China＇s Contributions to the World： Economic Growth, Resource . Consumption and Global Imbalance

This paper makes systematic observations of China＇s contributions to global macroeconomic growth and bulk commodity consumption. Our observations suggest that while China＇s economic size is relatively small on a per capita basis, its contributions are large in terms of overall volume; moreover, the economy has experienced tremendous growth. Quantifying these characteristics that are unique to China＇s development creates a realistic background upon which China can re-examine its trade and economic policies and strategic thinking.

China's economic growth and the inflation cycles since reform and opening to the outside world

This paper analyzes the cyclical characteristics of China’s economic growth and inflation since reform and opening-up, and explores the intrinsic link between the two.The study will be a guideline to keep a good balance between economic growth and inflation.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

RMB Exchange Rate,Overseas Education,and High-Quality Economic Growth

China is transitioning its industrial structure from labor-and resource-intensive industries that previously contributed significantly to the country’s GDP growth to technology-intensive industries emphasizing a highly-skilled workforce and sustainability to achieve high-quality economic growth.This paper examines the impact of the RMB exchange rate on high-quality economic growth through theoretical modeling and empirical analysis and discusses the variable of overseas education to explore the mechanism of how the RMB exchange rate and overseas education jointly impact high-quality economic growth.The research sample includes the National Bureau of Statistics data on education from 1995 to 2015,the Bank for International Settlements(BIS)data on the RMB exchange rate,and the added value of China’s high-quality economic growth estimated based on the national economy data.An empirical analysis of theoretical expectations was conducted,finding that RMB appreciation could make a positive contribution to China’s high-quality economic growth;RMB exchange rate fluctuations would impact the relative cost of overseas education and overseas returnees could have a positive impact on domestic resource utilization efficiency and domestic capacity to make sci-tech innovations,thereby injecting vitality to high-quality economic growth.This study focuses on both the RMB exchange rate and the population studying abroad,providing additional observation dimensions to existing research.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Nigeria Experience

This study investigated the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nigeria. Secondary source of data was employed in this study from 1986 to 2017 which were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2017) published in 2018 and World Development Indicator published in 2019. Descriptive and regression analyses were used as the estimation techniques. The findings of the study revealed that the coefficient value of LFDI is 0.633506 and its p-value is 0.0002 implying that a unit increase in LFDI will increase LGDP with the value of 0.633506. The coefficient value of RINTR is 0.004127 with p-value of 0.310 indicating that a unit increase in real interest rate will increase gross domestic product, but it is not significant. Also, LDI coefficient value is 1.758036 with p-value of 0.0688 implying that a unit increase in domestic investment will increase gross domestic product positively with the value of 1.758036 which is significant at 10% but not significant at 5% alpha level. The coefficient value of exchange rate is 0.835206 with the p-value of 0.0000 signifying that exchange rate is positive and significant to economic growth. It was concluded that foreign direct investment was positive and significant to economic growth of Nigeria while the domestic investment was also positive but not significant at 5% alpha level.

Non-regular Employment of Women,Fertility Rate,and Economic Growth

This study analyzes the interaction between non-regular employment of women and economic growth patterns by an overlapping-generations model.Declining Birthrate White Paper-Cabinet Office(2013)shows the ideal number of children per household is 2.42 compared to the current number of 2.07,which is the lowest so far in Japan.The main reason households do not have the ideal number of children is“the costs burden of childcare and education”and the ratio amounts to 60.4%.In recent years in Japan,households in which both the husband and the wife work are increasing,whereas those in which only the husband works are decreasing.Additionally,although women have same educational background and abilities as men,most women become non-regular employees after marriage and childbirth,which reduces household income.In such a situation,raising the rate of pension insurance will be a big burden for the household and the declining birthrate may be caused by high levels of educational expenditure and pension insurance.The Japanese government has discussed raising the wages of non-regular employees.This paper finds that a rise in the wage rate of non-regular employment is needed under the public pension policy that raises the rate of pension insurance,and it must be at an adequate level.That is,there is a high risk that this policy will have a negative effect on Japan’s economic growth if an adequate level is not achieved.

The New Normal from the Perspective of Macro History and Grand Logic of China's Economic Development

This paper attempts to explain the "new normal" of China's economic development put forward by XI Jinping, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from three perspectives. First, as the new normal is a natural phase of long-term development in the country's renaissance, recognition of it helps policy-making to hold a historical perspective and maintain a patience in the face of growth slowdown. Second, the new normal as the logic of China's economic development underlines the necessity and urgency of transforming growth patterns and growth drivers. Third, different from the "new mediocre" of the world economy, the new normal reveals great potentials of sustainable growth of the Chinese economy that must be tapped through structural reforms.

China＇s Economic Growth Cycles over the Past 60 Years and the Current New Cycle

This paper first summarizes China＇s economic growth rate fluctuations over the past 60 years since 1949 and examines the new developments in China＇s economic structure behind these fluctuations since reform and opening-up in the late 1970s.In tackling the global financial crisis,China is embracing a new economic cycle and must draw upon its economic history to prolong the upward momentum in the new cycle.To do so means maintaining an appropriate growth rate in the new cycle.This paper also analyzes the importance urbanization and the housing sector will play in the new cycle and how to address rising housing prices.

An empirical analysis of the IT industry's impacts on economic growth in China

With its increasing contributions to economic growth and its important role in optimizing industrial structure and stabilizing overall prices, China's information technology (IT) industry has grown into a dominant industrial sector in promoting the country's economic development. Its high level of total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates makes China's technical advances rely more and more on IT innovation and application. Under the current global economic crisis, the industry will remain an important source for economic growth.

China’s Potential Economic Growths during 2015-2025 under Different Scenarios~

China has entered a crucial period of further growth and restructuring that will last until 2025. Based on a review of the major factors affecting China＇s potential economic growth, this paper has created an integrated economic system model consisting of system dynamics, econometrics, and input-output for the forecast of China＇s economic size and structure by 2025. Analysis shows that prior to 2025, China will be able to maintain a potential annual economic growth rate of 5.7%-7.2%. Faced with an international environment of a possible slowdown of advanced economies and diminishing demographic dividends, China needs to further expedite its urbanization process, enhance R＆D and education spending, increase total factor productivity （TFP）, vigorously develop the tertiary sector, and expand consumption in order to achieve the optimistically estimated growth of 6.6%-7.4% during the period of 2015-2025. Economic growth should be accompanied by the upgrade of industry structure and improvement of investment and consumption structures.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CYCLES IN MODERN CHINA

If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.

A Modified CES Production Function Model and Its Application in Calculating the Contribution Rate of Energy and Other Influencing Factors to Economic Growth

In the analysis of economic growth factors, the constant elasticity of substitution(CES)production function model is used to calculate the contribution rates of influencing factors to economic growth. However, the traditional CES production function model fails to consider the staged characteristics of economic growth. Therefore, this study provides a modified model of the CES production function. With regard to its application, a new method for calculating the contribution rates of energy and other influencing factors to economic growth is proposed using a modified CES production function model. This work concludes by calculating the contribution rates of Chinese energy and other influencing factors to economic growth.

Principle of Classification of Economic Growth Mode

In this paper, the economic growth factors are classified into two types and three kinds by the growth rate function of Solow. Based on their contribution, the economic growth mode is classified into three types and eight kinds. The case analysis of the classfication of economic growth mode is given. Finally, the paper gives the economic growth function which describes the principle of interaction among economic growth factors.

A study on the rate of contribution of education investment to the economic growth in China

There is an evident bi-directional causality relationship between education investment and economic growth based on an analysis of statistics from 1952 to 2003 released by the State Statistics Bureau.A generalized difference regression model is set up to investigate the relationship between the two.Studies show that the rate of contribution of education investment to economic growth was 24.4 percent from 1952 to 2003.Further examination indicates that after the market-oriented economy restructuring,this rate increased by a wide margin of 7 percent,from 22.8 percent to 29.7 percent.

Does financial depth impact economic growth in North Cyprus?

This study purpose is to connect the proxy of financial development which is total banking sector’s deposits with the economic growth in North Cyprus.The reason for using the total deposit differently with the existing literature is because North Cyprus is bank-based financial system.Therefore,this study provides an analysis of the connection between finance-growth nexus in North Cyprus from 1978 through 2015,using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model and combined cointegration to evaluate and verify the relationship.In addition,this research added the inflation rate to the model specification to investigate the inflation-growth interaction.The results revealed that both methods of cointegration provided robust evidence for a long-run relationship between financial debt and growth.The ARDL long-run and short-run coefficients showed the positive impact of depth and the negative impact of inflation on economic growth,thereby confirming the strength of the financegrowth and inflation-growth connections.Moreover,financial depth had a larger coefficient than the inflation rate.Finally,the VECM Granger causality test provided evidence for unidirectional causality from the total deposits and inflation rate to economic growth in North Cyprus.These results are significant for the policymakers of North Cyprus because the findings show that economic growth can be improved by enhancing the deposit rates in the financial system.

Analysis on the Output Elasticity and Contribution Rate of Energy Consumption to Economic Growth in China's Yangtze River Economic Zone

Many studies have shown that energy consumption plays an important role in economic growth.The paper researches the influence of energy consumption on economic growth in China’s Yangtze River Economic Zone.The paper divides the energy of Yangtze River Economic Zone into the coal,the oil,the natural gas and the electricity and explores the influences of coal consumption,gas consumption,natural gas consumption and electricity consumption on economic growth quantitatively using an extended production function model.The paper mainly uses two methods.The first method is the output elasticity analysis.The paper calculates the four energy consumption’s output elasticity to economic growth to compares the influences of energy consumption in terms of out output elasticity.The second method is the contribution rate analysis.The paper calculates the contribution rates of four energy consumption to economic growth to compare the influences of four energy consumption on economic growth in terms of contribution rate.The paper makes an empirical analysis on the influence of energy consumption on economic growth in China’s Yangtze River Economic Zone.Analysis results show that oil consumption has the greatest influence on economic growth in China’s Yangtze River Economic Zone,in terms of both output elasticity and contribution rate,followed by natural gas consumption,electricity consumption and coal consumption.

China's economic growth pushed by domestic demand and relevant measures

By contrast to a slowdown in the world economy, China kept up a rapid growth rate, a relatively high quality of growth and low inflation for the year 2001. This is mainly due to the result of proactive fiscal policies that the Chinese Government adopted to stimulate domestic demand. Domestic demand can be divided into investment demand and consumption demand,

The contribution of cultivated land occupation by construction to China＇s economic growth

The paper applies Cobb-Douglas Production Function and Solow-Swan Model to constructing the calculation model of the contribution rate of cultivated land occupation by construction （CLOC） to China＇s economic growth,and analyzes the contribution change of CLOC to China＇s economic growth qualitatively and quantitatively.The main conclusions are as follows：1） From 1989 to 2007,the contribution rates of capital,labor,and CLOC to China＇s economic growth were 45.76%,8.47%,and 6.19% respectively.2） From the period 1989-1996 to the period 1997-2007 the contribution rate of CLOC to China＇s economic growth increased from 5.40% to 5.87%.The degree of contribution was enhanced significantly.3） The contribution of CLOC to China＇s economic growth had a spatial distribution characteristic that the contribution rate of eastern coastal regions was the highest,that of central regions came second,and that of western regions the lowest.The paper indicates that in order to enhance the contribution of CLOC to China＇s economic growth,some relevant economic and administrative measures might be taken,and land might be used intensively and economically to increase land economic density.The cost of promoting gross domestic product （GDP） growth might be reduced as much as possible to achieve higher GDP growth and lower land resource consumption.

皖江城市带经济增速空间相关结构的时空演化特点——基于Sampson-Guttorp方法的实证研究

文章以Sampson-Guttorp空间相关非参数估计方法为基本工具,分析皖江城市带正式确立前后带内县域经济增长速度的空间相关结构,以此分析确立前后各县区间经济增速变化的依赖情况及依赖情况的变化特点。结果表明:皖江城市带的确立促进了跨江联动,但合肥、芜湖两地的联动有待加强;皖江城市带的确立使经济增速的空间差异状况发生变化,经济增速变化同步的县区由从北向南的团块状分布改为从东向西的条带状分布,且确立前带内经济增速交错变化,而确立后带内西部地区的经济增速高于东部;皖江城市带示范区规划具有现实基础,但各县区间经济联系的动态变化性、经济区与行政区的不一致性依然存在。