Quality Control Measures of Bored Pile in Bridge Construction

In order to improve the quality of bored piles in bridge construction and ensure the overall quality of the bridge,we analyzed a series of problems in the construction process of bored piles,then propose corresponding quality control measures,in hopes of improving quality control of bored piles in bridge construction in our country.

Construction and control technology of the main bridge superstructure of Sutong Bridge

The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge(short as Sutong Bridge)is now the largest span cable-stayed bridge in the world.The construction of the superstructure of the middle bridge covered several stages including erection of the big block girders for the side span,assistant span and tower area,erection of standard girders and closure of the middle span.The big block girders were hoisted by a floating crane,and the standard girders were hoisted by a double crane system on the deck.The pushing assistant method was adopted for the middle span closure construction.Furthermore,key technologies and innovative methods used in the processes of girder erection and cable assemblage in all stages were expatiated systematically.An all-stage self-adaptive geometry control method was used in the construction process.By accurately controlling the unstressed dimensions and shape of all structural components in each step,and realization that the control system and the controlled system adapt to each other,the goal was to make control of the final line shape and inner force of the bridge structure achievable.Two solutions,including GPS based and total station based dynamic geometry monitoring systems,were used to resolve the measure problem under the wide-range of wind-induced vibrations in the long cantilever state.Finally,research on the wind-induced vibration of the superstructure during the construction period was executed.Buffeting response analysis to the longest single and double cantilever states were carried out.The analysis and evaluation of wind resistance safety of the main girders under the longest single cantilever state was made,and corresponding wind resistance measures were suggested.The as-built geometric error and cable force error were controlled in a required design range,and this whole technological achievement can be a benchmark for construction of other large span cable-stayed bridges in the future.

Influence of concrete differential aging time on the construction phases analysis of the Fenghua River Bridge

The Fenghua River Bridge is a major structure on the highway between Hengzhang and Guojiachi, which is to be built with a four-span prestress concrete (PC) box girder and symmetrical cantilever castings. In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) model is set up to study the effects of concrete differential aging time on the construction phases of the Fenghua River Bridge by calculating the vertical displacement of the folding segment of the middle span and the longitudinal bending moment of Pier 12#. In the model, the girders are classified into 150 changing sections based on the desgn scheme, and their construction is to be carried in 16 phases respectively to build 12 blocks connected by a side folding segment and a middle folding segment, covered with a second dead load and in completion for 20 years. It is found that the internal forces and deformations of the concrete structures at the aging time of 60 d are quite different from those of 0 d aging time while the behaviors of the structures of 120 d aging time is nearly the same as those of 60 d aging time― the differences are so small that can be neglected, suggesting that the creep develops obviously about one month after the cement is hardened and the development fades later on.

A Study of the system control model of caisson dewatering of the north anchorage of Taizhou Bridge

A caisson foundation is applied to the north anchorage of Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge of which the initial caisson sinking requires dewatering. Since the caisson foundation is quite close to nearby buildings, a system control model is established with source (sink) distribution and intensity being the object function, minimum requirements of settlement and deformation of surroundings caused by dewatering and dynamic water levels during different working procedures being constraints, and the design parameter of pumping wells being the variable,so as to lower the jeopardizing of surrounding buildings, which provides a new method for active control over settlement during dewatering. Such a method of dewatering based on system control model should be of significance for similar projects involving dewatering.

Construction Management and Installation Quality Control Strategy of Steel Bridges

At present,China’s bridges are mostly made of concrete,which contain a large amount of cement,sand and gravel and other materials,which can easily cause environmental pollution.At the same time,China’s total steel production continues to rank first in the world.The construction and development of steel bridges have sufficient basic support.At the same time,steel is more environmental-friendly than concrete,with higher strength,lower weight,and can reduce construction waste significantly,so the development of steel bridges has been on the rise.To optimize the application effect of steel structure bridges,it is necessary to analyze the construction management and installation quality control strategies of steel bridges for reference.

Arrangement Selection and Construction Quality Control Measures of Bridge Support

Bridge bearings are a small part of the whole bridge structure,but it can affect the corner of the bridge,and the stability and quality of the bridge deck,so the performance of the bridge bearing can directly determine the quality and lifespan of the entire bridge.The bridge bearing connects the upper and lower parts of the whole bridge.In order to improve the quality and structure of the whole bridge,the layout and selection of bridge bearings needs to be done well,the construction process needs to be closely monitored,and the whole process needs to be well-managed.The existing problems should be analyzed in detail and solved in time to ensure the quality of the bridge project.

A Survey of Steel Arch Bridges in China

A review of the current status and progress of steel arch bridges in China is presented in this paper. The existing steel arch bridges in China were analyzed in terms of steel material, span, structure type, main arch rib form and construction method. The comparison with CFST arch bridges and RC arch bridges is also conducted. It is shown that steel arch bridge has gain rapid development in China since 2000, characterized by long main spans. As for the span, most of the steel arch bridges have a span less than 250 m, while when the span exceeds 350 m, steel arch bridges are strongly competitive against CFST or RC arch bridges. Over 80% of the bridges are through and half-through bridge types, and the arch ribs are hingeless structures. The rise-to-span ratios of the arches are mainly between 1：4 and 1： 5. Most of the arches use solid box ribs, and a small portion of arches use truss ribs in which box sections are mostly adopted for the truss members. The cantilever method and scaffolding method are the two main construction methods used, but some other construction methods have also been developed.

Evolution of suspension bridge structural systems,design theories,and shape-finding methods:A literature survey

Modern suspension bridges exhibit a trend of lighter structures,more diversified structural forms,and longer spans,the latter already exceeding two kilometers.Bridge performance under dead and live loads depends on their structural and main cable systems,while cablesupported bridges especially rely on the design analysis and construction control of the main cable.This literary survey systematically analyzes the research progress and state-ofthe-art status quo in the structural systems and design theories of suspension bridges,focusing on the structural systems,main cable shape analyses,live load effect analyses,and emerging lucrative research directions.More than 100 reliable references have been surveyed.(1)Multi-span or multi-main cable schemes appeal to increasing attention,which may become a better choice in terms of structural systems in scenarios with extremely long spans and heavy loads.The cable layouts,such as spatial main cables and hybrid cable-stayed suspension systems have also become feasible approaches for enhancing structural stiffness.(2)The shape-finding analysis during the construction phase is more complex and has more essential factors than that of the completed bridge state.Refined theories combining analytical methods and finite element methods are more suitable for the shape-finding analysis of complex cable systems than any single theory of the two,especially for novel cable systems.(3)The live load effect analysis methods based on traditional deflection theory or modified/improved deflection theories still have wide applications,but the refined theory of treating hangers as discrete members is also constantly developing,which is expected to provide new ideas for more complex structural analysis under the different types of live loads and their distribution forms.

Research on adaptive anti-rollover control of kiloton bridge transporting and laying vehicles

The SPMT construction method is a new rapid construction technology of large urban overpass with unblocked traffic,and unstability of SPMT construction method equipment cannot be accurately described due to the concrete beam size,irregular shape and complex transport conditions,which is called kiloton bridge transporting and laying vehicle.The anti-rollover performance of SPMT suspension system is studied,and vehicle side slip angle and load transfer rate(LTR) are regarded as the evaluation indexes.An active suspension adaptive anti-rollover control model of SPMT,in which roll stability affected by the structural parameters and control parameters,is built based on fuzzy PID,and the effectiveness of the control method is verified through real vehicle test.

Application of Gliding Scaffold System In Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction

Gonghe bridge is a double level cable-stayed concrete bridge with a single-cable-plane of single cable tower. Its span is 114+120 m and a whole length of 236 m. The gliding scaffold equipment is used for the first time in the long span cable-stayed bridge construction to reduce the construction time limit. In the process of construction, to make sure a safe connection among concrete objects with different ages, the single-supporting and single-suspension system is adopted before the concrete pouring. While the double-supporting and single-suspension system is applied after con- crete pouring. These construction systems with gliding scaffold equipment are first introduced in long span ca- ble-stayed bridge and presented in detail[1]. The practice shows that these gliding scaffold systems have many advan- tages over the traditional ones.

Assistant pullback technique for main span closure of Sutong Bridge

Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed steel box girder bridge with a main span of 1 088 m. The erection of upper structure adopts geometry control method and requires no change to the unit＇ s size and the structure＇ s none-stress geometry. Before main span closure, the cantilever of girder reaches 540.8 m, the structure state is noticeably influenced by extemal circumstances, the main span closure face great difficulty. By abstracting the advantage of the pullback method abroad and the domestic temperature-cutting method, a new assistant pullback method have put forward and bring into practice actually. In this paper, the analysis key point of practice conditions, key parameter of practice, main measures of the method and the performance is introduced.

Application of Wireless Monitoring System to Structural Health Monitoring of Long-Spanned Cable-Stayed Bridge

The remote monitoring system applied to the construction control and health monitoring of the Nanjing Third Yangtze River Bridge is introduced. The System makes it possible to get the structure capabilities and environmental parameters of the bridge at the predetermined moment. It sends the collected data over a long distance to an assigned position for display and analysis. The related methods and working condition of the wireless monitoring system are discussed. The measured data during 48 h are employed to determine the feasibility for the closure of the bridge.

“桥建合一”型高架车站实测分析及结构减振优化

针对“桥建合一”型高架车站振动舒适度问题,以某一典型“桥建合一”型高架车站为研究对象,对列车运行引起的楼板振动进行现场实测分析,并基于车桥耦合分析理论,建立高架车站精细化有限元模型,从振源、传递路径和受振体对高架车站进行结构减振优化分析。研究表明:“桥建合一”型高架车站所受车致振动影响严重,站厅层振动敏感区为跨中楼板中心;通过提升轨道梁弹性模量、适度增加层高、在站厅层区域楼板中心布置次梁以及铺设浮筑楼板的方法均可减小楼板振动响应,但单独采取某一结构减振优化措施效果较差;同时采取以上4种结构减振优化组合措施时减振效果良好,减振后楼板中心的最大Z振级为73.15dB,减振量达13.54dB,满足振动舒适度要求。

高烈度区快速施工跨线桥基础隔震性能研究

为适应高烈度区跨线桥快速施工的需要,提出基础隔震跨线桥的设计理念。以某2×25m高速公路跨线桥为工程背景,将铅芯橡胶支座作为基础隔震装置进行研究。采用Midas/Civil建立桥梁动力分析模型,选取7条时程曲线作为地震动输入,对跨线桥进行顺桥向和横桥向时程分析,对比采用基础隔震体系前后跨线桥抗震性能的变化,并分析弹性挡块对跨线桥地震位移的控制效果。结果表明:基础隔震跨线桥将主梁与中墩作为整体预制安装,最大限度地减少了现场作业时间,理论上可作为跨线桥快速施工的一种方式;相比于常规结构体系,基础隔震体系既能降低中墩地震内力,又能减小梁端支座位移,可显著提升跨线桥在顺桥向和横桥向的抗震性能;弹性挡块可有效控制基础隔震跨线桥的地震位移,但使得桥墩的地震内力明显增大,设计时应注意二者的平衡,合理选择弹性挡块的力学参数。

济阳黄河公铁两用特大桥施工关键技术

济阳黄河公铁两用特大桥主桥为(84+144+228+240+300+120+60)m非对称、多跨、不等高、矮塔钢桁梁斜拉桥,采用塔梁固结、塔墩分离的结构体系。主梁采用N形双主桁、双层桥面布置,上层通行6车道公路,下层通行双线铁路。主墩桩基利用黄河枯水期采用大型旋挖钻机成孔,位于黄河主河槽的主墩承台采用锁口钢管桩围堰成套施工技术,其余主墩采用钢板桩围堰施工。主墩承台大体积混凝土结构采用自动测温及内部循环冷却水控制的智能化温度控制系统,承台混凝土未出现有害裂纹。钢桁梁利用门吊吊装杆件,设置墩旁托架和临时墩,采用双悬臂拼装+单侧悬臂拼装方式架设,结合钢塔两侧跨度不对称及跨黄河险工河段、施工条件受限等特点,通过定点精确配重+移动配重+索力调整,确保了钢桁梁线形满足设计要求、架设过程安全稳定。钢塔利用组合起重设备和定位工装分节组拼,钢横梁利用塔顶吊架整体提升,保证了钢塔安装精度。

基于零位移与无应力状态控制的斜拉扣挂施工扣索力确定方法

大跨度拱桥常采用斜拉扣挂法开展拱肋施工,但在节段拼装过程中扣索索力和拱肋空间位形之间互相影响,索力优化计算以及扣索状态控制问题复杂。提出改进零位移法结合无应力状态控制法的复合扣索力计算方法:基于改进型零位移法快速得到满足成拱线形要求的扣索力大小,基于成拱索力采用无应力状态法反推各施工阶段扣索索力。该复合方法可避免传统零位移法扣索力不准和反复迭代计算的缺陷,施工中扣索可实现一次张拉,后续节段拼装中无需对扣索进行索力调整。以某跨径430 m大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥缆扣合一施工为工程应用背景,采用的零位移法结合无应力状态法对大跨度非对称式钢结构拱肋进行斜拉扣挂拼装的扣索力求解和施工模拟。分析拼装过程中扣索力变化规律,并对比验证实际线形与目标线形偏差,以及拱肋应力与设计应力之间偏差程度。结果表明,所提出的复合算法理论简单且索力求解计算便捷。所求的扣索力可有效保证拱肋拼装完成及松索后拱肋线形和受力均满足要求。

重庆白居寺长江大桥施工控制关键技术

重庆白居寺长江大桥主桥为主跨660 m的公轨两用双塔双索面钢桁梁斜拉桥。桥塔为空间曲线水滴形混凝土结构,采用爬模施工;钢桁梁为带边纵梁的倒梯形截面,利用桥面吊机进行对称悬臂施工。为确保成桥后的各项力学和线形指标满足设计要求,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立主桥施工阶段有限元模型,对塔顶偏位和应力、钢桁梁线形及斜拉索张拉进行施工监控。通过控制塔顶偏位以及关键断面应力,确保了钢桁梁施工中桥塔的安全;通过控制主桁和边纵梁的制造和安装线形,保证了钢桁梁成桥线形的控制精度;通过边、中跨1~5号索同步对称初张、6~20号索分级不对称初张及局部二次调索,提高了斜拉索的施工效率以及索力控制精度。施工监控结果表明:塔顶偏位最大偏差27 mm,钢桁梁线形最大偏差52 mm,斜拉索索力偏差在±5.6%内,均满足设计要求。

基于数字孪生的船撞桥梁抢险施工风险分析

船撞桥梁抢险施工风险控制研究较少,本文依托某船撞桥梁抢险施工,首先分析发生上部结构连续垮塌二次事故风险,接着分析抢险施工振动和地震作用等风险;建立基于数字孪生的船撞桥梁抢险施工风险控制平台,结合桥墩、盖梁水平位移与沉降监测结果进行预测分析。结果表明:船舶撞击力远大于立柱抗剪承载力1717.9 kN,立柱底出现塑性铰,当立柱顶沉降达2.6 cm时将存在上部结构滑落风险,亟须加固并进行动态监测;抢险施工插打钢管桩振动速度远小于《爆破安全规程》规定的振动速度,施工振动对立柱影响较少,但墩柱受损后抗震性能显著降低,当地震波峰值达11.148 GAL或以上时,立柱底部产生的最大轴力均大于轴向受压承载力11027.78 kN,存在严重安全隐患;通过改进小波去噪的灰色LSTM(long short-term memory)组合模型进行预测,得到未来3、5、7 d沉降变化预测结果,相对误差均在15%之内,与实测监测结果基本一致;采用人工干预可以实现物理实体和虚拟孪生体的双向交互,确保抢险施工安全。

高速铁路千米长联桥铺设无砟轨道施工控制

千米级长联大跨桥的桥面线形在塔-梁-索温度变化、桥上荷载变动作用下易产生较明显的竖向变化。本文结合新建郑州—济南铁路长清黄河大桥工程,建立轨道-桥梁系统一体化有限元模型,并根据不同施工阶段的实际温度及桥上压重荷载对模型进行实时修正,提出线形控制技术优化方案,以实现千米级长联大跨斜拉桥上无砟轨道的高精度施工。结果表明:利用修正后的相对高差控制底座板放样施工,可将全桥底座板偏差控制在-10~10 mm内,计算相对高差时要考虑二期恒载的影响及实际施工温度与设计温度的偏差;利用修正后的绝对高程来控制轨道板精调,可使最终实测线形与设计线形的偏差控制在-2.0~1.6 mm内,每跨施工作业周期内温度变化不超过2℃;采用60 m弦中点弦测法对精调后的轨面线形进行复核,测得最大弦测值为2.67 mm,满足规范要求。

大跨度斜拉桥拉索安装扭转控制技术

超长斜拉索在大跨度斜拉桥的安装施工中常因张拉扭转引起设备损坏、拉杆脱锚等严重问题。通过优化斜拉索钢丝受力分析,基于能量法原理计算拉索张拉产生的最大扭矩,根据分析结果对千斤顶抗扭转装置进行设计验算,校核了抗扭转装置止转滑块的最大挠度,并利用有限元软件进行仿真分析,分析结果与计算结果相吻合。经嘉鱼长江公路大桥主桥斜拉索安装施工现场使用验证,大吨位抗扭转千斤顶可有效防止拉索张拉扭转带来的不利影响,保证拉索的张拉质量和安装施工进度。