Fe2O3含量对青花色料呈色的影响

实验以二氧化三铁、氧化钴、氧化锰、釉果为主要原料,采用单因素实验法,探究了青花色料中Fe2O3/CoO对青花瓷色度值、微观结构、晶相组成的影响。实验结果表明,随着青花色料配方中Fe2O3/CoO比值增大,青花瓷着色区域表面析出大量的1~3μm磁铁矿晶体并且发育越来越好,使得青花瓷呈现黑色调增强蓝色调减弱的现象。

Fe2O3、CoO和NiO对KX催化甲苯甲醇侧链烷基化反应的影响

采用离子交换法和浸渍法制备了x%Fe2O3/KX、y%CoO/KX和z%NiO/KX催化剂,通过ICP-AES、TG、Py-IR和TPD对其进行了表征,并考察了铁族元素氧化物Fe2O3、CoO和NiO改性KX对催化甲苯甲醇侧链烷基化反应性能的影响。结果表明,对于x%Fe2O3/KX催化剂,随着KX上Fe2O3负载量的逐渐增大,甲醇转化率逐渐提高,乙苯收率先升高后降低,苯乙烯收率逐渐降低;对于y%CoO/KX催化剂,随着KX上CoO负载量的逐渐增大,甲醇转化率明显提高,乙苯收率先升高后降低,苯乙烯收率急剧降低;对于z%NiO/KX催化剂,随着KX上NiO负载量的逐渐增大,甲醇转化率有微弱的降低,乙苯和苯乙烯收率均急剧降低,甲苯脱烷基产物苯的收率明显提高。

Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Fe_2O_3-NiO composites for formation of Fe-Ni alloy using carbon monoxide

The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases rapidly with increasing the content of NiO, and the presence of NiO also improves the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is found that NiO is preferentially reduced at the beginning of the reactions, and then the metallic Ni acts as a catalyst promoting the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is also observed that the increase of the Ni O content enhances the formation of awaruite(FeNi3) but decreases the percentage of kamacite(Fe,Ni) and taenite(Fe,Ni). The particle size of the materials tends to be uniform during the reduction process due to the presence of metallic nickel, metallic iron and the formation of Fe-Ni alloy. The concentration of CO in the product gas is greater than that of CO2 at the beginning of the reaction and then slows down. The fastest reduction rate of Fe2O3-NiO composites with CO appears at 400-500 °C, and nucleation growth model can be used to elucidate the reduction mechanism. Nucleation growth process is found to be the rate controlling step when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C.

复合固体超强酸S_2O_8^(2-)/Fe_2O_3CoO催化合成乙酸正丁酯

采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了复合固体超强酸S2O2-8/Fe2O3 CoO,并以S2O2-8/Fe2O3 CoO为催化剂,冰醋酸和正丁醇为原料合成乙酸正丁酯.结果表明:S2O2-8/Fe2O3 CoO的催化活性大于S2O2-8/Fe2O3和S2O2-8/Fe2O3 ZnO,CoO的存在对超强酸性有调变作用,当V(正丁醇)∶V(乙酸)=3∶1,m(催化剂)∶m(乙酸)=0 8∶100,反应时间为2 5h时,乙酸正丁酯转化率≥98%,催化剂可重复使用4次以上.

Effect of La_2O_3/Ce O_2 particle size on high-temperature oxidation resistance of electrodeposited Ni-La_2O_3/Ce O_2 composites

Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composite films were prepared by electrodeposition from a nickel sulfate bath containing certain content of micrometer and nanometer La2O3/CeO2 particles. The effect of La2O3 or CeO2 particle size on the oxidation resistance of the electrodeposited Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composites in air at 1000 °C was studied. The results indicate that, compared with the electrodeposited Ni-film, Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composites exhibit a superior oxidation resistance due to the codeposited La2O3 or CeO2 particles blocking the outward diffusion of nickel. Moreover, compared with nanoparticles, La2O3 or CeO2 microparticles have stronger effect because La2O3 or CeO2 microparticles also act as a diffusion barrier layer at the onset of oxidation.

Effect of CuO particle size on synthesis temperature and microstructure of Al_2O_(3p)-Al composites from Al-CuO system

Al2O3p-Al composites were synthesized using an in-situ reaction in the 80%Al-20%CuO （mass fraction） system. The effects of the CuO particle size on the synthesis temperature and microstructure of the composites were investigated by various methods. The results indicate that the CuO particle size has a significant effect on the temperature at which the complete reaction in the Al-CuO system occurs：the temperature is 200 ℃ lower in the Al-CuO system containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm than that containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm. The interfacial bonding between Al2O3 particles and Al is not complete when the temperature is below a critical value. The morphology of the Al2O3 particles varies from ribbon-like shape to near spherical shape when the temperature is above a critical value. These two critical temperatures are affected by the particle size of CuO, and the critical temperature of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm is 100 ℃ lower than that of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm.

Fe、La掺杂和氧缺陷对CeO_(2)表面吸附As_(2)O_(3)的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了As_(2)O_(3)(g)在Fe、La掺杂CeO_(2)(110)表面及氧缺陷LaCeO(110)表面的吸附行为,探索了LaCeO表面砷吸附能力显著高于FeCeO表面的主要原因。结果表明,As_(2)O_(3)(g)的吸附效果与吸附位点数量、吸附能、键长和电荷转移密切相关。纯CeO_(2)表面的吸附主要为化学吸附,吸附能绝对值大于−4.22 eV,电荷转移量为(−0.19)−(−0.31)e,As_(2)O_(3)得到电荷带负电,起表面受主作用,因此吸附量较小。FeCeO(110)表面新增Fe顶位和Bridge-2桥位两个吸附位,其中,Fe顶位为化学吸附,Fe掺杂改变了FeCeO表面电子分布和晶格结构,但并未改变As_(2)O_(3)与FeCeO之间的电荷转移方向,因此,As_(2)O_(3)仍呈负离子形式吸附。LaCeO(110)表面新增了三个吸附位:La顶位、Bridge-3桥位和Hollow-2空位,La掺杂改变了As_(2)O_(3)与LaCeO之间的电荷转移方向,使得As_(2)O_(3)失电子呈正离子吸附,起表面施主作用,因此,吸附能力增强。无O_(2)环境下,单一O缺陷LaCeO(110)表面吸附能力低于完整LaCeO表面;有O_(2)环境下,O缺陷有利于As_(2)O_(3)的吸附。

CoO和Cr2O3复合掺杂对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金技术制备CoO和Cr2O3复合掺杂17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷材料,通过XRD、SEM分析了材料的物相和形貌,并检测了材料的相对密度、显微硬度、断裂韧性及抗弯强度,探究不同含量、不同比例的CoO和Cr2O3复合掺杂剂对金属陶瓷材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:CoO和Cr2O3复合掺杂剂固溶到陶瓷基体相NiFe2O4晶格中,促进了烧结致密化,金属陶瓷的力学性能也随之提升。当添加CoO和Cr2O3复合掺杂剂总量为1%(CoO/Cr2O3质量比1∶2)时,金属陶瓷的硬度和断裂韧性分别高达740.65N/mm^2和9.61MPa·m^1/2,较未掺杂的金属陶瓷试样分别提高了7.35%和169.19%;当添加CoO和Cr2O3复合掺杂剂总量为2%(CoO/Cr2O3质量比2∶1)时,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度高达175.66MPa,较未掺杂的金属陶瓷试样提高了31.97%。

High performance columnar-like Fe2O3@carbon composite anode via yolk@shell structural design

Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries(LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume change and low electronic conductivity greatly hinder their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, the successful design of yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid composed of a columnar-like Fe2O3 core within a hollow cavity completely surrounded by a thin, self-supported carbon(C) shell is presented as an anode for high-performance LIBs. This yolk@shell structure allows each Fe2O3 core to swell upon lithiation without deforming the carbon shell. This preserves the structural and electrical integrity against pulverization, as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) measurement. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the resulting electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity(1013 m Ah g-1 after80 cycles at 0.2 A g-1), outstanding rate capability(710 m Ah g-1 at 8 A g-1) and superior cycling stability(800 m Ah g-1 after 300 cycles at 4 A g-1). A Li-ion full cell using prelithiated yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid as the anode and commercial Li CoO2(LCO) as the cathode demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate, holding great promise for future practical applications.

Preparation and properties of a nano TiO_2/Fe_3O_4 composite superparamagnetic photocatalyst

Nano TiO2/Fe3O4 composite particles with different molar ratios of TiO2 to Fe3O4 were prepared via sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and vibration sample magnetometry were used to characterize the TiO2/Fe3O4 particles. The photocatalytic activity of the particles was tested by degrading methyl blue solution under UV illumination （254 nm）. The results indicate that with the content of TiO2 increasing, the photocatalytic activity of the composite particles enhances, while the magnetism of the particles decreases. When the molar ratio of TiO2 to Fe3O4 is about 8, both the photocatalytic activity and magnetism of the TiO2/Fe3O4 particles are relatively high, and their photocatalytic activity remains well after repeated use.

A ternary phased SnO_2-Fe_2O_3/SWCNTs nanocomposite as a high performance anode material for lithium ion batteries

A new SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs（single-walled carbon nanotubes） ternary nanocomposite was first synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach.SnO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles（NPs） were homogeneously located on the surface of SWCNTs,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscope（TEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.Due to the synergistic effect of different components,the as synthesized SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs composite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 692 mAh·g-1 which could be maintained after 50 cycles at 200 mA·g-1.Even at a high rate of2000 mA·g-1,the capacity was still remained at 656 mAh·g-1.

Properties of Hot-Pressed Al_2O_3-Fe Composites

Alumina-(0 similar to 20 vol. pct) iron composites were fabricated by hot-pressing of well-mixed-alumina and iron powders at 1400 degreesC and 30 MPa for 30 min. Hot-pressed bodies with nearly theoretical density were obtained for addition up to 10 vol. pct Fe, but relative density decreased gradually with further increase in Fe addition. The materials exhibit a homogeneous dispersion of Fe. Fracture strength of the composites exhibits a maximum value of 604 MPa at 15 vol. pct Fe, which is 1.5 times that of alumina alone. Fracture toughness increases with the increase in Fe content, reaching 7.5 MPa.m(1/2) at 20 vol. pct Fe. The theoretical values of fracture toughness was calculated and compared with the experimental one. Toughening mechanisms of the composites are also discussed.

Absorption performance of DMSA modified Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core/shell magnetic nanocomposite for Pb^(2+) removal

The purpose of this study is to explore the adsorption performance of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA)modified Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite(Fe3O4@SiO2@DMSA)for Pb2+ions removal from aqueous solutions.The effects of solution pH,initial concentration of Pb2+ions,contact time,and temperature on the amount of Pb2+adsorbed were investigated.Adsorption isotherms,adsorption kinetics,and thermodynamic analysis were also studied.The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@SiO2@DMSA composite is 50.5 mg/g at 298 K,which is higher than that of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles.The adsorption process agreed well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and pseudo second-order kinetics.The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous,endothermic and energetically driven in nature.

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructure and tribological behavior of Al_(2)O_(3p) reinforced 7075 aluminum-matrix composites

The effects of hot extrusion and addition of Al_(2)O_(3p) on both microstructure and tribological behavior of 7075 composites were investigated via optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental consequences reveal that the optimal addition of Al_(2)O_(3p) was 2 wt%.After hot extrusion,the Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phases partially dissolve into the matrix and generate many uniformly distributed aging precipitation particles,the Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe phases are squeezed and broken,and the Al_(2)O_(3p) become uniform distribution.The microhardness of as-extruded 2 wt%Al_(2)O_(3p)/7075 composites reaches HV 170.34,increased by 41.5%than as-cast composites.The wear rate of as-extruded 2 wt%Al_(2)O_(3p)/7075 composites is further lower than that of as-cast composites under the same condition.SEM-EDS analyses reveal that the reinforced wear resistance of composites can put down to the protective effect of the Al_(2)O_(3p) reinforced transition layer.After hot extrusion,the transition layer becomes stable,which determines the reinforced wear resistance of the as-extruded composites.

Effect of MoSi_2 content on dielectric and mechanical properties of MoSi_2/Al_2O_3 composite coatings

Molybdenum disilicide （MoSi2） sheath and aluminum oxide （Al2O3） core blended powders were fabricated by spray drying. A derived coating material was produced for the application as microwave absorbers using the as prepared powders by atmospheric plasma spray （APS） technology. The effects of MoSi2/Al2O3 mass ratio on the dielectric and physical mechanical properties of the composite coatings were investigated. When the MoSi2 content of the composites increases from 0 to 45%, the flexure strength and fracture toughness improve from 198 to 324 MPa and 3.05 to 4.82 MPa-m1/2 then decline to 310 MPa and 4.67 MPa-m1/2, respectively. The dielectric loss tangent increases with increasing MoSi2 content, and the real part of permittivity decreases conversely over the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz. These effects are due to the agglomeration of early molten MoSi2 particles and the increase of the electrical conductivity with increasing MoSi2 content.

Effects of Y_2O_3 on Thermal Shock of Al_2O_3/TiCN Composites

Thermal shock resistance of Al2O3-TiCN(30%)-Y2O3(0.2%) composite was studied by hot pressing(HP) method at different temperatures. The study shows that thermal shock resistance of the material is determined by its microstructure and reinforced mechanism. According to SEM and calculation of thermal shock, the fractured surface of Al2O3-30%TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 composite is undulate. The residual strength of Al2O3-30%TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 is higher than Al2O3-30%TiCN at 200～800 ℃ after thermal shock. Cracks initiation resistance (R′)and cracks propagation resistance (R″″)of Al2O3-30%TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 composite increases 12% and 5% respectively compared with that of Al2O3-30%TiCN. It matches with experimental results. The addition of Y2O3 forms YAG that inhibits crystal growth, and increases fracture stress, fracture toughness, cracks initiation resistance and cracks propagation resistance. Therefore, thermal shock resistance increases. The fracture work of Al2O3-30%TiCN and Al2O3-30%TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 composites are 132 and 148 J·m-2 respectively.

Effect of Al2O3np on the Properties and Microstructure of B4Cp/Al Composites

Aluminum-matrix boron carbide (B4Cp/Al) is a kind of neutron absorbing material widely used in nuclear spent fuel storage. In order to improve the tensile property of B4Cp/Al composites, a new type of nano-Al2O3 particle (Al2O3np) reinforced B4Cp/Al + Al2O3np composites were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The Monte Carlo particle transport program (MCNP) was used to determine the influence of Al2O3np on the thermal neutron absorptivity of composites. The universal material testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the mechanical properties, microstructure and fracture morphology of B4Cp/Al composites. The results indicated that the neutron absorption properties of B4Cp/Al composites were not affected by the addition of nano-Al2O3 particles in the range of 1 wt%-15 wt%. The addition of Al2O3np can obviously reduce the grain size of B4Cp/Al matrix metals thus improve the tensile strength of the composites. The addition threshold of Al2O3np is about 2.5 wt%. Both B4Cp and Al2O3np change the fracture characteristics of the composites from toughness to brittleness, and the latter is more important.

Effects of Cerium on the Mechanical Properties of the ZA22／Al_2O_3 Composites

ZA22/Al2O3 composites were prepared by means of squeeze casting process. The effects of Ce on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), impact toughness, and hardness of the composites were studied. The results show that both the UTS and the hardness are improved and the impact toughness is decreased with the increase of the volume fraction of fibers (Vf). After Ce is added ,UTS (Vf>15%) and the hardness are improved at room temperature because of the modification of Ce, but the impact toughness and UTS at elevated temperature are lowered.The filtered action of the fiber preform results in that the influence of the amount of Ce added from 0. 1 wt% to 0. 5 wt% on the mechanical properties of the composites can be ignored.

Effect of Nano-ZrO_2 on Microstructure and Thermal Shock Behaviour of Al_2O_3/SiC Composite Ceramics Used in Solar Thermal Power

The Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）-SiC composite ceramics used in solar thermal power were prepared by micrometric Al2O3,nano-ZrO2 and SiC powders under the condition of pressureless sintering.The bulk density and bending strength of samples with 10vol% nano-ZrO2 sintered at 1480℃ were 3.222 g/cm3 and 160.4MPa,respectively.The bending strength of samples after 7 times thermal shock tests （quenching from 1000℃ to 25℃ in air medium） is 132.0MPa,loss rate of bending strength is only 17%.The effect of nano-ZrO2 content on the microstructure and performance of Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）-SiC composite ceramic was investigated.The experimental results show that the bending strength of samples with above 10vol% nano-ZrO2 content has decreased,because the volume expansion resulting from t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 phase transformation is excessive;Adding proper nano-ZrO2 would be contributed to improve the thermal shock resistance of the composite ceramics.The Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）-SiC composite ceramic has promising potential application in solar thermal power.

单分散性Fe_3O_4/CoO/SiO_2复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

采用溶剂热法,在160℃下,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,制备Fe3O4/CoO复合纳米粒子;然后采用St觟ber法,在35℃下,以氨水催化正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),制备Fe3O4/CoO/SiO2复合纳米粒子。考察反应物配比、氨水浓度、醇水比对Fe3O4/CoO/SiO2复合粒子磁学性能的影响。对复合纳米粒子采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、交流梯度磁强计(VSM)、差热分析(DTA)等手段进行表征分析。结果表明:Fe3O4/CoO/SiO2复合纳米粒子晶形生长良好,粒径在20nm左右。利用CoO进行表面修饰后,提高了纳米Fe3O4粒子的饱和磁化强度,通过包覆SiO2进行表面改性后,提高了纳米Fe3O4粒子的分散性和稳定性。实验确定了Fe3O4/CoO复合粒子与TEOS的摩尔比1∶2、TEOS与氨水的摩尔比1∶3、无水乙醇与蒸馏水的体积比2∶1为最佳反应物配比。