Conceptions of Childhood and the Educational Rights of the Child

Formulations of children＇s rights rest on assumptions about the nature of childhood yet conceptions of childhood are not stable across time and space. Such conceptions can be understood as placing different emphases among three different factors： the child as subservient to parents and ancestors （Child 1）, as a young person requiring special protection and having characteristics distinct from adults （Child 2） and as a novice （Child 3）. Different social arrangements place relatively different emphases on these three factors in their overall conceptions of childhood. Adopting the distinction between Will and Interest rights （Archard 2002）, the paper considers how an emphasis on Child 1, 2 or 3 presupposes and demands a distinctive consideration of children＇s rights. The argument concludes with a reflection on how children＇s rights might be construed if the nature of adulthood is problematised alongside that of childhood. In this case, capabilities （as means to enable functionings） may prove a more fruitful concept than rights （as actual or possible existential conditions）.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

On the Human Rights Implications of the Whole-process People’s Democracy

The whole-process people’s democracy is a prerequisite for the people’s democracy.It is the organic unity of process and outcome democracy,procedural and substantive democracy,direct and indirect democracy,as well as the people’s democracy and the will of the state.The whole-process people’s democracy is the latest theoretical expression of the concept of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,a new achievement in the practice of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,a new development of the system of the socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,and a new contribution to the development path of human rights in the world.

Commentary on the Newly Implemented Amendment Ⅷ to the Criminal Law Concerning Children’s Rights in China

Amendment VIII to the Criminal Law of the PRC, which went into effect on hMay 1, 2011, is not only in line with the basic spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant international human rights treaties, but also is related to the priority area of the Program for The Development of Chinese Children （2011- 2020）. Thus, it helps to safeguard the rights of juveniles and strengthens criminal law protection of their rights and interests. In consideration of the weak position of juveniles and the criminal law means of protecting their rights and interests,

Concept and Feasibility of Offering Human Rights Courses in China's Institutions of Higher Learning

Doubtlessly, the term ＂human rights＂ has become a world language in the 21st century. China has written ＂The state respects and protects human rights＂ into its constitution, thus opening up a new period of constitutional construction and human rights cause. This great term ＂human rights＂ does not only contain specific rights that can be put into practice but also carry dignity, equality, freedom and other value systems and moral requirements.

“Harmony”Concept and China's Human Rights

What is summarized as'harmony is of paramount importance' is a most prominent philosophical approach embraced by China's Confucian culture. This is an extension of the approach summarized as 'the people are of paramount importance.' It calls for harmonious human relations, obliging one to respect others' rights and interests while protecting the rights and interests of one's own. Harmony as a philosophical approach manifests itself, in many ways, in the realm of human rights in China today. To name just a few: the country's political system of multi-party cooperation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, harmony that prevails between different religions in the country, and the country's call for international dialogue and cooperation to promote the human rights cause. As a fine Chinese tradition, this philosophical approach is being carried forward.

Workshops Teach Children, Adults to Stand Up for Children's Rights

She clambers up a rock, reaches both hands onto comers of the shabby cement wall and heaves herself up, being careful not to catch her school bag on the protruding bricks. She straddles the top and then jumps gingerly down onto the pebbled ground beside the railway line.

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

Children's Rights Protection Enters New Stage in China

The State Council of China is- sued the National Program on the Development of Children （2011-2020） on July 30,2011,outlining new targets and new measures by the government in promoting under- takings concerning children. The new program marks the start of a new era of children＇s rights protection in China.

Rights-based Approach to Journalism in Turkey

Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.

Piers－Harris儿童自我意识量表在湖南的修订

在湖南省有代表性的六个地区城乡分层随机采样８６４例，对Ｐｉｅｒｓ－Ｈａｒｒｉｓ儿童自我意识量表进行修订，修改过程中刚除８条不符合我国文化背景及不符合测量学要求的项目，制定了湖南省常模，经信度、效度检验，认为达到了测量学要求。

家庭护养模式探析——以国际SOS儿童村为例

以国际SOS儿童村的家庭护养模式为基础,从儿童的基本权益以及成长过程中所需的最佳条件出发,着重从背景、特点、标准与评估等方面介绍儿童家庭护养模式,强调家庭在儿童成长中的重要性,以期望在中国儿童福利发展过程中可以充分利用家庭护养模式的优点,为中国特殊儿童护理的发展模式提供相关的资料。

On Forming a Child-friendly Environment in Urban Communities

The community is both a learning and living environment that significantly influences the physical and mental development of the children,as well as an important arena for realizing children’s rights.However,the development of urban communities in China is not particularly child-friendly,causing children to abandon or misuse the communal environment.Creating a child-friendly environment in urban communities requires the adoption of three basic approaches,i.e.a shift from the"adult’s perspective"to the"child’s perspective",a shift from a simplistic focus on the"hardware"of the environment to a dual focus that balances both"hardware"and"software",as well as a shift from providing an environment to man aging and guiding the use of the environment.Specific technical indicators for developing child-friendly environments in urban communities,which based on these three approaches,should be designed.

我国家庭教育政策的变迁及其动因探析

新中国成立以来,基于儿童的健康成长需要,家庭教育政策随着政治经济社会和教育事业的发展而呈现出改造家庭教育、要求家长尽责教育、提高家庭教育指导服务水平、建立家庭教育政策体系等四个阶段性的变化,体现出针对我国不同阶段教育发展中主要问题而展开的特征,反映出家庭教育政策中儿童权益保护的不断强化和儿童成长内涵的日臻完善。未来需进一步清晰责任主体,使家庭教育指导服务体系和家校社协同机制更加完善。

空间正义视角下儿童友好城市建设探究

当前我国儿童友好城市建设存在理念上认知不清晰、程序上主体缺位、内容上不均衡等问题,其实质是儿童友好城市建设在空间生产和空间资源配置中未能有效兼顾和平衡儿童这一特殊群体的权益保障。未来儿童友好城市建设要推动儿童友好理念成为社会共识、探索儿童参与公共事务的新模式、构建普惠型适儿化城市空间载体,将空间正义融入到儿童友好城市建设和社会发展的全过程。

网络猥亵儿童入罪正当性的教义学诠释

在犯罪手段不断网络化的时代背景下,通过网络猥亵儿童的案件不断出现,儿童身心健康的刑法保护正面临更复杂的挑战。面对网络猥亵儿童入罪的理论争议,应在目的理性思考指引下,对网络猥亵儿童行为的不法本质进行深入的教义学分析,以此检验网络猥亵儿童入罪的正当性。将网络猥亵儿童行为纳入犯罪圈,在刑法理念层面不仅可得到积极刑法观的支持,亦不违反刑法谦抑性要求。在重视儿童身心健康刑法保护的同时,对网络猥亵儿童行为定罪量刑仍应秉持宽严相济刑事政策,做到罪罚其当,不断总结归纳网络时代儿童权益刑法保护的妥切路径。

我国儿童保护的现状及影响因素

儿童保护(child protection)是指针对18岁以下儿童的保护措施,一方面要防止儿童遭受暴力、虐待等身心伤害,另一方面涉及家庭、学校、社会和国家立法对儿童成长和儿童权利的保护。当前我国儿童保护的现实问题是儿童面临着人为的伤害或不可控的自然灾害。通过剖析我国儿童保护的现状我们了解到,儿童保护在我国尚未被社会及政府所重视,家庭缺乏生命和生存教育的观念,儿童缺乏自我保护的意识,社会缺乏普遍的儿童保护网络,国家缺乏专门的儿童保护机制。因而,要从儿童自身、家庭、学校、社区和立法层面看待其对儿童保护的影响,在此基础上展望儿童保护的未来,呼吁完善儿童保护体系,建立儿童保护的联动机制。

学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念及其影响因素的调查

目的通过对学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念及其影响因素的调查,为进一步进行心理行为干预提供参考。方法采用自制的问卷调查表及Piers-Harris儿童自我概念量表对166例学龄期癫痫患儿的自我概念水平进行调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 166患儿中,女性患儿的行为、智力与学校、躯体与外貌、合群、幸福与满足及总分得分均高于男性(均P<0.05)。男、女性患儿的行为、焦虑、合群、总分得分及男性患儿的智力与学校、躯体与外貌、幸福与满足得分均低于国内常模(均P<0.05)。病程、性别、接受教育程度及入学年龄等均为学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念水平的影响因素。结论家庭、学校和医院应更多地关注学龄期癫痫患儿的自我概念水平,采取心理行为干预措施,提高患儿的自我概念水平,从而改善患儿的生存质量。