Corporate Governance and Debt Management of Vietnam＇s SMEs

The paper aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance and debt management of Vietnam＇s small and medium enterprises （SMEs）, in a case study of a specific enterprise. It reveals one case that corporate governance factors have strong correlation with performance, due to transparency to the lender, innovative and consistent to the debt management. The results indicate that timely reporting and level of disclosure positively affect corporate performance and ability to raise funds in the financial market. The paper seeds new light into the relationship between corporate governance and debt management of Vietnam＇s SMEs in current context. It finds ways to solve financial dilemma and raise corporate equity value that most SMEs are facing.

Research on the “New University” Management System from the Perspective of Finance

Since the release of the“Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020),”“new universities”have garnered widespread attention.The system and mechanism of these“new universities”are different from those of traditional universities.They have their own ways of running schools,management systems,and personnel training methods,all of which bring a different kind of pressure to government management.Looking from a financial perspective,this is also the key research subject of finance and financial personnel.We put forward implementation suggestions for the construction of the“new university”management system based on the experience summed up in the work and contribute to the country’s higher education.

Grand Strategies for Dealing With Chinese Local Government Debts

Local governmental debts in China seem to be in a more precarious position than local government debts in the USA. The scale of Chinese local government debts far surpasses that of the USA. Further, Chinese local government debts appear to be expanding at an alarming rate in the past decade or so. This research focuses on grand strategies for dealing with Chinese local government debts. There are five research questions for this paper： 1） What is the size of the Chinese government debts？ 2） Are Chinese local government debts controllable？ 3） Who or what caused the rapid increase of the Chinese local government debts？ 4） Is it possible to have individual accountability for increasing local government debts in the future？ and 5） Will it be helpful to create a local government debt management organization in the Chinese central government？ Based on the available literature, this analysis also utilizes in death interviews with 13 government officials, policy analyst, and scholars. First, this paper identifies the size and categories of debts related to Chinese local governments. Then this paper illustrates various ways and methods of Chinese local governments to obtain leverage. After analyzing the causes and origins of these debts, the research demonstrates a potential local systematic risk. By contrast to its advantages and disadvantages, the paper suggests that the local governmental debts need to be constrained. It is important to restrict debt growth in terms of issuing, buying, repurchasing, collateralizing, etc. within a legal framework. With the consideration of political mechanisms in China, the research suggests that the central government establishes a specific organization to help normalize the local governmental debts with the function of supervision and management. The research also believes that it will be an effective way to control the growth of local debts if the central government can hold the relevant top leaders/officials of local governments to be accountable for their performances related to debt accumulation.

Analyzing on the Characteristics of Several Typical Financial Behavior of Loss Listed Companies in China

In combination with socio-economic development of China＇s current status, this article analyzes the characteristics of several typical financial behavior of loss listed companies in China. Among them, the debt financing behavior have a high level, a single means, a short-term structured and other characteristics, the corporate governance behavior have a goal of collaborative, several forms, and a complex environment, the earnings management behavior have diverse motives, many types of means, bigger range and other features, the asset restructuring behavior have a passive subject, methods of differentiation, performance-oriented features such as myopia.

Recovery Capacity of the Finance System of Italian Municipalities After the Currency Crisis of 1992

This paper is a first pioneering attempt to apply the concept of resilience to the analysis of the public finance systems of local governments, a concept already used and ＂abused＂ in various disciplines and fields of science. In particular, it proposes an attempt to estimate the recovery capacity of Italian Municipalities in a crucial period of our country＇s financial history, between 1992 and 2000, or between the currency crisis and the introduction of the Euro. However, the analysis also involved the subsequent trends, in order to demonstrate that the current vulnerability of the municipal public finance system, in particular of the Municipalities of Southern Italy, depends not only on the economic cycle but also on the continuous and incessant changes in the financing mechanisms of local governments established by the central government. The analysis showed a lower financial resilience of the Municipalities of the Mezzogiorno （island and continental） compared to those of the Center-North. The determinants of this phenomenon were found, for one part, through the analysis of the financial data of the Italian Municipalities - as presented by the SVIMEZ in its annual reports on the economy of the Mezzogiomo - and, for another part, through the critical synthesis of significant economic events which occurred during the period examined.

Events and the Governance of the Territory:The Festival“La Notte della Taranta”in Apulia,Italy

Events are an important attraction for tourist destinations (Getz, 2008). Even in well-known destinations for their sea, events can attract different types of tourists and can help counteract seasonality (Ritchie & Beliveau, 1974). In Apulia (Italy), this happens thanks to the “La Notte della Taranta” Festival, which was born in 1998 and is currently the largest European music event dedicated to traditional music, able to attract over 230,000 viewers from around the world every summer in the Salento region. Analyzing the Festival “La Notte della Taranta” from an economic and legal point of view has been the main purpose of our research.

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government's debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China's slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China's provincial government data for the 2006–2012 period to examine the effect of the disclosure of financial information by local governments on their debt financing costs.The results show that financial information disclosure is conducive to public supervision and enhances government credibility,leading to a decrease in the cost of debt financing.Furthermore,increased government economic intervention increases the strength of the association between financial information disclosure and the cost of debt financing.Increased government audit prevention function weakens the strength of the association between financial information disclosure and the cost of debt financing.

Status analysis and control measures of the debt risk in Chinese local government:based on the study of the relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”

From the view of current condition and developing trend of the debt scale in Chinese local government,if it could not be controlled by an effective way,the debt crisis will explode in the near future.According to the regional distribution in our country,except for Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Hainan,the debt risk mainly concentrates in the western region.In a further step,it can be seen that this risk of debt is resulted by the imbalanced relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”which contains none-accordance of debt power(such as debt financing power),confusion of debt responsibility(such as debt management responsibility)and distortion of debt interests(such as the private benefit and the public interests).If we want to correct this problem,the keynote is to prevent the local government’s debt to be used by the purpose of reaching the private interests.Actually,it should play a role that the local debt financing takes to the“faithful”service for the social interests.For realizing this purpose,it should keep eyes on the relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”,which is the most important factor as for setting up the control system of debt risk about our local governments.Particularly,it includes the following aspects.First of all,it should find the right time to empower the local government with the debt power.Secondly,on the basis of both positive and negative sides,it should design a system to restrict the debt responsibility in the local government,in order to solve the problems such as new debt,invalid debt and overdue debt expansion.Thirdly,it should propose the guidance mechanism to realize the convergence from the private benefit to the social interests on the local debt.

The Governance of Local Government Debt from the Perspective of Fiscal and Financial Coordination:Evidence from Financial Markets

Theories based on fiscal guarantees cannot explain either the fact that the continuously decline in local fiscal resources has not significantly increased local government financing costs,or the fact that local government debt has been rising at a time of strict central government regulation.The theoretical and empirical analyses provided in this study show that it is the financial resources under local government control that provide the implicit guarantee for local government debt.Such financial resources lower local governments’financing costs but have the potential to lead to the contagion of financial risk through local government to the financial sector.Therefore,to look at the question solely in terms of either fiscal or financial sector guarantees will not be sufficient to resolve the problem of local government debt.The central government needs to coordinate fiscal and financial policies under a joint management framework in a way that rationally disperses and resolves the risks attached to local government debt and avoids the assumption of excessive risk by either sector.At the same time,close attention should be paid to local financial institutions’asset quality and their money market reputation to avoid the risk of contagion from local financial institutions to local public finance.

政府债务预算硬约束与地方财政可持续性提升

地方政府债务风险的不断积累已成为地方财政可持续性的最大阻碍。以新《预算法》实施后,地方政府债务管理的“开前门”和“关后门”两个阶段改革为准自然实验,分析了政府债务预算硬约束对地方财政可持续性的影响。研究发现:地方政府债务管理的两阶段改革都对地方财政可持续性具有显著的正向提升影响;从作用机制来看,“开前门”和“关后门”阶段改革分别通过财政收支巩固和债务规模控制来发挥对地方财政可持续性的有效作用;异质性分析来看,地方政府举债行为激励较弱和财政监管力度较高的地方,政府债务预算硬约束对地方财政可持续性的正向效应会更加显著。研究结果为推进债务预算硬约束来防范地方政府债务风险和提升地方财政可持续性提供了政策启示。

地方债务水平如何影响企业区位选择?——基于企业创新与政府信用双重视角分析

地方债务水平不仅关系地方政府财政健康,同时也影响企业投资决策。基于企业创新与政府信用双重视角,使用中国284个地级市2013—2022年面板数据,运用面板回归模型和中介效应模型识别了地方债务水平对企业区位选择的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:地方债务水平对企业区位选择具有显著负向影响,且这一影响具有一定的滞后性;企业创新和政府信用在该影响机制中均发挥了部分中介作用;对不同地区、不同财政自给率水平的城市以及不同类型债务结构来说,地方债务水平对企业区位选择具有显著的异质性影响。以上结果在进行调整解释变量、变更被解释变量的衡量标准、门槛效应检验等一系列检验后保持稳健。笔者据此提出转变城市发展思维,构建新型政府与企业关系等政策建议。

Ready or Not: Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte and Her Crisis Response Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Using Situational Crisis Communication Theory(SCCT)by Coombs(2007),this study analyses the case of Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte’s CoViD-19 Crisis and her crisis response strategy to address the situation.The study looks at the crisis communication of Quezon City on issues stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic.The SCCT provides a framework for the organization facing a different complex case of crisis to protect the reputational organization’s assets.The organization’s ability to select the most appropriate and beneficial response helps them deal with an emergency and crisis(Coombs,2007).Simultaneously,in this paper,SCCT was used to examine the stakeholder’s perceptions about the organization’s action and response by Mayor Belmonte on the crisis.This paper concludes Mayor Belmonte did not follow the recommendations of SCCT by combining Deny,such as Attacks the Accuser,Deny and Scapegoat tactics,and Diminish strategies such as Excuse and Justice tactics,to respond to the wide variety of stakeholder’s groups.Mayor Belmonte’s crisis response strategies and tactics do not align with the SCCT.The theory recommends corrective action and response such as Rebuild as well as Bolstering strategies are“considered as the most effective communication of crisis response strategy when an organization perceived a strong attribution of crisis responsibility and results in a severe reputational threat”(Coombs,2007).By reviewing the situation that Mayor Belmonte faced,this paper concludes that she was under severe threat.Mayor Belmonte’s CoViD-19 crisis is the preventable cluster based on the overall stakeholder’s perception of the crisis.The preventable cluster considered her primary,secondary,and additional stakeholders.It depicted an organizational misdeed with and without injuries,and the appropriate responses to adapt to re-establish the organization’s reputation is a Rebuild strategy because interventions such as Compensation and Apology should work to improve the organization’s reputation.Conversely,Mayor Belmonte chose to frequently employ Deny strategy(Attacks the Accuser and Scapegoat)and Diminish strategy(Excuse and Justice)to respond to various stakeholders.

数字金融对地方政府债务的影响研究——基于省级面板数据的实证检验

本文基于2015—2021年中国省级面板数据实证研究数字金融对地方政府债务的影响,发现两者呈现出显著为负的非线性关系,数字金融的发展对地方政府优化自身债务、降低系统性金融风险具有积极作用。采用系统聚类将31个省(区、市)分为发展中、次发达、发达地区三大组别,发现数字金融对地方政府债务的抑制作用在发展中地区表现得最为显著。市场化水平在数字金融抑制地方政府债务过程中具有正向调节作用,特别是当市场化水平跨越一定的门槛值以后,数字金融对地方政府债务的影响显著增强。在此基础上,提出了数字金融背景下分类施策缓解各级地方政府债务问题的相关建议。

地方政府隐性债务置换与国家经济安全发展

“开前门、堵后门”是中国地方政府债务治理的基本原则,通过债务置换实现债务显性化是该原则的具体表现之一。虽然地方政府债务置换缓解了地方政府的财政压力,减轻了财政负担,但并没有从根本上消除财政风险,其中的财政、金融风险及其政策不确定性也会影响国家经济安全的发展。对此,在梳理中国2015—2023年历次地方政府债务置换方案的基础上,文章研究地方政府隐性债务置换潜在的财政、金融风险及其对国家经济安全的影响。另外,从治理地方债务问题出发,提出防范债务置换风险、提高国家经济安全的改革建议。

分税制改革视域下的地方政府债务治理:理论辨析与路径展望

本文通过回顾分税制改革的历史沿革、制度特征和学术争鸣,试图厘清分税制改革对地方政府债务治理的影响机制和改革路径。本文认为,分税制改革有效发挥了中央和地方“两个积极性”,初步构建起同社会主义市场经济体制相适应的分权治理框架。从影响效果来看,分税制改革引领的“双重激励”将地方政府行政动员能力和市场增进能力有效结合起来,激励地方政府举债筹资建设了大量市政基础设施;但侧重“事上”而非“安下”的责任约束机制也导致地方政府债务风险不断衍生泛化、变相积聚。本文为推进高质量发展背景下的分税制改革和地方政府债务治理、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制提供了财权划分、事权配置、行政监察、市场约束等改革战略取向。

国家审计如何促进政府预算执行绩效的提升

以2007—2020年我国省级面板数据为样本,研究国家审计与政府预算执行绩效之间的关系及其作用机理。从实证角度验证了国家审计对政府预算执行绩效的提升作用,发现政府预算执行绩效具有空间自相关特性,同时国家审计对政府预算执行绩效的影响存在正向空间溢出效应;国家审计通过直接和间接两条路径促进了政府预算执行绩效的提高,政府效率和市场环境在间接路径中发挥了双重中介作用;2013年全国地方政府债务审计对政府预算执行绩效产生了明显的事件冲击效应;地方发展和审计强度差异均会对国家审计提升政府预算执行绩效产生明显的调节作用。

地方政府债务对城镇化的影响机制及中介效应

地方政府债务扩张是我国政府主导、投资驱动型传统城镇化模式的重要动能和必然表现。然而,当前地方债问题日益显现,地方城投平台高杠杆主导城镇化模式亟待转型。基于2002-2020年全国31个省份数据,运用个体固定效应与工具变量模型,实证分析地方政府债务对新型城镇化的影响机制及中介效应和调节效应后发现:地方债扩张对城镇化产生先促进再抑制的非线性影响,债务扩张初期有利于完善城市基础设施和促进就业,但后期资本效率下降和对私人投资的挤出凸显;地方债通过抬高房价-收入比、刺激固定资产投资进而促进城镇化;老龄化程度越高的地方政府越倾向通过债务扩张拉动城镇化;但是服务业就业会减缓地方债对城镇化的促进效果。因此,高城镇化水平区域要更加严控地方政府债务规模,约束地方城投公司行为,地方财政支出更多偏向养老支持、住房保障等普惠性公共服务,发挥第三产业就业对城镇化作用。

非对称信息视角下中国区域金融风险的影响机制

本文基于委托代理理论,构建非对称信息视角下中国区域金融风险影响机制的分析框架,并采用TVP-SV-VAR模型探究不同地区区域内金融风险影响机制的异质性。研究表明,非对称信息下金融系统委托代理行为致使商业银行存在信贷配给,资金倾斜助长了地方债扩张和房地产泡沫累积,一旦债务违约及泡沫破裂造成大量银行不良资产积聚,将引发区域金融风险。异质性研究发现,经济发达地区中房地产泡沫是区域金融风险形成的主导因素;经济次发达地区中地方政府过度举债是引致区域金融风险的主要冲击;而经济欠发达地区的区域金融风险是地方政府过度举债与房地产泡沫共同作用所致。国家金融监督管理总局应严控商业银行信贷资金流向,并对地方债扩张和房地产泡沫等区域金融风险影响因素实行“属性+对策”的差异化监管,构建风险治理的区域协作平台,提高区域金融风险的防范处置能力。

完善政府债务管理制度:问题与思路

政府适度举债具有促进经济增长、平抑经济周期波动的作用,但如果管理制度不完善,债务超出财政承受能力,则会制约经济可持续发展。完善政府债务管理制度是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的关键一环。历经近十年的地方政府性债务治理,我国取得了防范地方政府隐性债务风险的显著成效,但仍然没有将其根除。究其原因,是因为地方政府财权事权不完全匹配、地方经济发展思路尚未转变、显性债务管理体制不健全、缺少隐性债务化解的长效机制等财政根本性、体制性的矛盾没有得到真正化解。进一步全面深化改革应当针对政府债务管理制度的核心问题,通过对地方政府债务的全口径监测监管、加快地方融资平台的转型改革、健全地方政府专项债券管理体制等措施,建立防范化解隐性债务风险的长效机制,加强财政可持续性,进而推动经济高质量发展。

地方政府债务违约风险传导机制及最优债务置换

建立防范化解地方债务风险长效机制,建立同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理机制是新时代实现经济高质量发展的必然要求。近期,地方政府债务迎来集中置换期,但在置换中最优比率该如何确定?理论分析层面,本文构建了包含同业拆借市场的异质性商业银行的三期模型,分析地方政府债务违约风险向商业银行流动性风险转移的传导机制。地方政府债务违约减少了商业银行的流动性,推高短期资金利率,带来了银行的流动性风险和破产风险。债务置换政策能够缓解这种不利影响,然而,过高的债务置换率反而会增加商业银行的流动性风险和破产风险。因此,债务置换政策存在收益与风险的权衡,最优债务置换率应该等于地方政府债务违约率。本文进一步论证了债务置换率的合理区间和地方政府融资能力对债务置换的影响。实证检验层面,本文采用2015—2019年地方政府债务置换数据,运用双向固定效应模型检验了地方政府债务违约可能性对债务置换强度的影响和地方政府融资能力的调节效应,进一步佐证了理论分析,为当前地方政府债务置换工作提供参考和借鉴。