Tracing back to the historical occurrence of“virtue”,it can be found that it originated from political practice and is an effective political technology with strong historical and political attributes.Among the core...Tracing back to the historical occurrence of“virtue”,it can be found that it originated from political practice and is an effective political technology with strong historical and political attributes.Among the core concepts of Confucianism,such as benevolence,rites,virtue,etc.,virtue should be the earliest to appear.Rites can be regarded as the daily,technical and detailed representation of virtue,while benevolence contains not only all ethical expectations of virtue,but also more complex humanistic information with more explicability.In contrast,“virtue”,with its rich practical color and ancient political experience,appears so simple that when it is regarded as an ideological concept,it is almost covered by the more mature“benevolence”with similar connotation,and overshadowed by richer“rites”.Therefore,virtue is the predecessor of rites and benevolence,which is the historical pedigree of the core concepts of Confucianism.展开更多
Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and...Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and its cultural development process in China.According to the characteristics of the development of Ginkgo culture,the process can be divided into three stages:Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties(which is named theological era),Sui and Tang Dynasties to early Qing Dynasty(which is named the literature era),and the modern China which is named the scientific era.The history of Ginkgo culture is a history of Ginkgo being gradually recognized,and the Ginkgo culture's connotation and extension are gradually deepened and developed.The construction of Ginkgo today's culture should be in the inheritance of historical culture,and combined with the needs of the times comprehensive innovation,take the science and human harmonious development road.展开更多
The Beiqian site,located in Jimo city,Qingdao,went through three archaeological excavations,and a large number of human and animal bones in the Dawenkou culture and the Zhou Dynasty period were unearthed.By carbon and...The Beiqian site,located in Jimo city,Qingdao,went through three archaeological excavations,and a large number of human and animal bones in the Dawenkou culture and the Zhou Dynasty period were unearthed.By carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis,the diet of ancestors is expected to be recovered,and the domesticated plants and animals will be discussed.The investigated results showed that the food structure of ancestors in both periods included food crops,mainly C4 foods,and meat,mainly marine shellfish and livestock.For domestic pigs,they mainly eat C3 plants,and were affected by the lifestyle of ancestors.This study also showed that the diet of ancestors is the shellfish rather than marine fish despite the Beiqian site is located near the shoreline.We can conclude that the diet of ancestors in Dawenkou culture period included millet crops(C4plants),shellfish,marine food,and livestock,representing the lifestyle of farming,domestication,and fishing,supplemented by hunting.In the Zhou dynasty period the meat resource was enriched by domesticated animals and marine fisheries,and the living conditions were significantly improved.展开更多
文摘Tracing back to the historical occurrence of“virtue”,it can be found that it originated from political practice and is an effective political technology with strong historical and political attributes.Among the core concepts of Confucianism,such as benevolence,rites,virtue,etc.,virtue should be the earliest to appear.Rites can be regarded as the daily,technical and detailed representation of virtue,while benevolence contains not only all ethical expectations of virtue,but also more complex humanistic information with more explicability.In contrast,“virtue”,with its rich practical color and ancient political experience,appears so simple that when it is regarded as an ideological concept,it is almost covered by the more mature“benevolence”with similar connotation,and overshadowed by richer“rites”.Therefore,virtue is the predecessor of rites and benevolence,which is the historical pedigree of the core concepts of Confucianism.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Project of Forestry (201004016)
文摘Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and its cultural development process in China.According to the characteristics of the development of Ginkgo culture,the process can be divided into three stages:Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties(which is named theological era),Sui and Tang Dynasties to early Qing Dynasty(which is named the literature era),and the modern China which is named the scientific era.The history of Ginkgo culture is a history of Ginkgo being gradually recognized,and the Ginkgo culture's connotation and extension are gradually deepened and developed.The construction of Ginkgo today's culture should be in the inheritance of historical culture,and combined with the needs of the times comprehensive innovation,take the science and human harmonious development road.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund(Grant Nos.11CKG004 and 11AZD116)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2012BQ025)Innovation Fund of Shandong University(Grant No.IFYT12038)
文摘The Beiqian site,located in Jimo city,Qingdao,went through three archaeological excavations,and a large number of human and animal bones in the Dawenkou culture and the Zhou Dynasty period were unearthed.By carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis,the diet of ancestors is expected to be recovered,and the domesticated plants and animals will be discussed.The investigated results showed that the food structure of ancestors in both periods included food crops,mainly C4 foods,and meat,mainly marine shellfish and livestock.For domestic pigs,they mainly eat C3 plants,and were affected by the lifestyle of ancestors.This study also showed that the diet of ancestors is the shellfish rather than marine fish despite the Beiqian site is located near the shoreline.We can conclude that the diet of ancestors in Dawenkou culture period included millet crops(C4plants),shellfish,marine food,and livestock,representing the lifestyle of farming,domestication,and fishing,supplemented by hunting.In the Zhou dynasty period the meat resource was enriched by domesticated animals and marine fisheries,and the living conditions were significantly improved.
