From Ancient Rituals to Modern Spirituality:The Evolution and Personalization of Religious Experience

This paper explores the evolution of religious experience from ancient nature worship and ancestor reverence to modern individualized spirituality.It examines how early spiritual practices were deeply intertwined with daily life,later becoming institutionalized through formalized religions with complex rituals and doctrines.The rise of mysticism,emphasizing personal connections with the divine,persisted alongside institutional religions.In contemporary society,the shift towards"spiritual but not religious"reflects a return to personalized spiritual paths,driven by individualism and the desire for direct,meaningful spiritual experiences.This trend's implications for both individuals and society are also discussed.

On the Limit of Machine Intelligence

Whether digital computers can eventually be as intelligent as humans has been a topic of controversy for decades. Neither side of the debate has provided solid arguments proving this way or the other. After reviewing the contentions, we show in this article that machine intelligence is not unlimited. There exists an insurmountable barrier for digital computers to achieve the full range of human intelligence. Particularly, if a robot had a human’s sentience of life and death, then it would cause a logical contradiction. Therefore, a digital computer will never have the full range of human consciousness. This thesis substantiates a limit of computer intelligence and draws a line between biological humans and digital robots. It makes us rethink the issues as whether robots will remain forever one of the tools for us to use, or they will someday become a species competing with us;and whether robots can eventually dominate humans intellectually.

Quantum Consciousness The Road to Reality

The prevailing TOE＇s （theories of everything） do not address everything, anddo not mention consciousness that, we say, is linked to information which in turn creates all theories. We present gravity as probabilistic; connect quantum physics to gravity, information, consciousnessand forces of darkness in this and/or our other articles referred herein. Physics is on doldrums without explaining invisible consciousness and unexplained constants of Nature. We add our version of the language of Nature.

The Agony of Catherine——A study of Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights

This paper deals with the analysis of the agony of Catherine, the character in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. In this paper, the novel will be analyzed from the angle of Catherine's splitting character between her wild nature and her civilized consciousness. The paper will focus on how the split becomes the cause of her contradictions and her agonizing love for the two men — Heathcliff and Edgar. It is contended that Catherine's agony is caused exactly by each of the two sides of her character.

Healthy Business Environment According to the General Theory of Sustainable Development

The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity？ How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes？ How to work with the current global economic models？ Can the current European integration process be considered as natural？ Is a weak state a new opportunity for a future strong economy？ What is the historical essence of the liberal thought？ Why the current economic models are not permanent, why are they not sustainable, and why are they not developing for the basic quantum, which is the man as an individual？ Can also the basic quantum be integration units as family, society, company, municipality, region, country, or EU, etc.？ Qualified answers to the questions can be seen in a theoretical context of the General Theory of the Sustainable Development （GTSD）, too. Theoretical trinity of GTSD is based on three theoretical pillars： GPT （Gravitation Polarity Theory）, QET （Quantum Economy Theory）, and BIT （Big Integration Theory）. They can be considered as relevant theoretical basics for historical, current, and future sustainable development process. The healthy business environment is based on the healing of man. In GTSD, businessman and man gain a new source of knowledge, a new natural relationship, and a new content. This is a responsibility towards the customer and towards the pa^ner in business. Businessman＇s profit speaks about a new business in natural partnerships. Sustainable development without the Groove Management （second generation management） and without the fourth Reformation （with second generation of innovation） is a process that only reflects the regressive trend that takes place for more than 6000 years. Without the new content of the Fifth Theoretical Dimension （Consciousness） the historical mainstream of sustainable development process cannot be grasped. The biggest risk for the expected Healthy business society is a contemporary slave communism and contemporary crazy capitalism. Feasibility of business models of healthy business doing societies stands not only on adequate theoretical basis, but also on predicted cannibalism between slave communism and crazy capitalism. The biggest current risk of healthy business environment is a political arbitrariness, the desire for power, and the desire for money----corruption.

Nationality and Universality: Cultural Consciousness and Fusion of Horizons in Mo Yan’s Novels from an Intercultural Perspective

Within the structure of globalisation,the field of world culture faces challenges that are manifested in the decline of national culture and the crisis of homogeneity of world culture.In this case,world culture should be promoted as a viable path to prosperity and development if it is done on the basis of adhering to the higher consciousness of national culture,developing intercultural dialogue,with the intention forming a situation of mutual learning and promoting the fusion of horizons.The Chinese Culture,Qilu genetic code and native writing embody Mo Yan’s conscious adherence to national culture,his thorough knowledge of “Seeking Roots” and “Vanguard”,the fusion of national and international characteristics and the integration of his hometown and other countries.These show his enthusiasm and courage in launching intercultural dialogue and reaching towards the fusion of horizons.How to face cultural challenges under this changing world pattern?The successful experience of Mo Yan’s novels provides us with vivid examples.

The Alleged Hard Problem： A Pseudo Problem

One of the most intriguing problems of philosophy is the question whether the human mind and human consciousness can be completely reduced to matter, namely to the brain. A special problem in this context is what has been called the ＂hard problem.＂ The hard problem denies that it is possible to reduce phenomenal experiences to brain states. The hard problem claims that it is impossible for materialists to explain what it is like to feel something. Here, we will prove that the hard problem is a pseudo problem that is based on errors in logic and language. One of the key arguments for the hard problem, the conceivability of zombies, is logically wrong within naturalism, which most philosophers acknowledge. Nevertheless, generally all questions of the type ＂What is it like to feel something？＂ are either trivial or linguistically impermissible. The core of the ＂hard problem＂ is the mix-up between non-reducibility and non-describability.

On the Marxist Ecological View and the Modern Ecological Awareness

Faced with the serious environmental crisis,the Seventeenth Congress of the CPC put forward the scientific concept of "ecological civilization",and the Eighteenth Congress of the CPC attached great importance to the construction of ecological civilization,the strategic position of which was equaled to that of the economic construction,political development,cultural development,social construction. In order to deal with the more and more serious environmental problems,enhance the harmony and unity between human beings and nature and create ideal environmental conditions for various courses and tasks,the entire allocation of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics has been changed from "four in one"to "five in one",in which the ecological civilization becomes a new component. Consequently,it is worthwhile to intensively study and grasp the Marxist ecological view and form the self-awareness of environmental protection to carry forward the ecological civilization construction of China.

Origin of Fengshui Woods and Its Enlightenment to Modern Society

Origin of Fengshui Woods was studied, 3 representative standpoints (Fengshui doctrines, greening and worship of the god of land) about Fengshui woods were analyzed, and worship of the god of land was believed as a reasonable origin view through considering natural and social factors of ancient China, as well as universal mental characteristics of people in the prescience age. To identify advantages and disadvantages of these 3 views, Carl G. Jung' theory of mythological prototype criticism and Sir James George Frazer's anthropological study were borrowed to prove that Fengshui Woods originated from ancient Chinese worship of the god of land, and such worship gradually evolved into practices of planting Fengshui Woods for their propitious signs. On this basis, enlightenment of Fengshui Woods to modern society was disclosed to protect present Fengshui Woods and forest resources.

TRAGIC CONSCIOUSNESS, NATURAL LANGUAGE AND MODERN SPIRIT OF THE

Tragic consciousness, which originated in childhood, is complex compassion based on strong self-consciousness. After being moralized, tragic consciousness presents the dichotomy of good and evil, which has not only profoundly affected the formation of natural language, but also cradled the theory of natural law and religious spirit. Modem jurisprudence attempts to get rid of the shackles of classics and Christian humanism, to shape the autonomous and self-consistent image of law with the de lege lata as center. However, it is difficult for modem jurisprudence to surpass the natural language which rooted in tragic consciousness, and impossible to neglect or deny the independent value of the human. The inherent conflict within the rule of law makes ironically a tragedy, especially in the context of contemporary China.

A Study of Hanshan’s Beings Protection Thoughts and Snyder’s Holism

The Chinese poet monk Hanshan(寒山)advocated ahimsa,beings protection and vegetarian diet etc.,aiming to spread beings protection doctrines of Buddhism through his poetry.The contemporary American poet Gary Snyder is influenced deeply by Hanshan’s works and his life style,and Snyder develops his holism on environment protection,which is rightly based on Hanshan’s beings protection thoughts combining Indians’nature worship tradition.

Ishmael’s Ecological Consciousness as Reflected in Moby-Dick

In American Romanticism,Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is an encyclopedic classic of the whaling industry.Based on the theory of ecocriticism,this thesis tries to explore Ishmael’s respect and love for nature by analyzing and judging from what he says,in the novel.Ishmael’s beautiful picture of the sea and amazing description of different kinds of whales let the reader easily relate him to a person with enough intelligence to have an ecological awareness.Ishmael’s guilty feeling of their whaling adds to his important role as a nature lover.Then the paper turns to how Ishmaels’attitude to nature affect his life.Finally,the paper draws the conclusion that human beings should love and respect nature and accept the ecological law of nature,however harsh we find it.Only in this way can we coexist with nature.

祠堂记与古代文人祠祀的集体认同

古代文人祠祀是一个值得关注的文化现象,其祠祀动机相较于传统的先贤崇祀更为特殊。士人群体奉祀文人不仅因为他们的文学才能,更出于对文人高尚品格和多舛命途的认可与同情。这些行为和观念在文人祠堂记的书写中得到了充分体现。祠堂记不仅载录和揭示了文人奉祀的来源及意义,还展现了士人群体如何精心塑造和维护文人形象,并在这一过程中形成的特定集体性意识。可以说,文人祠祀承载了古代社会对文人价值的公共认知,而这些认知在相关祠堂记对奉祀对象文人身份的塑造中,得到了具体体现,凝聚了士人群体对“文人”这一社会形象的集体心理与命运共鸣。此外,一些文学批评的共识也在祠堂记书写中得到体现,这不仅展现了士人群体的文学集体观念,而且进一步推动了文人形象的塑造和文人价值的阐释。

试论南子散文中的自然书写及生态话语建构

新疆作家南子的散文集《游牧时光》和《游牧者的归途》体现了草原游牧民族的生态观和生命观的交融,其中既展现了人与自然和谐共生以及由此显现出的强烈的生命意识,又渗透着作家源于生态伦理所表现出的对生命的敬畏与尊重。南子通过对牧民生存家园的探索与寻觅,再现了对草原游牧民族自然生态的深刻认知。南子的创作根植于自然新疆的地理呈现与诗性表达,其倾情走访、记录、书写了草原牧民的日常,其笔端再现了牧民生活及背后所蕴含的草原文化,凸显出作家鲜明的生态意识与现代意识。南子散文通过对自然而纯朴的风俗民情及生态做全景式叙写,不断发掘出草原文化中带有田园牧歌式的浪漫色彩。

再论汉代人的国家意识

汉代人的国家意识在带有“公”属性的同时,其一家一姓“皇帝专属”的“私”属性十分浓厚。虽然总体来看,汉代人的强国与爱国意识得到了空前强化,但汉代人的国家意识也具有多层次性、差异性和可变性。理性看待汉代人的国家意识,可为现今中国真正有效、稳固、积极、健康的群体爱国意识的形成及爱国行为的产生提供有价值的历史启示。

苏轼词中的自然审美意识

苏轼的词作中有许多对自然万物及自然审美活动的描写,蕴含着作者的自然审美意识,主要表现为天然标格与内在生命力是自然万物颇为重要的审美属性;欣赏自然需要保持超然的审美心境;自然如同家园般的存在,自然审美是抒发归隐思绪、体会居家之感的重要途径。苏轼在词中表现了自然审美意识,充分彰显出他“以诗为词”的创作倾向,这在北宋词体革新中有着重要的意义。

推进国家治理现代化的思想武器与行动指南——深入学习领会习近平总书记关于共同体的重要论述

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记在多个重要会议和不同场合提出了一系列有关共同体的重要论述,从不同角度和层面深刻阐释了为什么要构建共同体、构建什么样的共同体、怎样构建共同体等基本问题。习近平总书记关于共同体的重要论述以“共同体”为统领性核心概念,从命运、生命、民族等基本理论维度,扩展出“命运共同体”“生命共同体”等核心概念,并构建出各个具体范畴的理论框架,其理论结构完整细化、发展脉络明确清晰。习近平总书记关于共同体的重要论述贯穿了马克思主义的立场观点方法、汲取了中华优秀传统文化的精华、凝聚着中国共产党百年奋斗的宝贵经验,彰显了与时俱进的理论品格和守正创新的精神品格,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的思想武器和行动指南,也为世界发展贡献了中国方案、中国智慧和中国话语。

论北疆文化中的生态意识——以山水崇拜为例

人与自然的关系是人类社会最基本的关系。充分尊重自然规律,追求人与自然的协调发展,维护人类与自然界的共同利益,实现人口环境和资源的良性循环是北疆文化之生态意识的重要内涵。北方民族山水崇拜所体现的崇尚自然、热爱自然、与自然和谐共生的生态意识是中华民族传统生态观的重要组成部分,它不仅反映了人类命运共同体意识,也成为人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的重要思想源泉。

多样的神圣:树木崇拜的类型、观念及价值

树木崇拜是自然崇拜的重要类型,也是理解人与自然关系的一个窗口。树木崇拜可以分为树神崇拜、神树崇拜与社树崇拜。树神崇拜是对树木的人格化崇拜,树木被赋予情感、意识或灵魂;神树崇拜是对树木所蕴含的自然力的崇拜,认为树木具有令人震撼的生命力或各种神奇的功能;社树崇拜是对社群象征符号的崇拜,树木被认为是一个氏族或社群神圣性的标志。多样的树木崇拜类型背后有着不同的观念:树神崇拜、神树崇拜、社树崇拜分别对应着泛灵论和多神论、自然力崇拜、社群崇拜。在历史变迁中,这些观念来源相互交织融合,构成了丰富的树木崇拜文化和自然崇拜文化。