Ten years of financial stability in Brazilian economy have gone. In this period, the regional transportation of passengers suffered exogenous impacts： economical crises, airport crises and great proportions＇ acciden...Ten years of financial stability in Brazilian economy have gone. In this period, the regional transportation of passengers suffered exogenous impacts： economical crises, airport crises and great proportions＇ accidents, as well as impacts which were intern to the system： institutional changes （liberation of tariff promotions, many companies establishing themselves and also coming to bankruptcy）, creation of regulating institutions in the air transportation as well as the land transportation. Theoretically, it is expected that these changes have generated impacts in the demand for trips, since an environment regulated with more flexible prices and higher amounts of companies would generate a competitive environment in which the companies could struggle to attract their demand. On the other hand, the impacts which are exogenous to the system can generate responses in the sense of restoring the balance of demand. Thus, based on the theoretical experience, this article aims at analyzing empirically, through categorical variables, if there were impacts on the demand for regional trips in Brazil due to the internal or external changes. In order to perform this, monthly data from January, 1999 to December, 2009 are utilized and estimates are calculated making use of SUR （seemingly unrelated regressions）. As a result, we have the meaning of the internal and external impacts related to air and land transports, identifying that the worldwide economic crisis generated an impact at the level of the demand for transportation and also that the flexibility of tariffs allowed by ANTT （Ag^ncia Nacional de Transportes Terrestres） had an equal impact on the demand for land transportation.展开更多
Purpose–Revenue management(RM)is a significant technique to improve revenue with limited resources.With the macro environment of dramatically increasing transit capacity and rapid railway transport development in Chi...Purpose–Revenue management(RM)is a significant technique to improve revenue with limited resources.With the macro environment of dramatically increasing transit capacity and rapid railway transport development in China,it is necessary to involve the theory of RM into the operation and decision of railway passenger transport.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes the theory and framework of generalized RM of railway passenger transport(RMRPT),and the thoughts and methods of the main techniques in RMRPT,involving demand forecasting,line planning,inventory control,pricing strategies and information systems,are all studied and elaborated.The involved methods and techniques provide a sequential process to help with the decision-making for each stage of RMRPT.The corresponding techniques are integrated into the information system to support practical businesses in railway passenger transport.Findings–The combination of the whole techniques devotes to railway benefit improvement and transit resource utilization and has been applied into the practical operation and organization of railway passenger transport.Originality/value–The development of RMRPT would provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of service quality as well as railway benefits and efficiency.展开更多
The continuous increase of human mobility combined with a relevant use of private vehicles contributes to increase the ill effects of vehicle externalities on the environment, e.g. high levels of air pollution, toxic ...The continuous increase of human mobility combined with a relevant use of private vehicles contributes to increase the ill effects of vehicle externalities on the environment, e.g. high levels of air pollution, toxic emissions, noise pollution, and on the quality of life, e.g. parking problem, traffic congestion, and increase in the number of crashes and accidents. Transport demand management plays a very critical role in achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study demonstrates that car pooling (CP) is an effective strategy to reduce transport volumes, transportation costs and related hill externalities in agreement with EU programs of emissions reduction targets. This paper presents an original approach to solve the CP problem. It is based on hierarchical clustering models, which have been adopted by an original decision support system (DSS). The DSS helps mobility managers to generate the pools and to design feasible paths for shared vehicles. A significant case studies and obtained results by the application of the proposed models are illustrated. They demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and the supporting decisions tool.展开更多
文摘Ten years of financial stability in Brazilian economy have gone. In this period, the regional transportation of passengers suffered exogenous impacts： economical crises, airport crises and great proportions＇ accidents, as well as impacts which were intern to the system： institutional changes （liberation of tariff promotions, many companies establishing themselves and also coming to bankruptcy）, creation of regulating institutions in the air transportation as well as the land transportation. Theoretically, it is expected that these changes have generated impacts in the demand for trips, since an environment regulated with more flexible prices and higher amounts of companies would generate a competitive environment in which the companies could struggle to attract their demand. On the other hand, the impacts which are exogenous to the system can generate responses in the sense of restoring the balance of demand. Thus, based on the theoretical experience, this article aims at analyzing empirically, through categorical variables, if there were impacts on the demand for regional trips in Brazil due to the internal or external changes. In order to perform this, monthly data from January, 1999 to December, 2009 are utilized and estimates are calculated making use of SUR （seemingly unrelated regressions）. As a result, we have the meaning of the internal and external impacts related to air and land transports, identifying that the worldwide economic crisis generated an impact at the level of the demand for transportation and also that the flexibility of tariffs allowed by ANTT （Ag^ncia Nacional de Transportes Terrestres） had an equal impact on the demand for land transportation.
基金China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd(No.K2023X030)China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(No.2021YJ017).
文摘Purpose–Revenue management(RM)is a significant technique to improve revenue with limited resources.With the macro environment of dramatically increasing transit capacity and rapid railway transport development in China,it is necessary to involve the theory of RM into the operation and decision of railway passenger transport.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes the theory and framework of generalized RM of railway passenger transport(RMRPT),and the thoughts and methods of the main techniques in RMRPT,involving demand forecasting,line planning,inventory control,pricing strategies and information systems,are all studied and elaborated.The involved methods and techniques provide a sequential process to help with the decision-making for each stage of RMRPT.The corresponding techniques are integrated into the information system to support practical businesses in railway passenger transport.Findings–The combination of the whole techniques devotes to railway benefit improvement and transit resource utilization and has been applied into the practical operation and organization of railway passenger transport.Originality/value–The development of RMRPT would provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of service quality as well as railway benefits and efficiency.
文摘The continuous increase of human mobility combined with a relevant use of private vehicles contributes to increase the ill effects of vehicle externalities on the environment, e.g. high levels of air pollution, toxic emissions, noise pollution, and on the quality of life, e.g. parking problem, traffic congestion, and increase in the number of crashes and accidents. Transport demand management plays a very critical role in achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study demonstrates that car pooling (CP) is an effective strategy to reduce transport volumes, transportation costs and related hill externalities in agreement with EU programs of emissions reduction targets. This paper presents an original approach to solve the CP problem. It is based on hierarchical clustering models, which have been adopted by an original decision support system (DSS). The DSS helps mobility managers to generate the pools and to design feasible paths for shared vehicles. A significant case studies and obtained results by the application of the proposed models are illustrated. They demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and the supporting decisions tool.
