Sustainable Ecosystem Management via H∞-Control Theory of Stochastic Systems

In this paper, aiming to provide accurate protocols for management of sustainable ecosystems, a design methodology of H∞-controller for hunter-prey model under exposure to exogenous disturbance and stochastic noise is presented. Along the development, solution procedure of the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation via Successive Galerkin’s Approximation is described. Utilizing the proposed solution methodology of Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, H∞-controller of hunter-prey model was successfully designed. Robustness and performance against exogenous disturbance of the designed H∞-controller is validated and confirmed by numerical simulations including Monte-Carlo simulation by Simulink software on MATLAB.

Effects of climate,land use and land cover changes on soil loss in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China

Climate,land use and land cover(LULC)changes are among the primary driving forces of soil loss.Decoupling their effects can help in understanding the magnitude and trend of soil loss in response to human activities and ecosystem management.Here,the RUSLE model was applied to estimate the spatial-temporal variations of soil loss rate in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)area during 2001-2015,followed by a scenario design to decouple the effects of climate and LULC changes.The results showed that increasing rainfall generated as much as 2.90×10^(7)t soil loss in the TGR area.However,such effect was offset by changes in LULC particularly afforestation,which retained about 1.10×10^(7)t soil annually.Other human activities such as dam development and urbanization aggravated soil loss by as much as 1.40×10^(6)t annually.Because of land use policies that favor economic development,distinct spatial variances of soil loss were observed in TGR area.Soil loss in some counties located downstream of the TGR area(i.e.,close to the dam)was more influenced by dam development,but soil loss in the other counties was more influenced by urbanization.As climate change(i.e.,increasing rainfall)did not affect plant performance in TGR area,our findings suggested that ecological restoration was more beneficial to curb the amount of soil loss caused by urbanization and dam construction.

Perceptions of the Role Played by Aquaculture and the Services It Provides for Territories: Complementarity of Survey Types

This article discusses the perception of ecosystem services for French and Brazilian pond fish farming. Its aim is to study the extent to which the industry and its stakeholders are aware of the existence of such services in order to be able to prioritize them with respect to social well-being. This identification phase is seldom discussed. It requires that survey questionnaires be designed so as to improve understanding of these perceptions. The surveys undertaken combined both open questions where the interviewees expressed their perceptions spontaneously and closed questions where they were invited to rank a pre-established list of the relevant services. These surveys involved 133 fish farmers and 93 stakeholders. The results show that perceptions differ by question type, and confirm the significance of the questionnaire design and the importance of combining several kinds of approach.

Using Geospatial Information Systems in Analyzing Urbanization Impacts on Stream Habitats in Southern Mississippi Coastal Ecosystem

The proliferation of urban development with concentration in population and human-environment interaction has intensified around urban environments. This has resulted in the degradation of urban environments, overuse of natural resources and widespread pollution of ecosystems, The patterns of design initiatives continue to follow unsustainable path with impacts on stream ecosystems. Accordingly, the paper adopts geospatial information systems and sustainability principles for the identification and sequential mapping of stressors impeding natural systems in Southern Mississippi. The results not only reveal that the study area experienced some significant changes in its watershed environments, but the stream habitat ecosystem remains under stress. The recommendations for mitigating the problems range from policy considerations to the adoption of ecosystem approach.

Recent Developments in Monitoring of Complex Population Systems

The paper is an update of two earlier review papers concerning the application of the methodology of mathematical systems theory to population ecology, a research line initiated two decades ago. At the beginning the research was concentrated on basic qualitative properties of ecological models, such as observability and controllability. Observability is closely related to the monitoring problem of ecosystems, while controllability concerns both sustainable harvesting of population systems and equilibrium control of such systems, which is a major concern of conservation biology. For population system, observability means that, e.g. from partial observation of the system (observing only certain indicator species), in principle the whole state process can be recovered. Recently, for different ecosystems, the so-called observer systems (or state estimators) have been constructed that enable us to effectively estimate the whole state process from the observation. This technique offers an efficient methodology for monitoring of complex ecosystems (including spatially and stage-structured population systems). In this way, from the observation of a few indicator species the state of the whole complex system can be monitored, in particular certain abiotic effects such as environmental contamination can be identified. In this review, with simple and transparent examples, three topics illustrate the recent developments in monitoring methodology of ecological systems: stock estimation of a fish population with reserve area;and observer construction for two vertically structured population systems (verticum-type systems): a four-level ecological chain and a stage-structured fishery model with reserve area.

中国景观生态系统碳汇功能实现及制度设计

以中国数量和面积可观的各类公园绿地等景观生态系统为研究对象,基于国内外景观碳汇项目实施及其相关文献和数据分析,得出未来城市碳汇应以景观生态系统碳汇为主要发展方向,需加强景观碳汇项目的理论与实践研究。研究结果表明:目前景观碳汇功能实现存在顶层设计有待进一步完善、景观碳汇方法学研发不足、核算体系不健全及市场化跟进有限等制度困境。因此,应在基于自然的解决方案(NbS)统筹规划和科学设计景观生态系统基础上,健全景观碳汇方法学及其核算标准,进而将其融入履约、自愿和普惠碳市场,并完善与之相应的生态补偿、碳汇认购等制度举措,是其碳汇功能实现的可行路径。

生态系统下高校艺术设计专业艺科融合教学评价困境及重构

艺科融合下众多高校艺术设计专业教学评价存在“冷融合”“旧评价”的问题,甚至出现艺科假融合之态。教育生态体系探究国家政策、高校教学中课程支持体系、学生组织支持体系、实践支持体系以及企业支持体系等组织之间的“共生”关系,而教学评价在整个教育生态系统中凸显重要作用。合理组合多元异构模式、采取课程动态性评价、推动双向三维评价向异质评价转化。重构措施,优化教学评价模式推动教育教学发展,促使教育生态体系合理运转。

“高效办成一件事”的系统内涵、实施逻辑与能力体系

“高效办成一件事”是对“一件事一次办”“一网通办”“跨省通办”等综合政务类政策的集成与升级,其实质是加快实现从“事能办”到“事好办”的转变,其关键在于区县层级政务部门的有效落实。为此,本文立足基层典型的经验反思,着眼“高效办成一件事”的实践推进,从学理层面初步提出其系统内涵、实施逻辑与能力体系。系统内涵:结合物理-事理-人理系统方法论思想,认为“高效办成一件事”相应指向“事项”“办理”“体验”三个维度,且贯序统一于“事好办”。实施逻辑:包括事项维度的生命周期与颗粒度逻辑,办理维度的时间与空间逻辑,以及体验维度的服务设计逻辑。能力体系:涵盖环境认知、理念调适与组织变革,服务支撑、服务运行与服务创新,多方合作与知识提升共三个层次的八项能力,同时其与所处的服务生态共生互促。最后,归纳得到“三维度、五逻辑、八能力”的政务服务框架模型,以期对“高效办成一件事”的实践有所助益。

城市荒野的生态与文化价值研究进展

【目的】在当前中国生态文明建设的背景下,城市荒野的生态价值和文化价值日益凸显。理解城市荒野的综合价值可以为城市规划和管理提供重要参考,进而引导城市荒野的保护和恢复工作,促进社区参与和公众教育,提升居民的生活质量和福祉。【方法】在解析城市荒野概念内涵的基础上,聚焦其生态价值与文化价值,对30年来国内外研究进展进行梳理,总结共识,探讨未来可深入推进的方向。【结果】发现学界对城市荒野的理解可归纳为3种倾向:注重特定地点生态特性的城市荒野地、强调居民野性感知的野性体验点、结合生态与体验的城市荒野景观及城市野境。从生态视角来看,不同类型的城市荒野对应着保持或恢复自然主导作用的不同历程,其高度的自我调节能力形成的野性自然为城市提供了多种生态系统服务;从文化视角来看,居民的自然形象、景观偏好和景观体验与城市荒野的意象、评价、求趣与寄情相关联。【结论】基于对城市荒野生态价值与文化价值的辨析,总结出3个方面的联系以供后续研究探讨:1)城市荒野的动态演变是促进荒野感知的关键特征;2)城市荒野以自然过程为主导的特征对文化感知具有双重作用;3)生态与文化视角的融合共同影响着城市荒野生态系统的稳定性和发展前景。可为风景园林领域的从业者和研究者提出建议。

乡村振兴背景下农村电商生态设计路径

乡村振兴战略是一项重要战略,旨在促进农村经济的发展和提高农民生活水平。农村电商作为支持乡村振兴的关键因素之一,其生态系统的设计至关重要。该文首先分析乡村振兴战略的背景和意义,然后深入探讨农村电商的发展现状,接着提出农村电商生态设计的关键要素和原则,最后提出一种可行的农村电商生态设计路径,以促进乡村振兴战略的成功实施。

生态系统视域下高校科技成果转化设计策略研究

通过将高校科技成果的相关概念根植于生态系统的架构中,并进行融合整理,把高校科技成果转化的过程以及要素置于生态系统的高维层面,从系统整合的角度提高转化率。运用文献调查法、归纳法、列举法,在归纳前人学者的基础上,总结出在生态系统的建构下高校科技成果转化的设计优化策略。在系统的视域下,通过5个方面对高校科技成果转化过程进行优化,从科技成果的源头研发到成果市场落地之间的众多产业链诸多环节进行设计优化改造,提高科技成果的转化率。通过在生态系统视域下的设计策略研究,提高信息在高校科技成果转化系统中的转化速率,将平台上的资源在系统上进行共享,提高转化率。

Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice

Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all.However,there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice.Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis,this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design,and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice.By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership(BDP),a multinational design company,this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice:design for inclusion,design for resilience,and design for future ecosystems.The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’efforts to mediate between various stakeholders.Finally,this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1)bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design,2)achieving the visions promoted by scholars,3)identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems,and 4)fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.

农业生态系统优化:基于多模型耦合的土地利用多样性与生态服务价值最大化策略

为深入探讨土地利用多样性对生态系统服务的影响,并提出一种创新的耦合模型优化策略。通过这种策略,可以最大化土地利用多样性与生态系统服务价值,从而促进农业生产、生态环境保护与人类福祉之间的和谐发展。为了实现这一目标,构建了一个综合模型,涵盖了作物生长、土地利用变动、生态系统服务评价、多目标优化4个关键模块。这个模型全面模拟并解决作物系统设计问题,考虑了农业生产、生态环境和人类福祉等多个目标和约束。通过实证分析,比较了不同土地利用配置方案的效果,以寻求最优或接近最优的选择。结果发现:优化作物情景在提升生态系统服务价值和人类福祉指数方面表现最佳。该情景不仅确保了农业生产的高效率,还在生态系统服务供给和人类福祉方面取得了显著成效。这一发现证明了多样化的土地利用配置能够带来更多的生态和社会经济效益。本研究的创新之处在于,首次将作物系统设计问题定义为多目标优化问题,并通过耦合模型进行实证分析。这一方法论为农业生态系统管理提供了新的视角和工具,有助于实现可持续发展目标。本研究结果强调了土地利用多样性在提升生态系统服务价值和人类福祉方面的重要性,为未来的土地管理政策和实践提供了科学依据。

构建智慧交通数据整合“社会-技术”生态系统——顶层设计架构

智慧交通系统逐渐引起了城市地理学者的重视,被定义为超高效能和数据驱动的城市交通和移动系统。然而,多元化的交通数据资源分散在各个数据仓库里,使得各个交通子系统之间功能和技术上相互独立,缺乏不同系统之间的互操作性,很难实现跨系统的信息共享,造成信息资源共享的困难。文章基于交通数据资源具有时空和地理属性,通过分析智慧交通“社会-技术”生态系统现状,建立了一个智慧交通数据整合顶层系统设计架构并进行了总体设计。以期望为政策制定者和决策者提供实践层面和政治层面的现实意义。

基于生态系统理论的孤独症儿童包容性感统教室设计研究

在教育环境未充分满足孤独症群体需求的背景下,基于儿童学习和社交活动中面临的挑战,以人类生态系统理论为基础,通过定性研究和设计实验方法,打造孤独症儿童感官整合与支持性学习环境,探索了包容性感统教室设计策略。开发出感统教室设计构成要素,包括多功能感觉调节区、灵活适应的家具配置以及自然元素和技术的融合应用。结果显示该设计策略显著提升了孤独症儿童在感统教室的舒适度和互动性,为室内包容性设计与创新提供参考。

水生态环境友好视角下城市河道景观修复设计研究与实践

全球环境日益恶化的严峻势态下,从水生态的概念入手,辨析环境友好的内涵和外延,梳理构建和修复城市河道景观水生态系统的途径,总结从城市环境规划层面、城市人居友好形态层面以及设计美学层面的景观修复设计模式。此外,再以湖南省衡阳市湘江流域幸福河水生态系统治理方案为例,说明具体理论与实践设计分析的整体框架,探索环境友好型的生态修复景观设计时空延续模式应用方法,并对未来研究城市环境健康发展作出展望。

The 'lifecycle' of human beinqs: a call to explore vector-borne diseases from an ecosystem perspective

Background:Dengue virus,an Aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus,is associated with close to 400 million reported infections per annum worldwide.Reduction of dengue virus transmission depends entirely on limiting Aedes breeding or preventing adult female contact with humans.Currently,the World Health Organization promotes the strategic approach of integrated vector management in order to optimise resources for mosquito control.Main text:Neglected tropical disease researchers focus on geographical zones where the incidence of clinical cases,and prevalence of vectors,are high.In combatting those infectious diseases such as dengue that affect mainly low-income populations in developing regions,a mosquito-centric approach is frequently adopted.This prioritises environmental factors that facilitate or impede the lifecycle progression of the vector.Climatic variables(such as rainfall and wind speed)that impact the vector's lifecycle either causally or by happenstance also affect the human host's lifecycle',but in very different ways.The socioeconomic impacts of the same variables that influence vector control impact host vulnerability but at different points in the human lifecycle to those of the vector.Here,we argue that the vulnerability of the vector and that of the host interact in complex and unpredictable ways that are characteristic of(complex and intransigent)'wicked problems'.Moreover,they are treated by public health programs in ways that may ignore this complexity.This opinion draws on recent evidence showing that the best climate predictors of the scale of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh cannot be explained through a simple vector-tohost causal model.Conclusions:In mapping causal pathways for vector-borne diseases this article makes a case to elevate the lifecycle of the human host to a level closer in equivalence to that of the veaor.Here,we suggest value may be gained from transferring Rittel and Webber's concept of a wicked(social)problem to dengue,malaria and other mosquito-transmitted public health concerns.This would take a'problem definition,rather than a,solution-finding,approach,particularly when considering problems in which climate impacts simultaneously on human and vector vulnerability.

数智赋能高校智慧教学生态系统的构建与应用研究——以“组织设计与工作分析”课程为例

发展智慧教育、推动教育数字化转型是推动中国式现代化的重要内容。数智赋能的高校智慧教学生态系统模型由主体、介体、环体和载体四部分构成,通过协同共进机制、动态平衡机制和融通共享机制实现高效运行,能最大限度地发挥数智赋能和人机协同的优势,塑造良性循环和动态平衡的教学新样态,实现教与学的智慧化和生态化。通过分析数智时代“组织设计与工作分析”课程教学面临的多维困境,探索如何将智慧教学生态系统应用于课程教学改革,以课程小切口撬动教育大变革,进而促进教育高质量发展,实现教育治理新变革。

基于区域生态系统高质量发展的生态环境规划设计探析

生态环境规划设计直接影响着区域生态系统的安全,所以新时期各地区应在高质量发展背景下,持续提升生态环境规划设计水平,从而为区域生态系统质量的稳步提升赋能。文章以此为出发点,概述了区域生态系统高质量发展的基本内涵及发展现状,结合某省区域生态系统,剖析了实践中出现的新需求,并在此基础上分别从统筹规划、技术赋能、产业支撑三个层面,提出了几点有利于促进其实践的对策建议。

受损河岸生态系统修复研究进展

基于传统水利工程设计理念修建的河流护岸工程只考虑工程的耐久性及施工的方便性而使用混凝土或钢筋混凝土材料,忽略了河流的生态功能,从而破坏了河流的各种生态过程,导致河流污染严重,生态作用越来越小.分析了国内外关于受损河岸生态系统修复的研究现状及存在的问题,并提出了我国开展受损河岸生态系统修复研究需要解决的问题、应采取的研究方法.