Professional Cognitive Education Model for Agricultural Water Conservancy Engineering under the Background of New Agricultural Science

The construction of new agricultural science requires the use of modern scientific and technological means to transform and enhance current agricultural related majors.The agricultural water conservancy engineering major,with its inherent disciplinary advantages,plays an indispensable and important role in the construction of new agricultural science.In recent years,the lack of professional cognitive education has gradually become a significant problem in the training of talents in agricultural water conservancy engineering.Therefore,this paper deeply analyzes the problems and reasons faced by professional cognitive education,and proposes specific educational strategies for several key aspects such as enrollment promotion,freshman enrollment education,construction of teacher team,combination of scientific research and teaching,and strengthening professional cognition through competition activities.It aims to provide reference for improving the quality of professional cognitive education and exploring effective ways.

Analysis of Construction Technology for River Regulation and Bank Protection in Water Conservancy Projects

There are many problems and deficiencies in traditional bank protection methods,which cause certain damage to the ecological environment of river channels.Recently,the issues of river management,improving bank protection technology,formulating reasonable construction measures,and ensuring the smooth and efficient implementation of construction have been receiving increasing attention.

Influence of Urban Development and Construction on Ecological Water Conservancy Landscapes and Countermeasure Analysis——A Case Study of Ecological Water Conservancy Landscapes in Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province of China

Through analyzing influence of urban development and construction on ecological water conservancy landscapes,common ecological problems of existing water conservancy landscapes were explored.Causes responsible for these problems were summarized as poor knowledge about ecology,unclear objective of construction,water conservancy projects violating the principle of conserving and restoring ecological conditions,and degraded biodiversity of water environment.It was stressed that ecological construction of water conservancy landscapes should break traditional water conservancy concepts,adopt ecological treatment and build ecological landscapes;geomorphic,hydrological and hydraulic of original river systems should be maintained as much as possible;sewage not discharged to natural water directly;water circulation enhanced to promote self-purification capacity of water;necessary purification measures adopted for rivers and lakes.On the basis of above strategies,construction of ecological water conservancy landscapes in Nanchang City was taken for example to analyze problems in the previous construction and present achievements,then principles to be followed in the future construction and protection of ecological water conservancy landscapes in Nanchang City were proposed.

Substantive Characteristics of Water and Soil Conservation and Ecological Civilization Construction in China

Water and soil conservation is an important part of eco-civilization con-struction. It is a major part of eco-construction and lifeline of social and economy development. Therefore, water and soil conservation is of great significance in maintaining eco-safety. The research concluded status quo and characters of water and soil losses in China and analyzed water and soil conservation and construction of eco-civilization from the perspectives of water and soil conservation and con-struction of eco-civilization.

Analysis on Countermeasures of Water and Soil Conservation and Eco-environment Construction in China

With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.

Analysis of Winter Concrete Construction in Water Conservation Project

The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer.In most areas of Northern China,the temperature during winter remain at lower level,in which environmental factors play the most important role in the construction of water conservancy projects.In particular,low temperature directly affects the strength of concrete and delays its solidification,this highly affects the quality and progress of concrete construction.In order to overcome this barrier,better planning,for reasonable and effective construction techniques and targeted control measures should be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of low temperature to assure a strong and safe architecture.

Energy and Water Conservation Technology Analysis of Water Supply and Drainage of the Building

At present,China’s social and economic development is faster and faster.At the same time,people pay more and more attention to the construction concept of energy and water conservation.We can see the popularization and development of the concept of energy saving and water saving in every major field of our country,the same is true in the construction field.In order to effectively protect the ecological environment and maximize the use of limited resources,the energysaving and water-saving technology of the building,as well as water supply and drainage technology should be actively used.Based on this,this paper first analyzes the application significance of water supplydrainage and energy-water conservation technology in the construction field,analyzes the current situation of water supply and drainage in China,and proposes the application of water supply-drainage and energy-water conservation technology of the building for reference.

A review of soil and water conservation in China

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources isone of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all thesocial improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecologicalenvironmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safetyinsurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and waterloss has been recognized as 'the No.1 killer' to the ecological environment. The nation is on thestags of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland areawith complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and waterloss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the datacollected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims toreview the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soiland water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies forsoil and water conservation in China.

昆仑山北坡区域高质量发展面临的问题、机遇与挑战

昆仑山北坡区域是新时代维护国家安全的重要战略部署区和“丝绸之路经济带”核心区关键通道,战略地位十分突出。但由于历史和自然的原因,该区域经济发展相对滞后。系统分析显示,昆仑山北坡区域目前存在的水资源利用上线偏低、水利工程建设严重滞后、城镇化进程缓慢、产业布局相对单一且缺少重要产业布局,以及区域高质量发展动能不足等问题,结合区域自然环境特点和发展机遇,提出加快构建经济带城市群体系,打造多产业协同发展的昆仑山北坡经济带,大幅提升水资源上线和水利工程管控能力,为昆仑山北坡农业提质增效提供水资源保障,系统打造昆仑山北坡农-林-牧复合基地,构建多元化食物供给体系,以能补水,提升资源综合利用效率,通过兵地优势互补、资源共享,加快推进昆仑山北坡经济带建设和高质量发展等建议。研究成果可为加快昆仑山北坡经济带生态安全和高质量发展提供科技支撑。

不同影像处理方法在大坝施工范围识别中的应用分析

【目的】施工范围是大坝建设过程中施工精细化管理的基础内容,传统的施工范围识别方法主要是人工解译,效率低、成本高、主观性强。将影像智能解译的新方法应用于大坝施工范围识别成为一项有挑战性的技术问题。【方法】以我国贵州省凤山水库为研究区,通过对大坝施工范围特点与现有常用的遥感影像解译方法的分析,针对大坝施工范围具有的区域面积大且连续、地物复杂、人工扰动性程度高等特征,选用高分二号和哨兵二号遥感影像,研究不同的遥感影像解译方法在大坝施工范围自动识别的应用效果。【结果】文中用到的三种方法均取得较好的结果,且分别具有不同的优势。【结论】结果表明,基于影像分割的施工范围识别方法、基于变化检测的施工范围识别方法和基于影像智能分类的施工范围识别方法均能取得较好的识别结果,其中第二种方法最优,且无需人工干预;第三种方法次之,但是方法二和方法三对样本的数量和质量依赖性较高,且存在离散图斑错分的现象;第一种方法容易受阈值的选择和叠加分析的影响,识别精度低于后两种,但是处理流程简单、容易实现。

基于知识标注平台的水利枢纽工程知识图谱构建及应用

大量水利异构数据的产生,为领域知识图谱的构建及应用提供了场景,但也导致了水利知识图谱构建过程的差异。针对现有水利知识图谱构建流程复杂的问题,提出了一套有效的基于知识标注平台的水利知识图谱构建流程。以小浪底水利枢纽工程知识的智能应用为例,使用该枢纽的工程数据,应用提出的流程在水利领域构建水利枢纽工程知识图谱(Water Conservancy Hub Project Knowledge Graph,WCHP-KG)。首先以小浪底水利枢纽工程为中心,依据行业术语标准和现有词汇表,制定了概念分类和关系描述体系,形成了WCHP-KG的模式层。通过BiLSTM-CRF和序列标注模型,在水利专家的指导下,使用知识标注平台对非结构化文本进行了半自动标注和人工校对,实现了知识融合,进而构建了WCHP-KG的数据层。结果表明WCHP-KG涵盖了43种水利实体以及110种实体关系。经过实践验证,构建的WCHP-KG为小浪底水利枢纽工程的相关应用提供了有力的结构化知识基础,为工程决策和管理提供了可靠的参考依据,进而证明了所提构建流程的有效性。未来将进一步扩展WCHP-KG和完善水利知识图谱的构建流程,以适应更多的应用场景和领域需求。

古代地方城市水利营建智慧及地域景观表达——以宜春李渠为例

江西自古以来便与水相生,历史沉淀出的理水智慧被国内外学者高度关注与研究。以古城宜春城袁州区内的千古名渠——李渠为研究对象,进行营建智慧与地域景观表达研究。通过分析山水环境背景,以此探寻李渠水系统运作机理;梳理史料文献并总结出理水防灾的营建智慧与管理机制,即“近郊凿渠,田沟相通”“一渠穿城,分区做功”“蓄泄排布,驯水有方”“责任分散,集中有序”“修缮运营,沿革共建”,最终形成“清沥江-城外乡野-蓄水池塘-城内沟渠-秀江”的千年驯水模式。结合文献中李渠的流经区域、分区特性,以图式语言法总结李渠在环境营建上对地域空间景观元素的表达所产生的影响,有助于深入认识中国传统水利营建的智慧和城市水利的景观格局,以期能对如今城市水利的建设提供一定借鉴,对古李渠水利与其景观风貌的保存和复原提供一定参考。

铁路工程建设环水保风险演化研究

研究目的:随着绿色发展理念的提出,对铁路工程建设环境保护和水土保持提出了更高的要求。为顺利完成工程建设环水保目标,识别铁路工程建设环水保风险因素,建立环水保风险演化的系统动力学模型,并以H铁路工程项目为例进行仿真分析,了解风险演化过程,明确风险防控的重点任务。研究结论:(1)在建设过程中环水保风险呈现先增加后稳定的总体趋势,其中开工建设前期为环水保风险的集中涌现阶段;(2)风险因素取值的变化将对环水保风险产生不同程度的影响,其中环水保专项资金不足改变对环水保风险系统影响最大,人员专业能力不足和环境本底调查不全面次之,施工机械污染大变动对系统影响较小;(3)工程项目引入风险预警机制有利于控制环水保风险,预警值的大小将影响风险防控效果;(4)本研究结果可为工程项目防控环水保风险提供借鉴与参考。

18世纪中叶以来天山北麓水利制度变革与生态环境变迁——以宽沟小流域为中心的考察

生态环境问题不仅制约着经济发展也危及人类生存安全,对生态环境变迁原因的探讨是解决生态环境恶化问题进而实现生态文明建设的前提。本文以18世纪中叶以来天山北麓宽沟小流域水利开发的过程为例,结合史料文献、档案资料和田野调查材料,从制度视角讨论资源利用与生态环境变迁之间的关系,以此回应政治生态学的相关研究,深化对生态环境变迁的认识。通过对宽沟个案的分析发现,水利制度变革与生态环境变迁是一对互构的关系,即水利制度通过作用于水资源开发进而影响生态环境,每一次的环境变化又会引起相应的制度反思,从而产生新的制度,而此过程中制度实践者的抉择是关键。因此,应将地方群体的抉择纳入历时与共时的双重维度下探讨制度与环境变迁的相互过程。

土壤侵蚀原理课程思政建设与思考

在课程思政建设背景下,以专业课程思政建设、改革与人才培养质量提升为目的,分析土壤侵蚀原理课程思政建设的价值,确立土壤侵蚀原理课程思政建设的原则与目标,探讨土壤侵蚀原理课程思政建设的内容、建设环节与方式等,并提出对土壤侵蚀原理课程思政建设的思考。以期推动土壤侵蚀原理课程思政建设与改革的同时,促进水土保持与荒漠化防治专业知识传授、学生能力培养和思政教育全面协同发展。

水利建设投资对经济增长影响效应研究

水利基础设施建设作为扩大内需的重要领域,具有吸纳投资大、产业链条长、形成工程量快、促进就业能力强等特点,承载着稳投资、稳增长的重任。10年来,全国水利建设完成投资达到7.5万亿元,先后实施了172项、150项重大水利工程,为稳定经济大盘、推动江河治理、增进民生福祉提供了重要支撑。在新阶段新形势的要求下,跟踪水利建设投资数据,建立常态化的研究机制,科学研判水利建设投资对经济增长的影响尤为重要,不仅有助于更好发挥水利建设经济成效,而且也为促进经济回稳向上提供水利支撑。

基于文本挖掘的水利工程施工人员不安全行为影响因素研究

人的不安全行为是引发安全事故的重要原因,为研究影响水利工程施工人员不安全行为的因素,通过文本挖掘技术对280起水利工程施工事故案例进行分析,并借助R语言形成可视化云词图,得到32种不安全行为影响因素。运用Ucinet软件进行共现网络构建和中心度计算,确定影响水利工程施工人员不安全行为的关键因素。

新时代地方高校水利类专业大类培养模式研究

高等教育领域国际化与全球化的发展趋势日益明显,建设一流大学及一流学科、为各领域培养高质量人才成为许多高校的发展重心,而在这一过程中,本科教育显得尤为关键。新时代,水利行业发展新变化对水利类人才培养提出新要求。文章以三峡大学水利类专业建设为例,试从新时代水利行业对水利类专业人才的需求、水利类专业大类培养目标定位、水利类专业大类培养课程体系构建、水利类专业大类培养质量保障等四个方面进行探讨,为进一步开展水利类专业人才培养探索经验。

内蒙古高标准农田建设要处理好十对关系

本文根据国务院印发《关于推动内蒙古高质量发展奋力书写中国式现代化新篇章的意见》,从内蒙古的实际出发,提出在加快建设高标准农田、逐步将永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田的过程中,我区要处理好十对关系。这十对关系是:进与出、快与慢、表与里、大与小、内与外、有机农业与无机农业、水浇地与旱地、平原与丘陵的关系,以及政府投入与农民投入、政府投入与社会资本投入的关系。其核心要义是防止高标准农田建设中的形式主义。

基于混凝土防渗填筑技术的水利大坝工程施工设计研究

针对水利大坝工程混凝土防渗填筑技术施工设计面临的渗透控制问题,研究提出了一种新的混凝土配合比优化方法。该方法通过科学配比混凝土材料,提高了混凝土的抗渗性能,从而有效解决了大坝混凝土渗透问题。研究结果表明,水利大坝水平位移在5个月后趋于平稳,最终位移量约为10 cm。大坝结构稳定,没有出现异常变形或潜在的安全问题。