企业予以适当补偿。

物之使用利益的损害赔偿研究

权利人的物因遭受他人侵害毁损、灭失,该物在修理、重置过程中,权利人丧失对物的正常使用,导致使用利益受损。我国《民法典》中并无使用利益损害赔偿的一般性规定,司法实践中却存在大量相关案例,因此研究物之使用利益损害赔偿的原理与规则有其必要性。侵害物之使用利益能否构成侵权的关键点在于使用利益是否为受侵权法保护的民事权益。而权利人能否请求损害赔偿,还须证明使用利益遭受侵害时确实存在财产上的损害。无损害即无赔偿,但并非所有的损害都必然会得到填补,因此对物之使用利益的损害的具体赔偿仍需区分探讨:将物分为具有经营性目的的物和不具有经营性目的的物,对于不具有经营性目的的物可根据是否支出替代费用细化区分,没有实际支出替代费用的还须再判断其是否为生活必需品。

两种直升机多舱油箱惰化系统代偿损失比较

针对某型直升机多舱油箱,设计了冷却空气控温和燃油热沉控温的2种多舱油箱惰化系统。基于AMESim平台搭建了这2种系统模型,研究了这2种系统的控温效果和各舱油箱参数变化规律,并且引入代偿损失指标对这2种系统性能进行评估。仿真结果表明:2种惰化系统均能控制膜前温度维持在90℃;燃油热沉控温的多舱油箱惰化系统在整个飞行过程中,各舱油箱中最高燃油温度小于32℃,没有超过许用限制;对于直升机而言,由于油箱相比大型客机而言体积较小,通过计算可得,冷却空气控温的多舱油箱惰化系统的燃油代偿损失小于燃油热沉控温的多舱油箱惰化系统的燃油代偿损失。仿真结果为多舱油箱惰化系统的设计和优化提供了参考依据。

湿地生态补偿制度的新解构与规则的再建构

在生态中心主义的视域下,引入零净损失原则,对湿地生态补偿制度进行新解构:对于开发造成的无法避免且已最小化的不利影响,通过贯彻落实“开发者保护”原则,实现对特定生态系统和自然资源的补偿,达到特定生态系统和自然资源整体上的无减损甚至增长。围绕这一制度概念,借鉴融合美国湿地缓解银行和英国公益信托的制度优势,可从交易机制、运营机制、评估定价机制及监管机制4个方面,构建中国湿地生态补偿制度———“湿地信托银行”,促进湿地生态保护目标的实现。

考虑EV充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度

随着电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)普及度的不断提高,工业园区内的EV用户日益增多,其充放电行为给园区综合能源系统(park integrated energy system,PIES)的规划运行带来极大挑战。文中提出考虑EV充放电意愿的PIES双层优化调度。首先,基于动态实时电价、电池荷电量、电池损耗补偿、额外参与激励等因素建立充放电意愿模型,在此基础上得到改进的EV充放电模型;然后,以PIES总成本最小和EV充电费用最小为目标建立双层优化调度模型,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件将内层模型转化为外层模型的约束条件,从而快速稳定地实现单层模型的求解;最后,进行仿真求解,设置3种不同场景,对比所提模型与一般充放电意愿模型,验证了文中所提引入EV充放电意愿模型的PIES双层优化调度的有效性和可行性。

面向风电机组转速量测信号缺失的弹性控制策略研究

随着风能利用规模的不断增长,风电机组通信系统的脆弱性逐渐暴露,通信链路中时常出现一些故障或拒绝服务攻击,导致量测信号缺失。针对风电机组中转子转速量测信号缺失的问题,提出一种切换型弹性控制策略。首先,建立风电机组系统动态及故障/拒绝服务攻击模型;然后,设计神经网络观测器用于补偿故障/攻击造成的转子转速量测信号缺失;最后,设计切换型弹性控制策略以缓解故障/攻击影响,并基于FAST软件中1.5 MW风电机组进行实验验证。实验结果表明,所提弹性控制方案对于减轻故障/攻击影响、保证转子转速输出跟踪性能、延长风电机组正常使用时间具有显著的优势。

柔性互联输配一体化电网有损潮流的精细化建模及应用

多端柔性互联输配一体化电网内部的运行方式复杂、网损特性差异显著,导致传统一刀切的网损补偿方法难以准确刻画网损的实际情况,影响了输(配)电交直流有损潮流模型的应用潜力和输配边界潮流的一致性。为此,该文提出一种基于双层定点迭代的精细化有损潮流模型。针对网损补偿方法不准确的问题,综合考虑网络类型、数据属性和物理特征等因素,为输、配电网及交、直流电网的精准有损潮流分析建立了差异化的网损补偿模型。针对输配边界潮流的不一致问题,将输配一体化有损潮流建模为一个双层定点迭代问题,并采用主从分裂法实现协同求解。在多个算例中分析了不同有损潮流模型的性能差异及其原因,讨论了所提模型在求解精度、收敛速度和计算效率等方面的优势,验证了所提模型在不同控制方式和优化目标下的鲁棒性和通用性。

侵害人格权益造成财产损失的酌定赔偿

在司法实践中,作为兜底方案的酌定赔偿对于解决侵害人格权益造成财产损失的纠纷起着举足轻重的作用。酌定赔偿应遵循检索递进的启动原则,在被侵权人所受到的损失与侵权人所获得的利益均难以确定时,始可由被侵权人申请启动或由法院依职权启动。酌定对象不涉及被侵权人为制止侵权行为所支付的合理开支,具体应在被侵权人所受到的损失或侵权人所获得的利益中选择较高者作为酌定对象。为尽可能地维护酌定结果的客观性,酌定赔偿的路径选择应作如下区分:若是存在拟制的许可使用费等客观标准可供援引,则应优先选用,并以此为基础再作调整;否则,也应以客观酌定因素为主,主观或其他酌定因素为辅进行综合考量。