Characterization of Air Pollution in Urban Areas of Yangtze River Delta,China

The hallmark of development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) of East China has been sprawling urbanization. However, air pollution is a significant problem in these urban areas. In this paper, we investigated and analyzed the air pollution index(API) in four cities(Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo) in the YRD from 2001 to 2012. We attempted to empirically examine the relationship between meteorological factors and air quality in the urban areas of the YRD. According to the monitoring data, the API in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou slightly declined and that in Ningbo increased over the study period. We analyzed the inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly variations of API, from which we found that the air quality had different temporal changes in the four cities. It was indicated that air quality was poor in winter and spring and best in summer. Furthermore, different weather conditions affected air quality level. The wind direction was considered as an important and influential factor to air pollution, which has an impact on the accumulating or cleaning processes of pollutants. The air quality was influenced by the different wind directions that varied with seasons and cities.

Yangtze River Delta,The Works of Nature

The Yangtze River Delta or Yangtze Delta.also called Chang Jiang Delta,or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze,genelallv comprises the triangular-shaped territory of Wu-speaking Shanghai,southern Jiangsu province and northern Zhejiang province of China.The area lies at the heart of the region traditionally called Jiangnan.The Yangtze River drains into the East China Sea.

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

Effects of Land Use Changes Across Different Urbanization Periods on Summer Rainfall in the Pearl River Delta Core Area

The Pearl River Delta(PRD)is one of the three urban agglomerations in China that have experienced rapid development.For this study,a core area of the PRD was identified,comprising the highly urbanized areas of Guangzhou,Foshan,Zhongshan,Zhuhai,Shenzhen,and Dongguan Cities.The expansion of these urban areas was tracked across three time periods—the year population urbanization rate exceeded 70%(2000),18 years before(1982),and 18 years after(2018).This study used the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model to explore summer rainfall changes across different urbanization periods in the PRD core area.The results show that urban land expansion mainly occurred in the post urbanization period.Rainfall changes acros s different urbanization periods were roughly consistent with previously observed spatial and temporal changes accompanying urban expansion in the PRD core area.Extreme rainfall mainly increased in the post urbanization period,shifting rainstorm center towards the PRD core area.Further causal analysis revealed that land use changes affected rainfall by altering thermodynamics and water vapor transfer.The urban expansion changed the surface energy balance,resulting in increased surface heating and heat island effects.The heat island effects thickened the planetary boundary layer and increased vertical wind speeds,which initiated dry island effects,thereby causing more water vapor transportation to the atmosphere.Consequently,rainstorms and extreme rainfall events have become concentrated in urban areas.

Analysis of the Higher Education Research in the Chengdu-Chongqing Region:A Comparative Perspective Based on Three Major Economic Circles in China

Drawing on literature regarding higher education research retrieved from the CNKI database from 1997 to 2021,this paper used CiteSpace to analyze the current status of higher education research in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.By comparing it with that in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,and the Yangtze River Delta,this paper concluded that the level of higher education research within a region is in line with the level of the region’s economic and social development.As higher education research in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle draws more and more attention,its research areas and topics are becoming increasingly diversified.However,by comparison,the research in this region features a late start and lower participation of researchers and research institutions,resulting in insufficient research in both quantity and quality.Therefore,it is essential to encourage more experts and scholars to participate in higher education research in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.Efforts should also be made to strengthen academic exchanges and cooperation between scholars in Chengdu and Chongqing and establish a long-term cooperation mechanism for higher education research between the two cities.Improved higher education research will definitely facilitate the construction of first-class universities,thus providing human capital and intellectual support for the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.

数字经济产业区域协同发展机理及路径研究--基于江西与粤港澳、长三角、长江中游城市群协同发展视角

数字经济产业区域协同发展对推动区域经济效率变革、质量变革和动力变革具有积极推动作用。近年来,江西充分发挥毗邻粤港澳大湾区、长三角以及位居长江中游城市群的地理优势,积极推动数字经济产业区域协同发展,打造了赣深电子信息产业集聚区、承接长三角数字产业转移示范区、赣湘电子信息产业园等,为江西数字经济产业高质量发展奠定了扎实基础,但是在数字经济产业区域协同发展过程中仍然存在协同规划缺乏、协同层次偏低、协同结构失衡、产业数字化滞后、数字技术协同创新弱和数据要素共建共享不畅等问题。这需从强化规划引领、提高协同层次、优化协同结构、加快数字化转型、推动数字技术协同创新和促进数据互联互通共用等方面加以破解。

都市圈时空演变特征及溢出效应——来自长三角城市与企业证据

在“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要中,明确提出了“发挥中心城市和城市群带动作用,建设现代化都市圈”的重要任务,这是深入贯彻落实新型城镇化和区域协调发展战略的关键内容。都市圈通过“中心—外围”结构促进要素自由流动,释放市场活力和社会创造力,成为推动经济高质量发展和城市能级跃升的核心动力,这将对区域发展带来怎样的影响?这种影响对跨边界或不同空间特征城市是否存在差异?何种原因导致了这样的差异?以长三角地区都市圈的丰富实践经验,将为越来越多加入现代化都市圈的城市提供怎样的经验参考?厘清上述问题,将有助于更深入地分析中国都市圈发展现状与形成机制,对城市经济发展和区域经济一体化的理论研究和政策制定具有重要的现实意义。首先,文章采用空间计量模型对中国城市统计年鉴数据进行研究,分析了长三角地区城市经济发展时空演变特征,聚焦都市圈对区域经济发展的作用。研究发现,相对于长三角全域,在都市圈范围内的城市经济发展均衡程度更高,并且都市圈经济发展存在显著的溢出效应。其次,文章基于中国工业企业数据库,构建了城市群层面的产业数据。为了克服内生性挑战,文章采用份额移动法构造Bartik工具变量,识别了都市圈中心城市对外围城市的产业层面溢出效应。考虑产业关联效应的影响,文章检验了两地间产业结构相似度的作用,并发现中心城市与外围城市之间的产业结构相似度越高,中心城市的溢出效应越强。与此同时,受多个增长极与单一增长极影响的外围城市获得的溢出效应存在差异。由于受多增长极影响的外围城市能吸引更多劳动力,因而其溢出效应更为显著。最后,文章还发现都市圈空间溢出能够突破行政边界,这有助于地方政府协调,进而增强中心城市的溢出效应。为了加速培育和壮大都市圈,我们应积极发挥中心城市主导的溢出效应,以都市圈一体化推动区域协调发展。同时,还应支持多中心多层级都市圈融合联动发展,深化都市圈合作与分工。此外,我们还需要创新都市圈城市利益共享合作机制,积极探索都市圈一体化体制机制创新,着力打破条块分割,助力消除行政区之间的隐形障碍。

区域医疗器械发展态势分析——以粤港澳大湾区与长三角地区产业集群为例

目的 客观分析粤港澳大湾区和长三角地区医疗器械发展态势,评估各城市产业布局和发展水平,为国家、区域产业规划和政策制定提供参考。方法 从宏观区域、中观城市和微观产品布局3个层面定量分析并对比两区域医疗器械营收、企业和产品情况。结果 粤港澳大湾区和长三角地区是我国医疗器械集群发展区域,产业规模和营收位居全国前列,呈现明显的上升趋势。其中,深圳市、上海市、苏州市等城市医疗器械企业分布集中,生产第二类、第三类医疗器械的企业占比较高,且有较高的企业活跃度和新注册产品数量。粤港澳大湾区在体外诊断试剂(In Vitro Diagnostic Products,IVD)、医用软件、医用成像器械等方面的生产优势显著,长三角地区的产品布局在IVD、医用成像器械、治疗器械和高分子医用材料方面较为密集,区域内各城市之间形成一定互补。结论 两区域医疗器械发展优势明显,继续加强政策引导和科技、金融投入,激励产业产品持续提质升级,基于本地优势实现区域差异化互补,以及充分利用区位优势是两区域医疗器械产业可采取的发展策略。

新发展理念视角下民族地区高质量发展测度与区域差异研究

以新发展理念为视角,从创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展与共享发展五个维度,结合全局熵值法构建民族地区指标评价体系对其经济发展质量进行测度,并与长三角地区的经济质量发展作对比。评价结果表明,民族地区经济发展质量整体提升,但发展趋势存在差异,与发达地区的经济相比尚需提高,通过实证模型确认二者发展水平差异的内部因素,进一步通过Dagum基尼系数分解探讨影响民族地区高质量发展的外部因素,并提出相应的政策建议。

Long-term observations of tropospheric NO_2, SO_2 and HCHO by MAX-DOAS in Yangtze River Delta area, China

Yangtze River Delta （YRD） area is one of the important economic zones in China. However, this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy （MAX-DOAS） network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO2, SO2, and formaldehyde （HCHO） in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD （Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai） were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities （VCDs） and profiles of NO2, SO2, and HCHO. Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO2 and SO2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO2, SO2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument （OMI） satellite observations, resulting in R2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRO under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation.

政府行为和技术创新如何影响金融服务实体经济效率?——基于长三角四大都市圈的实证研究

当前区域间金融资源配置不平衡现象突出,地区金融服务实体经济效率存在较大差异。基于2012-2022年相关数据,以长三角四大都市圈为研究对象,从全要素生产率角度测算金融服务实体经济效率水平及区域差异;对政府行为和技术创新对金融服务实体经济效率水平的影响进行实证分析,并探究不同地区呈现的差异。研究发现,加强技术创新对提高金融服务实体经济效率有显著的促进作用,而政府过度干预则会降低金融服务实体经济效率。基于研究结论提出以下建议:促进金融资源跨区域流动,缩小地区间效率差异;政府适度干预,由“生产型政府”向“服务型政府”转型;以实体经济融资需求为导向,激励企业持续技术创新;改善实体经济融资结构,提高直接融资比重。

高铁网络发展下的站城空间与功能关系研究--以长三角地区为例

在过去近20年里,中国高铁网络化已成为城市和区域空间发展的重要推动力,各级政府也在不同层面上实施了高铁站区建设与城市空间协同发展策略。为此,建立站城空间及站城功能联系的分析框架,以长三角为案例区,探讨不同类型高铁站的站区发育及站城关系特征。结果表明,长三角地区高铁站城联系具有较大的分异特征,大多站区功能发育水平较低,区域中心城市和部分地级城市与其主要高铁站区之间相互强化发展,而其他高铁城市与站区之间功能联系有待提升,不同类型高铁站的站城功能联系发育水平受站区、城市和区域因素的交互影响。结合站区发展潜力、地区差异化的高铁出行需求、城市空间发展规划,建议提升站城交通服务质量、分类分级培育站区主导功能、优化站城功能联系。

长三角地区城区面积−绿地面积异速增长关系及协调性研究

城区面积与绿地面积发展关系是影响城市新型城镇化质量提高的关键问题。以长三角地区为研究区,利用异速增长模型和耦合协调度模型探讨2000―2020年城区面积与绿地面积的发展关系,分析城区面积−绿地面积异速增长与耦合协调的交互规律及影响因素。研究发现:①长三角城区面积和绿地面积呈现出“一极多核”的空间结构,其结构具有较强的稳定性。时间上,异速增长关系类型沿着绿地扩张弱型−城区绿地基本协调型−绿地扩张弱型演进;空间上,以绿地扩张弱型城市为主,即正异速增长型城市数量占据主导地位。②长三角城区面积与绿地面积的协调度总体呈上升趋势,协调度格局具有较强的稳定性,在空间上呈“东高西低”的分布格局,协调度空间差异呈扩大态势。③长三角城区面积与绿地面积协调度类型的数量结构由“金字塔型”转变为“橄榄型”,正异速增长型城市协调度趋于上升且空间差异较大,负异速增长型城市协调度趋于下降且空间差异较大。④城镇化率、人均GDP和人口密度对耦合协调度影响较强,第三产业比重、固定资产投资率、财政自给率耦合协调度和异速增长均有不同程度影响,各因素对耦合协调度的影响均超过异速增长。

Appropriation of Innovation and Patent Behaviors of Technological Firms in the Yangtze Delta Area

In the transition from ＂made in China＂ to ＂invented in China,＂ what is the motivation of Chinese firms in applying for patents？ Why do some firms bypass patents？ How is patenting developing within Chinese firms？ This paper attempts to answer these questions using data of Chinese firms in the Yangtze River Delta region. Results indicate that, for product innovation, obtaining the lead time for market entry is of top priority in innovation protection, followed by confidentiality and patent protection. As for process innovation, confidentiality ranks first, followed by patent protection and obtaining the lead time. There is a significant and positive relationship between prior experience of patent licensing and possibility of future patent licensing. Firms with painful patent litigation experience tend to avoid it in the future. It is also found that there are great differences in patent behaviors between Chinese enterprises and their foreign counterparts.

全球智慧城市群的比较研究

对全球智慧城市群或城市带的发展状况开展比较研究,分析其发展水平。首先,展示针对全球智慧城市群的相应评价方法,构建包括传统基础设施、数字基础设施和制度基础设施领域在内的9个指标。其次,以长三角地区、粤港澳大湾区、纽约湾区、大湖区、日本三湾、波斯湾、墨西哥湾、北海和波罗的海在内的滨海城市群或城市带,以及阿尔卑斯山脉、喀尔巴阡山—巴尔干山脉、落基山脉和亚洲内陆在内的内陆集群作为分析对象。最后,对上述城市群或城市带的智慧城市建设情况开展比较研究,展示它们不同的发展水平。结果显示,纽约湾、波罗的海和北海智慧城市群或城市带领先全球,令人意外的是粤港澳大湾区和长三角智慧城市群在总分和单项上均与全球有一定差距。

中国数字人才空间分布与流动格局——基于京津冀、长三角和粤港澳地区的分析

人才是数字经济发展的核心驱动力。通过梳理人工智能、物联网、云计算和区块链领域的关键核心技术,基于领英(LinkedIn)大数据洞察平台,获取京津冀、长三角和粤港澳地区的数字人才静态区位(2022年)和动态迁移(2021—2022年)数据,比较分析中国三大城市群数字人才分布与流动格局。结果表明:(1)数字人才高度集中在核心城市,但在能级上与顶尖全球城市还有较大差距;(2)粤港澳和长三角地区数字人才发展的协调水平高于京津冀地区,并形成了港–深、沪–苏两大高地;(3)数字人才在中国呈现环流格局,但全球尺度上是非“零和博弈”,表现出以香港地区为枢纽向海外转移的趋势;(4)三大城市群中不存在净流入型活跃城市,因而都面临严峻的数字人才流失风险。最后,从全球、区域和地方角度提出政策建议。

基于PSR的长三角区域生态环境质量综合评价及预测

根据生态环境压力-状态-响应模型(pressure-state-response,简称PSR),进行生态环境质量综合评价指标体系的构建,利用变异系数法对2011—2021年长三角区域中心区27个城市生态环境质量进行综合评价,同时运用GM(1,1)模型对2022—2024年长三角区域生态环境质量进行预测。2011—2021年长三角中心区生态环境质量总体呈现上升趋势,在生态环境状态和生态环境响应上也呈现上升趋势,但生态环境压力越来越大。在省域层面上,2011—2021年长三角中心区生态环境响应显示上海市综合指数最高;江苏省生态环境状态最高;安徽省生态环境压力的空间特征最高,上海最低,浙江省、江苏省居中。在市域层面,生态环境质量综合评价指数排名前三依次为舟山、池州、安庆,这与工业经济发展水平导致的环境压力相关。由GM(1,1)模型预测可知,2022—2024年的生态环境质量将呈现总体上升趋势。

都市圈空间结构与对外贸易高质量发展——来自长江三角洲的证据

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