Spatio-temporal Evaluation of Multi-scale Cultivated Land System Resilience in Black Soil Region from 2000 to 2019:A Case Study of Liaoning Province,Northeast China

It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cultivated land quality decline,posing major hidden dangers to food security.It is urgent to evaluate the CLSR at multiple spatio-temporal scales.This study took Liaoning Province in the black soil region of Northeast China as an example.Based on the resilience theory,this study constructed the CLSR evaluation system from the input-feedback perspective at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,and used the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method(RSR) to analyze the key influencing factors of CLSR in Liaoning Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2019.The results showed that:1) the time series changes of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale in Liaoning Province were similar,both showing an increasing trend.2) The CLSR in Liaoning Province presented a spatial pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’ at the city-scale.3) There were seven and six main influencing factors of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,respectively.In addition to the net income per capita of rural households,other influencing factors of CLSR were different at the provincial-scale and the city-scale.The feedback factors were dominant at the provincial-scale,and the input factors and feedback factors were dominant at the city-scale.The results could provide a reference for the utilization of black soil and draw on the experience of regional agricultural planning and adjustment.

Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Family Farms from the Perspective of Land Transfer——Taking Rudong County as an Example

With the reform of agriculture, family farms have become hot spots in the reform of agricultural management system. Taking Rudong County of Jiangsu Province for an example, the land transfer performance of family farms was evalu- ated using the first hand data from field investigation by building an index system for comprehensive performance evaluation of family farm land transfer covering three dimensions of economy, society and ecology. The results show that land transfer in family farm mode has realized the scale management of land, enhanced the agri- cultural level of science and technology, effectively promoted the structural adjust- ment of agriculture and income increase of farmers, advanced the development of eco-agriculture, and achieved good economic and social performances. However, in the development process of family farms, inputs of agro-chemicals, fertilizers and other agro-products have brought about the eco-environmental problems, which are still worth noting.

Benefit Evaluation on Land Comprehensive Consolidation in the Small Towns——A Case of Daxing District,Beijing,China

Taking Daxing District,Beijing,China as a example,benefit evaluation index system of small-town land comprehensive consolidation isestablished from four aspects of resource benefit,economic benefit,social benefit and ecological benefit.Weight of evaluation index is determinedby analytic hierarchy process.After the standardized treatment on the original value index,comprehensive index method is adopted to evaluate theland comprehensive consolidation benefits in 14 towns of Daxing District in the year 2005,combining with the index weight determined by analytic hi-erarchy process.Evaluation result shows that areas having significant effects are Yizhuang Town,Xihongmen Town,Yinghai Town,and JiugongTown,which are concentrated in rural-urban continuum with significant location advantages and good economic and infrastructure status.Areashaving good effects are Changziying Town,Huangcun Town,Panggezhuang Town,Beizangcun Town,and Yufa Town,which are located alongYongding River,with abundant farmland resources and good ecological environment.Areas having general effects are Weishan Town,QingyundianTown,and Anding Town,with insignificant location advantages.Areas with no significant effects are Lixian Town and Caiyu Town,with relativelypoor location,resource,and economic development status.

Study on Urban Construction Land Suitability Evaluation in Southwestern Mountainous Areas of Yunnan Province Based on the Strategy of "Protecting Farmland in Flatland Areas and Constructing Mountainous Cities" : A Case in Lianghe County

According to the particularity of towns＇ construction in the southwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, this study has built constructive land suit- ability evaluation index system which is different to flat area. Then this study deter- mined single evaluation factors index and comprehensive suitability index using ＂ex- treme conditions method＂ and ＂suitability index method＂, and analyzed and assessed the constructive land suitability on each evaluation unit polygons and its suitability level by using GIS software. Taking Lianghe County of Dehong Dai-Jingpo Au- tonomous Prefecture as an example to evaluate land suitability in Lianghe County＇s main towns around the gentle slope, the results show, in the evaluation area, the area of land suitable for construction and unsuitable for construction respectively ac- count 73.58% and 26.42%. And first-class, second and third-class of land suitable for construction should be composited at the ratio of about 11：49：40. The suitability evaluation index system and method developed in this paper is applicable for evalu- ating the construction land suitability in mountainous areas of southwest Yunnan Province, and will provide theoretical and technical support for land policy measures which strengthen the protection of farmland and promote the scientific development of urbanization in Yunnan Province and even similar mountainous areas of the whole China.

Potential Analysis of Inefficient Garden Land and Residual Forest Land Remediation in Comprehensive Land Remediation of the Whole Region—A Case Study of Zhemu Town, Guilin City, China

The remediation of inefficient garden land and defective forest land is one of the important sources and types of supplementary cultivated land in the comprehensive land remediation of the whole region. The remediation and development of inefficient garden land and defective forest land will effectively alleviate the multiple pressures faced by cultivated land at present. Taking Zhemu Town, Guilin City, China as an example, on that basis of the data of the third national land survey, using analytic hierarchy process, this paper selects six evaluation factors, including water source, traffic, slope, field concentration, farmland infrastructure and villagers’ will, to study the remediation potential of inefficient garden land and defective forest land in Zhemu Town, and delimits four potential divisions, in order to provide the basis for the arrangement of land remediation projects in Zhemu Town. The results show that the northern, central and western regions of Zhemu Town have great remediation potential.

Theoretical Study on the Regional Comprehensive Price of Expropriated Agricultural Land Based on the Benchmark Land Price

So far,the work of calculating the regional comprehensive price of expropriated agricultural land has been carried out for more than ten years,but in the specific calculation process,the concept and calculation method of the regional comprehensive price of expropriated land are still lack of unified standards.In this paper,from the point of view of the benchmark land price,the regional comprehensive price of expropriated agricultural land is calculated by using the relatively mature benchmark land price.

Exploration on the Path of Whole-region Comprehensive Land Consolidation under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Based on the specific concept of whole-region comprehensive land consolidation and the development history of land consolidation in China,the internal relationship between rural revitalization strategy and whole-region comprehensive land consolidation is clarified from the perspective of historical development,and the problems faced by whole-region comprehensive land consolidation,such as rural"hollowing out",weak linkage between execution departments and neglect of ecological restoration,are deeply analyzed.Furthermore,some new paths for whole-region land consolidation are put forward,such as strengthening the top-level system design,handling the relationship between stock and increment,evaluating the potential of rural land consolidation,coordinating the win-win cooperation between middle-level executive departments,encouraging the innovation at the bottom and enhancing the comprehensive management of ecological environment.

A Preliminary Study on the Problems and Improvement of the Latest Land Use Classification System in China

The establishment of a unified land use classification system is the basis for realizing the unified management of land and sea,urban and rural areas,and aboveground and underground space.In November 2020,the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China issued the Classification Guide for Land and Space Survey,Planning and Use Control of Land and Sea(for Trial Implementation),which aims to establish a national unified land and sea use classification system,lay an important foundation for scientific planning and unified management of natural resources,rational use and protection of natural resources,and speed up the construction of a new pattern of land and space development and protection.However,there are still some obvious shortcomings in the Classification Guide.This paper analyzes some problems existing in this classification standard from three aspects of logicality,rigorousness and comprehensiveness,and puts forward some suggestions for further improvement.This has important practical significance to better guiding the practice of land use and land resources management,and then to achieving the goal of unified management of natural resources.

Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on Soil Improvement and Wheat Growth Characteristics in Saline-alkali Land

[Objectives]This study was conducted to further enrich the research on saline-alkali land improvement,and explore the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis HM-3 in saline-alkali land improvement and crop growth promotion.[Methods]Wheat was planted in saline-alkali land in Huanghua City,Hebei Province,and a mixed application experiment was carried out using biological agents from Hemiao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.[Results]Compared with the field of control check(CK),water-soluble salts and pH value in the experimental fields decreased,and living bacteria count in the soil increased.Meanwhile,the economic characters of wheat in the experimental fields showed excellent performance,with yields increasing by 39.09%and 27.49%compared with the CK.It could be seen that the application of biological bacterial fertilizers achieved obvious effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing wheat yield.[Conclusions]In this study,the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers on saline-alkali land and wheat growth characters were clarified,providing some technical support and theoretical guidance for wheat planting in Huanghua saline-alkali land.

Comparing the soil quality changes of different land uses determined by two quantitative methods

Soil quality is one of the most important environmental factors in sustaining the global biosphere and developing sustainable agricultural practices. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China to elucidate the soil quality changes of natural secondary succession, forest planting and agricultural practices after deforestation in the humid mountainous region. The soil qualities of six land use types (natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land and reforested land) were compared using two quantitative methods: the integrated soil quality index(QI) and soil deterioration index(DI). The QI values of natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land, reforested land were 0.8039, 0.3277, 0.9127, 0.6881, 0.0285 and 0.3183, respectively. The DI values were 0%, -14%, 12%, 1%, -26% and -18% respectively. Both indexes suggested that shrub land can restore soil properties. To compare the two methods more directly, a deduced index QI′ based on QI value was developed. The results showed that DI and QI′had a very high linear correlation coefficient (r=0.9775) despite the values were different. Both methods were efficient in evaluating the soil quality levels and DI was a more simple way in soil quality assessment, while QI could show more ecological meanings.

Land use and landscape pattern change: a linkage to the construction of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway

Based on digital land use data from 1995 to 2000 and road data, the land use and landscape changes of Golmud, Qumaleb and Zhidoi are studied on a macro-scale. Land use and landscape changes in highway buffer zones and city expansion are special subjects. A new formula is used to define the exact degree of dynamic land use. To adequately define land use and landscape pattern changes, the buffer zones, illustrating the changes at different distances from the road, are recognized with ArcGIS 8.1 software. Prominent changes took place in land use and landscape patterns from 1995 to 2000, and the area of built-up land increased by 323.8%. The comprehensive degree of dynamic land use is 2.25, and the degree of dynamic land use of built-up land is the highest, followed by cultivated land. Woodland has the lowest value. The used degree index of land resources declined by 38.8 from 1995 to 2000. Landscape changed dramatically which influenced ecological processes immensely. Different from the corridor effect of other traffic routes, the corridor effect of this section of road is not obvious and its “point” radiation effect can be easily seen. The expanding range of Golmud City is confined to a 3 km buffer, while for Wudaoliang, it is 1 km. No land use change happened in the Nanshankou buffer.

Evaluation on Urban Land Ecological Security Based on the PSR Model and Matter-Element Analysis: A Case Study of Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.

The Salt Reduction and Yield Increase Effects of Smashing Ridging Transforming Saline-alkali Land and Its Development Prospects

Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015 -2016. The results showed, in severe saline-alkali soil of Xin-jiang ,after growing cotton by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 31.31 %, cotton production increased by 48.80%, and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi, after growing summer corn by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 42.37%, corn yield increased by 34.83%, salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland ; in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 7 Gansu ,Jilin, Henan, Hebei, and so on, smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted ; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging, the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.

Physical principle of wind erosion on sandy land surface in southern Beijing

The endangerment of aeolian sand is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems facing the southern suburb of Beijing. To control wind erosion is thus a matter of great urgency. This paper chooses typical land-use types, i.e., cultivated land, wild grassland, drifting sandy land, etc. based on the fixed experimental observation and quantitative analysis, to conduct studies on the principles and characteristics of aeolian activities and measures controlling wind erosion in Daxing District of Beijing, The results show that： the near ground wind velocity yielded the logarithmic distribution with height; there are significant differences among different ground cover roughness; there are significant differences in the corresponding friction velocities caused by different properties of the underlying surface; there are differences in the threshold wind velocities speed in different land .use types; and there are minus exponential relations between the sediment discharge percentage and the height at a range of 0-20 cm air flow layer, Different land use types result in various degrees of coarse component. There is a significant exponential relation between sediment transport concentration and wind velocity.

Effects of Soil Improver on Wheat in Saline-Alkali Lands in the Yellow River Delta

Field experiment carried out to test the effects of soil improver on wheat yield and soil physical-chemical properties. The results indicated that soil improver could optimize soil aggregates structure, decrease soil bulk density, soil pH and soil salt content, increase soil organic matter and 1 000-grain weight, thereby enhancing wheat yield. With the increase of soil improver application amount, soil physical-chemical properties became better and wheat yield increased. However, there was no significant difference in the treatments with the application amounts of 3%, 4% and 5%. In addition, the treatment of reducing nitrogen showed no superiority in soil physical-chemical properties and wheat yield, indicating that sufficient nitrogen was essential for the growth of wheat.

Provincial-level Land Consolidation and Ecological Environment Protection Based on the Perspective of Planning

Based on the understanding of current land ecological environment in Anhui Province,we mainly analyze the relationship between land consolidation planning and ecological environment,and point out the problems concerning ecological environment,such as great soil erosion,serious soil pollution,frequent geological disasters in local areas,and forest vegetation destruction.We divide the key ecological function conservation areas into the following areas:River Source Area,River and Flood Regulation and Storage Area,Key Water Conservation Area,Wind-preventing and Sand-fixing Area,Soil and Water Conservation Area.Finally we put forth the ecological security strategy for promoting land consolidation and ecological environmental protection.

Application of Improved SPA Method in the Comprehensive Assessment of Groundwater Environment Quality:A Case Study of Jinjiang, Fujian Province

This paper applied the set pair analysis with improved five-element connection degree to assess shallow groundwater quality of Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, and used map to show the spatial distribution. The assessment results showed that most groundwater in the district was in the grade I and II, i.e. the overall groundwater environment in this area was favorable; groundwater of grade III(poorer level) was mainly distributed in Dongshi Town in the coastal region, and the total area was smaller. Major out-of-limit factors are TDS, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, and chloride, therefore, industrial and agricultural development, human activities and seawater invasion were major causes for the aggravation of water quality.

Models for Analyzing the Driving Force of Cultivated Land Supply Change

This paper focuses on a series of quantitative an al ysis models, such as grey relational analysis model, hierarchical cluster an alysis model, principal component analysis model, linear regression model and elastic coefficient model. These models are used to analyze the comprehensive function and effect of driving forces systemically, including analysis on featur es, analysis for differentiating the primary and the secondary, analysis on comp rehensive effects, analysis of elasticity, analysis of prediction. The primary a nd characteristic factors can be extracted by analysis of features and analysis for differentiating the primary and the secondary. Analysis on prediction an d elasticity can predict the area of cultivated land in the future and find out which factors exert great influence on the cultivated land supply.

Comprehensive Refurbishment of 200 MW Thermal Power Generating Units

This paper introduces the refurbishmentof 200 MW generating units in NortheastPower Network in recent years, to improvetheir operation reliability, economy,adjustability and controllability. It mainlydescribes the advanced technology used inimproving the combustion, optimizingpulverized coal distribution, economizerantiwear and strengthening heat transfer ofboiler sets and the refurbishment effects. Itintroduces technical measures and prot1ts inretro fit of flow passage of triple-flow lowpressure steam turbines, as well as theapplication of digital electronic hydraulic(DEH) govemors to realize the coordinatedcontrol and energy saving of generating units.(I) Refurbish ment of 200 MWBoiler Equipment in NortheastPower NetworkAbstractThis part introduces some measuresperformed to improve the operation level of2OO MW boiler sets of the power plants inNortheast Power Network in recent years.including the application of conce11trated(conc)-weak c0mbustion technology, theresearch and application of high-efficiencypulverized coal classifier, the application ofantiwear economizer and comprehensiveimprovement of insufficient temperature ofmain steam and reheated stean1. Afterrefurbishment the operating econo111y andsafety of the generating units are greatlyimproved.