The Study on Trade Policy and Openness of Mongolia： Influences on Trade Flows Between China-Mongolia-Russia （Past and Future）

This paper aimed to highlight the effects of conflict in Mongolia on trade policy and openness, by estimating the trade flows with neighbor countries （China and Russia）. Fourteen years＇ （2000-2013） data of Mongolian imports and exports were collected and gone through principal component analysis （PCA） and empirical analysis for grouping various trades with China and Russia. The empirical analysis identified the determining factors of Mongolian trade flow and openness with China and Russia. Empirical analysis evidenced that Mongolian trade and openness policy raised bilateral trade between China and Russia, leaving a great influence on economic size. Two main questions represented as empirically tested by each sample country. How did Mongolian trade policy and openness influence trade flows between China and Russia and economic growth of Mongolia？ Did Mongolian trade policy and the bilateral trade with China and Russia increase on trade openness？ Finally, the study focused on the forecasts from 2016 to 2018 to examine Mongolian trade flows with China and Russia using ordinary least squares method and autoregressive-moving-average （ARMA） model. China-Mongolia-Russia trade flows will continue to dominate during the forecasted period. As shown by the structure of export and import, goods with China and Russia influenced the mutual trade amount. Moreover, China and Russia traded to continue with Mongolia for goods in long run. Trade policy and openness, the major contributor in Mongolian economy, are significantly playing roles in trade and economy.

Low Carbon Beijing:Research on the Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Trading Price

The international community has taken extensive actions to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development with the intensification of global warming and climate change.China has also carried out a long-term layout,setting the goal of achieving a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.In 2021,with the official launch of a unified national carbon emissions trading market,China’s nationwide carbon emissions trading kicked off.Carbon emission trading is an important policy tool for China’s carbon peak and carbon-neutral action and an essential part of the country’s promotion of a comprehensive green transformation of the economy and society.This study uses a VAR(Vector Autoregressive)model to analyze the influencing factors of the Beijing carbon emissions trading price from January 2014 to December 2019.The study found that coal prices have the most significant impact on Beijing’s carbon emissions trading prices.Oil prices,industrial development indexes,and AQI(Air Quality Index)impacted Beijing’s carbon emissions trading prices.In contrast,natural gas prices and economic indexes have the most negligible impact.These findings will help decision-makers determine a reasonable price for carbon emissions trading and contribute to the market’s healthy development.

The influence of green barrier on China＇s agricultural products trade and countermeasure analysis

With the change and development of modern international new situation, some of the more traditional tariff barriers declining, green barriers to trade with their own unique and distinct era characteristic become the mainstream of the development of international trade today. Along with the Western Europe in some developed countries protect their existing markets, with the name of environmental protection and green trade protection measures, construction of the green trade barriers, so in practice to a certain extent seriously hindered the of some agricultural products sales and foreign trade credits. In this paper, starting from the factors and characteristics of green barrier produces, analyzes the causes of the green trade barrier of positivity and negativity, and contact our country agricultural product export and the present situation of the green trade barrier causes, analysis the reason of the thwarted by the green trade barrier, the feasibility of the agricultural development status in China, and puts forward some operable countermeasures, in order to adapt to the new situation of the development of foreign trade of agricultural products in China and good circulation.

The Impact of Climate Change on China’s Grain Trade

[Objective] The paper was to study the impact of climate on China’s grain trade. [Method] The grain trade gravity model was constructed and the main influence factors of the grain trade flow were analyzed, such as GDP, population, grain yield, CO2 and air temperature. [Result] GDP had negative correlation with China’s grain trade volume; carbon dioxide emissions had significantly positive correlation with China’s grain trade volume. [Conclusion] China’s grain structure of varieties should be adjusted with changes of people’s grain consumption structure; the better institutional arrangements should be created during grain production and distribution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Study of Factors Influencing China-ASEAN Agricultural Product Trade Development in the Context of"the Belt and Road"

This paper reviewed and analyzed the current situations and influencing factors of the bilateral agricultural product trade development in China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA),which has important practical significance for promoting the in-depth development of the free trade area and has guiding significance for precise policy implementation.Based on the status of import and export trade of agricultural products in CAFTA from 2013 to 2017,it constructed a trade gravity model.With the aid of Stata 14.0 software,it explored major factors influencing the development of bilateral agricultural trade from the total amount of agricultural products import and export and Commodity Indexes for the Standard International Trade Classification,Revision 3(SITC Rev.3)agricultural product classification data.The empirical regression results show that the GDP of ASEAN countries,the ratio of agricultural added value to GDP,and the per capita gross national income(GNI)measured based on the purchasing power parity(PPP)exchange rate have the greatest impact on agricultural product trade in CAFTA in the context of"the Belt and Road"(B&D).Based on empirical research,it came up with recommendations including adjusting the import and export structure of agricultural products,enhancing product competitive advantages,and implementing diversified markets.

Research on the Logistics Cost and Enterprise Operation Efficiency with the Influences on International Trade

In this paper, we conduct research on the logistics cost and enterprise operation efficiency with the influences on international trade. With the deepening of the reform of the market economic system in our country, and the advancement of the reform of state-owned enterprises and government function transformation, the company is out of the shackles of the planned economy as the main body of market competition, at the same time, government regulators and investors in a state-owned capital market, all kinds of financial intermediaries and the information intermediary organizations, as well as the associated with the interests of closely linked to the enterprise value creation main body, including business owners and operators have yet to establish a timely to adapt to the market economy system. With this guidance, we propose the novel international trade paradigm for the companies that will enhance the efficiency of the general management.

An Empirical Analysis on the Factors Influencing Actual Utilization of Foreign Capital in China

With the scale of actual utilization of foreign capital in our country appears to be increasing year by year with the increase of reform and opening up.Based on the data published by the National Bureau of Statistics from 1999 to 2018 on the actual use of foreign capital,we selected several reasonable indicators as the main influencing factors from an economic perspective,and constructed a econometric model.This paper examines and analyzes the factors affecting the actual use of foreign capital in China,and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions according to the empirical results.

Analysis of the Impact of Service Trade on Economic Development of Guangdong Province

Abstract Service trade is an important part of international trade.Since the late of twentieth Century,the international transfer of service industry for international service trade with the rapid development of information technology gradually spread in the world,which has become a new hot spot in the current international trade.It is important to promote the development of trade in services for Guangdong Province,actively attract Multi-National Corporation investment in the service industry,to undertake international service outsourcing,and vigorously promote the imports and exports of service industry,to promote the transformation of trade structure adjustment and growth mode.

The Import Trade Forecasting Model Based on PCA: Evidence from Rwanda

A developing country like Rwanda heavily is keen on international trade for several essential goods in the development of an economy. This study investigated the influence of various factors affecting import trade, and use principal component analysis to determine an empirical model for a comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of import trade of Rwanda using secondary data over the period from 1980-2017. The PCA model showed that Rwanda’s import trade is principally littered with investment fundamental factors, income consumption factors, price factors, inflation factors, and savings factors and the empirical results showed that Rwanda’s import trade is negatively correlated with the investment fundamental and savings factors, the income consumption factors, price factor, and the inflation are positively correlated and therefore the forecast for the period 2018-2025 revealed that the import trade of Rwanda may experience an increase. The implication is that unstable price and currency depreciation cause high income consumption and increased import trade volume. The study advises policy makers on international trade first to pay attention to the accumulation of investment and savings checking if providing support for import trade control and enhance economic security. Second, stabilize the price and manage to keep inflation low and stable. Third, better focus on improving domestic production by not permitting Rwandan currency (Frw) to lose the worth, thus directly forming the necessity for foreign merchandise for investment purposes to increase the level of production exportation, which might have a giant positive impact on saving culture linked to economic growth.

Country Contact Tightness Influence Analysis Using Indirect Effects

Contact tightness is significant in today’s diverse blend of modern society. We can see it on almost every corner of modern society, from developing and carrying out large external activities of the country’s foreign policy, to small affairs like business marketing and interpersonal communication. This paper aims to study the China’s economic ties with the world’s major political and economic tightness, which can help us make a comprehensive measure of China’s international influence. In addition, China’s strengths and weaknesses can be measured more accurately and exhaustively.

Empirical Analysis on Factors Influencing Export Trade Competitiveness of Inner Mongolia

[Objectives]To explore the factors influencing export trade competitiveness of Inner Mongolia.[Methods]According to Porter's diamond theory,this paper selects the factors influencing export trade competitiveness of Inner Mongolia,establishes VAR model,and makes an empirical analysis on the factors affecting export trade competitiveness of Inner Mongolia.[Results]The results show that research and development investment,foreign direct investment and the total export volume of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei can significantly promote the improvement of export trade competitiveness of Inner Mongolia.[Conclusions]According to the above results,it is proposed that Inner Mongolia should increase investment in research and development,improve the use efficiency of foreign capital,improve the development of relevant industries and actively undertake industrial transfer at home and abroad based on domestic demand.

侵犯商业秘密罪评价标准的修正与规范解读

《刑法修正案(十一)》完成了侵犯商业秘密罪由数额犯到情节犯的全面转型,但未跟进更新的司法解释易使得司法实务将情节犯作数额犯化处理,仅关注数额要素对于犯罪评价的影响。侵犯商业秘密罪所保护的是复合法益:一是商业秘密权利人对商业秘密享有的私权利,二是市场竞争秩序,后者又可还原为具体的个人法益——商业秘密权。以此为逻辑起点,侵犯商业秘密罪的评价体系应当坚持区分性、形式与实质相统一、强保护的原则,建构综合评价体系。各要素不可单独作为入罪标准,而应综合考量,建构起以数额要素为主,非数额要素为辅的“情节严重”解释体系。

论侵犯商业秘密罪的分层认定规则

前置法和刑法对于商业秘密纠纷的介入由于保护法益的不同而存在差别,反不正当竞争法着眼于商业秘密所有人的私权益,刑法保护的则是公平自由的竞争秩序。罪与非罪的判断需要以法益为指导并采用分层级的认定路径具体展开:第一层级需要以秘密性和保密性为识别标准,将涉案信息不具有智力成果属性的予以排除;第二层级需要首先以个案狭义情节要素的识别为基础检视刑法介入的必要性和适当性,其次数额要素的功能应由肯定入罪转向否定入罪,将数额要素不符合司法解释规定的案件进行出罪处理。只有同时满足两方面的要求才可以对法益侵害程度值得刑法处罚作出肯定评价。在层级认定模式下,法律和司法解释的规定能够在法律适用过程中实现有效的沟通与衔接。

“一带一路”沿线国家食物贸易网络格局及其影响因素

基于社会网络分析方法,构建“一带一路”沿线国家食物原料和食物加工品贸易网络,解析贸易网络结构特征的演变,探究贸易关系形成和强度变化的影响因素,以期为区域食物贸易合作战略的制定提供科学支撑.研究表明:1)“一带一路”沿线国家间食物贸易规模快速扩大,网络的整体紧密性、凝聚程度和连通性不断增强;2)中国是食物加工品贸易网络的绝对核心,并与俄罗斯、土耳其、印度、阿联酋共同形成食物原料贸易网络的核心,核心国家贸易关联广泛而规模庞大,对区域内食物流通起到控制作用;3)2009—2019年,食物贸易网络中的各个组团呈现分离重组特征,食物原料网络中的贸易大国陆续脱离原组团而跨区域组合,食物加工品网络中的国家节点则被东南亚组团和中俄组团不断吸附;4)食物贸易联系存在大国效应和地理邻近效应,自由贸易协定的签署和语言文化、物流水平的邻近有助于国家间食物贸易强度的提高.建议中国加快构建高标准自由贸易区网络,由近及远推动共建“一带一路”食物贸易通道,增强沿线国家的文化交流,以促进与食物贸易网络核心国家的贸易合作,多元化食物进出口渠道的同时提升在区域食物供应安全中的影响力.

Influencing Factors and Prediction of Carbon Trading Market Prices in China via Elliptical Factor Analysis

In this paper,the authors take Hubei carbon trading market prices as a sample,and select 27 variables from five aspects:International carbon market prices,energy prices,the macroeconomic situation,exchange rate factors and climate environment.The authors construct the elliptical approximate factor model and use a robust two step method based on multivariate Kendall's Tau matrix to extract common factors,identify the influencing factors of carbon prices,make out-of-sample forecasting of carbon prices,and compare with the prediction based on the historical mean of carbon trading market prices.The results show that the prediction of carbon trading market prices using elliptical approximate factor model is more accurate than the prediction based on the historical mean of carbon trading market prices.Among them,fossil energy prices,international carbon prices and climate environment are important influencing factors of carbon trading prices.

数字化背景下跨境贸易人民币结算效率的影响研究——基于时变随机前沿引力模型

数字技术在全球贸易中的应用正在快速增长,对跨境人民币的使用和结算方式产生了重大影响,本文选取2014—2021年我国与14个主要跨境贸易人民币结算国的跨境贸易人民币结算数据,基于时变随机前沿引力模型,测算跨境贸易人民币结算效率,探究数字化背景下跨境贸易人民币结算效率的影响因素,并提出相应对策建议。研究发现,各国(地区)跨境贸易人民币结算效率水平差异较大,整体效率水平偏低但逐年上升。进一步分析后发现,中国数字技术和数字治理发展水平能显著促进跨境贸易人民币结算效率的提升。据此,本文认为在推广跨境贸易人民币结算时应密切关注数字化赋能,不断提升数字技术和数字治理水平,以提升结算效率,推动人民币国际化发展。

基于扎根理论的政府开放数据价值影响因素研究

[目的/意义]政府开放数据价值是数字经济情境下个体数据行为嬗变的反馈性标志。从政府开放数据使用者视角识别其价值要素,对于促进政府数据管理水平,提升数据交易常态化具有理论和实践意义。[方法/过程]利用会议、访谈与网络数据获取原始资料,结合扎根理论,构建“三维—多层”的数据价值影响因素模型,涵盖121个初始概念、30项范畴和9项主范畴,各领域受访者共33位。[结果/结论]个体感知数据价值影响因素主要涉及需求、进路、市场化三个维度,综合考察各项主范畴,针对数据价值的内在关联以及外部机制,可以提炼出直接、间接、跨层、双元4种关系结构。这个过程在理论上弥补了传统政务体系下政府开放数据与个体需求二元割裂之不足,延展了政府开放数据的价值使用行为与价值释放路径。

侵害商业秘密民刑交叉案件法律适用重难点研究

实现对商业秘密宽严相济的保护,需要澄清商业秘密民刑交叉的重难点问题。首先是实体问题:民事法与刑事法认定侵害行为成立时,原则上应对相关构成要件的内涵持一致理解,刑事法仅可在客观方面、主观方面作出一些限缩。民事法与刑事法认定侵害行为造成损害时,存在一定区别,需要从刑事法角度,独立考量民事法的规则是否能在刑事诉讼中适用,但在刑事诉讼能认定的损害,民事诉讼也能认定,是民事损害的底线。其次是程序问题:民事诉讼采用举证义务转移规则,刑事诉讼采用犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分规则,两者不相互排斥;“民刑并行”不存在根本性问题,反而可构建层次分明、作用不同的商业秘密保护体系,发挥民事诉讼与刑事诉讼各自优势。最后是在先裁判约束力上:就在先刑事裁判对在后民事诉讼的约束力,应区分刑事裁判的裁判主文、主要及定罪案件事实、主要及定罪案件事实所依赖的证据,形成具有梯度的约束力;就在先民事裁判对在后刑事诉讼的约束力,民事裁判对刑事诉讼的约束力较弱,刑事诉讼应按照刑事诉讼自身的法律标准,审查民事裁判所确定的案件事实、所依赖的证据是否应当采纳。

农业水权交易发展影响因素分析——基于宏观、中观、微观视角

我国现阶段农业水权交易分散且规模较小,农业水权交易市场活跃度不高。随着水资源供需矛盾的日益紧张,需要激发市场在水资源配置中的决定性作用,进一步为农业水权创造更大的交易空间。农业水权涉及多层级管理制度,却少有从全局到细节不同维度分析农业水权交易发展影响因素的研究,无法具有系统性地推动农业水权交易发展。为此,本文将影响农业水权交易发展的关键因素划分为宏观社会经济、中观市场主体及相互关系和微观交易要素三个维度,定性分析不同维度各因素指标的实质属性以及对农业水权交易发展的影响效果,找准农业水权交易发展的宏观支撑,明确农业水权交易市场的发展思路,进而聚焦到微观交易要素在水权交易过程中的作用,从三个维度分别提出加大农业水权交易政策和多途径推进农村水系连通的建设力度、明确政企角色定位、鼓励农业水权交易与土地实现同步流转等活跃农业水权交易市场的建议,以期为完善农业水权交易市场提供建设基础和思路。

中国造纸行业出口贸易的影响因素及潜力研究

本课题通过分析中国造纸行业贸易现状及特点,基于2011—2022年中国与30个贸易伙伴国的面板数据,构建拓展的贸易引力模型,研究中国造纸行业出口贸易的影响因素和潜力。结果表明,中国对纸浆的进口依存度较高,近年来,在各类纸产品进口量下降的情况下,中国造纸行业的出口规模却呈上升趋势。经济规模、森林资源差异、运输成本、本币兑美元汇率、清关效率、签署自贸协定、运输效率及文化因素,均对中国造纸行业出口贸易具有显著影响;在中游和下游纸制品上,中国与主要国家分别属于贸易“潜力开拓型”和“潜力巨大型”。为此,中国应提高造纸产品质量和附加值,降低对纸浆等上游产品的进口依存度,加快推进与主要国家签署自贸协定。