Prediction of Thermophoretic Deposition Efficiency of Particles in a Laminar Gas Flow along a Concentric Annulus： A Comparison of Developing and Fully Developed Flows

Thermophoresis is an important mechanism of micro-particle transport due to temperature gradients in the surrounding medium.It has numerous applications,especially in the field of aerosol technology.This study has numerically investigated the thermophoretic deposition efficiency of particles in a laminar gas flow in a concentric annulus using the critical trajectory method.The governing equations are the momentum and energy equations for the gas and the particle equations of motion.The effects of the annulus size,particle diameter,the ratio of inner to outer radius of tube and wall temperature on the deposition efficiency were studied for both developing and fully-developed flows.Simulation results suggest that thermophoretic deposition increases by increasing thermal gradient,deposition distance,and the ratio of inner to outer radius,but decreases with increasing particle size.It has been found that by taking into account the effect of developing flow at the entrance region,higher deposition efficiency was obtained,than fully developed flow.

Investigation of the influences of asphaltene deposition on oilfield development using reservoir simulation

This paper investigates the deposition of asphaltenes in the porous medium of the studied field in Russia and predicts production profiles based on uncertainty evaluation. This problem can be solved by dynamic modeling, during which production profiles are estimated in two scenarios: with and without the activation of the asphaltene option. Calculations are carried out for two development scenarios: field operation under natural depletion and water injection into the aquifer as a reservoir pressure maintenance system. A full-scale compositional reservoir simulation model of the Russian oilfield was created. Within a dynamic simulation, the asphaltene option was activated and the asphaltene behavior in oil and porous medium was tuned according to our own special laboratory experiments. The model was also matched to production historical data, and a pattern model was prepared using the full-scale simulation model. Technological and the asphaltene option parameters were used in sensitivity and an uncertainty evaluation. Furthermore, probable production profiles within a forecast period were estimated. The sensitivity analysis of the pattern model to input parameters of the asphaltene option allowed determining the following heavy-hitters on the objective function: the molar weight of dissolved asphaltenes as a function of pressure, the asphaltene dissociation rate, the asphaltene adsorption coefficient and the critical velocity of oil movement in the reservoir. Under the natural depletion scenario, our simulations show a significant decrease in reservoir pressure and the formation of drawdown cones leading to asphaltene deposition in the bottom-hole area of production wells, decreasing their productivity. Water injection generally allows us to significantly reduce the volume of asphaltene phase transitions and has a positive effect on cumulative oil production. Injecting water into aquifer can keep the formation pressure long above the pressure for asphaltene precipitation, preventing the asphaltene deposition resulted from interaction of oil and water, so this way has higher oil production.

The Chemistry of Serpentine Soils Developed Over A Podiform Chromite Deposit,Western Sierra Nevada,USA

The Chinese Camp mining district in the western Sierra Nevada of California,USA,contains a serpentinized,ultramafic dunite intrusion with podiform chromite deposits.Serpentine soils have developed over this intrusion,creating a unique ecosystem of endemic vegetation and soils characterized by low Ca/Mg ratios and high Ni and Cr contents.The vegetation and red coloration make it easy to visually distinguish between soils developed over intruded,serpentinized bedrock and unmineralized,adjacent andesite bedrock(Fig.1).The purpose of our study was to compare soil chemistry and vegetative parameters among 3 study-design levels:1)undisturbed serpentine soil,2)undisturbed background soil(non-serpentine,developed over andesite),and 3)serpentine soil disturbed by mining activities.Within each of these l e v*e ls,3 random locations were chosen where weestablished 3,30-m transects(spaced 120-degrees apart).One soil sample was collected at a random location along each transect(0-15 cm depth after removing litter/O horizon).This scheme resulted in the collection of 9replicate soil samples per study-design level.Samples were analyzed for total metal content by ICP-AES/MS(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy),p H,electrical conductivity,and total C/N/S.The vegetative parameter of%canopy cover was measured with a line-point intercept survey along each transect,using 0.6m intervals.Above-ground net primary productivity(ANPP)was estimated by harvesting all aboveground living plant material within a 0.5 m quadrant at 3 random locations along each transect,drying,and weighting the material.Significant differences among design levels were observed for ANPP,canopy cover,total P,total N,and Ca/Mg,where the median values for these parameters decreased in the order undisturbed background>undisturbed serpentine>mining-disturbed serpentine.The highest concentrations of Cr and Ni were found in undisturbed serpentine(medians of 1960 ppm and 2529ppm,respectively)followed by mining-disturbed serpentine(medians of 420 and 2120,respectively)then undisturbed non-serpentine(medians 47.0 and 32.2 ppm,respectively).Soil p H varied significantly among the design levels with a median 5.74 in undisturbed background,median 6.25 in undisturbed serpentine,and median of 7.17 in mining-disturbed serpentine.These data document the distinct differences in soil chemistry and vegetation parameters between undisturbed serpentine soil and adjacent,undisturbed background soil.Efforts toward mining reclamation must recognize these differences and include the correct baseline conditions in the reclamation plan.

The Study on Protection and Construction Mode of Urban Ecologically Sensitive Areas

The paper had analyzed the necessity and feasibility for the protection and utilization of urban ecologically sensitive areas, proposed planning urban ecologically sensitive areas reasonably and combining ecological protection with development construction. Guiding the healthy and ordered development of urban spaces was the key part and important approach to realize ecological cities. The guiding thought for development construction of ecological cities had been discussed, which was conducting laddered development according to the location and coverage of urban ecologically sensitive areas and protection grades of these sensitive areas. Then, it had proposed four kinds of protection and construction modes, which were tourism leisure green lands, relevant expositions, industrial areas and new city groups, and which had been analyzed by combining with successful cases, so as to provide feasible win-win development strategies of ecology and economy for the planning of urban ecologically sensitive areas in the future.

Genesis of reservoir heterogeneity and its impacts on petroleum exploitation in beach-bar sandstone reservoirs:A case study from the Bohai Bay Basin,China

Reservoir characteristics of beach-bar sandstone reservoirs in the 2nd member of the Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag are studied by means of well logging interpretation,thin section observation and physical property analysis.Further,the influence of deposition,diagenesis and internal architecture interface on reservoir quality are quantitatively analyzed.On this basis,the geneses of reservoir heterogeneity of beach-bar sandstone reservoirs are summarized.The following results are obtained.(1)Primary pores,secondary pores and micro-fractures are the main types of reservoir space in the study area,and the primary intergranular pore is the main pore type;the microscopic heterogeneity of reservoirs is strong,and the physical properties of beach-bar reservoirs in different regions vary widely.(2)Tectonicdeposition,diagenesis and reservoir internal architecture work in unison to cause the heterogeneity of beach-bar reservoir quality in the 2^(nd) member of the Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag;the locations and scales of beach-bar sand bodies are obviously different in different fault blocks in the study area,determining the macroscopic distribution of beach-bar reservoirs;differential diagenesis intensifies the degree of reservoir heterogeneity;the fine-grained argillaceous deposits between different architecture units of beach-bar reservoirs are critical to the quality of reservoirs.(3)The differential distribution of beach-bar reservoir quality parameters in the study area affects the spatial heterogeneity of reservoirs,which not only controls the original oil/gas distribution,but also has a significant influence on the effect of waterflooding and leads to the local enrichment of remaining oil.

A DEVELOPING TOOL FOR THE EXPERT SYSTEM IN TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND EXPERT SYSTEM FOR COCOON COOKING

This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain ex-pert can directly establish a knowledge base so as to form a practical expert system,and thus enhanca correctness ofknowledge experssion and the developing efficiency of the expert system.It also discusses in detail the mech-anism of reasoning,interpreting and knowledge obtaining.The knowledge base consists of three parts:classifyingrules,essential data,and regulating rules.It can be formed by means of the expert dialouge and edition.In its ap-plication,the knowledge base can constantly accumulate successful experience to achieve itsself-study function.The paper shows the way to describe the knowledge in a particular domain and the process of applying this tool ina particular domain. The tool is written in Turb-Prolog language,And an expert system for cocoon cooking isprovided.

Towards Improving the Quality of Requirement and Testing Process in Agile Software Development:An Empirical Study

Software testing is a critical phase due to misconceptions about ambiguities in the requirements during specification,which affect the testing process.Therefore,it is difficult to identify all faults in software.As requirement changes continuously,it increases the irrelevancy and redundancy during testing.Due to these challenges;fault detection capability decreases and there arises a need to improve the testing process,which is based on changes in requirements specification.In this research,we have developed a model to resolve testing challenges through requirement prioritization and prediction in an agile-based environment.The research objective is to identify the most relevant and meaningful requirements through semantic analysis for correct change analysis.Then compute the similarity of requirements through case-based reasoning,which predicted the requirements for reuse and restricted to error-based requirements.Afterward,the apriori algorithm mapped out requirement frequency to select relevant test cases based on frequently reused or not reused test cases to increase the fault detection rate.Furthermore,the proposed model was evaluated by conducting experiments.The results showed that requirement redundancy and irrelevancy improved due to semantic analysis,which correctly predicted the requirements,increasing the fault detection rate and resulting in high user satisfaction.The predicted requirements are mapped into test cases,increasing the fault detection rate after changes to achieve higher user satisfaction.Therefore,the model improves the redundancy and irrelevancy of requirements by more than 90%compared to other clustering methods and the analytical hierarchical process,achieving an 80%fault detection rate at an earlier stage.Hence,it provides guidelines for practitioners and researchers in the modern era.In the future,we will provide the working prototype of this model for proof of concept.

西部大开发与制造业信息化The West Ch

推动制造业发展是实施西部大开发战略的关键举措之一。分析制造业信息化对西部地区发展的战略意义 ,以及信息化对西部制造业发展的作用机理 ,提出西部制造业信息化的主要实施对策。

Classification and Denominationof Flow Units for Clastic Reservoirsof Continental Deposit

On the basis of other researchers' achievements and the authors' understanding of flow units, a proposal on classification and denomination of flow units for clastic reservoirs of continental deposit is put forward according to the practical need of oilfield development and relevant theories. The specific implications of development and geology are given to each type of flow units, which has provided a scientific basis for oil development.

Forest Response to the US 1990 Clean Air Act: The Southern Spruce-Fir Ecosystem

The history of the Black Mountains in North Carolina and the southern Spruce-Fir ecosystem has been fraught with widespread forest decline since the mid 1960’s. Balsam Woolly Adelgid attacks and acidic deposition were two of the most recognized causes of decline. Uncertainty arose about the future of these forests, and projections were made regarding the endangerment or extinction of the endemic Fraser fir ([Pursh] Poiret). This study analyzed data sets from a permanent plot network in the Black Mountains dating 1985, 2002, and 2012. Indications that the Fraser fir population is stabilizing from a “boom-bust” cycle of population growth and has entered the stem exclusion stage of forest stand development are evident. Fir live stem density increased more than 250% from 1985 to 2002, and then declined 40% by 2012 at the highest elevations in the forest. Overall, fir appeared to be more impacted on western facing slopes than eastern ones. The population of red spruce experienced a steady decrease in live stem counts, but an increase in live basal area through all years, and at all elevation classes (1675 m, 1830 m, and 1980 m), indicating a normal progression through stand development. Red spruce was also most negatively impacted on western facing slopes. Live stem density was significantly higher (P 0.001) than eastern plots, but live basal area was similar between the two aspects. Atmospheric deposition concentrations of the four main acidic molecules at Mt. Mitchell all peaked in 1998, but decreased by 2012. These reductions, occurring shortly after tightened regulations in the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act may have potential implications for increased forest resilience.

Welcome to Jiangsu for Cooperative Exploration and Development of Petroleum Resource

Since 1985,68 foreign enterprises from 17 countries and areas have investigated Jiangsu area and discussed the business with us.According to the prediction by domestic geologists,the marine strata of Mesozoic-Paleozoic in south Jiangsu could contain 1.393 billion cubic meters of oil and 763.4 billion cubic meters of gas,meanwhile the volume of oil resources in continental strata of upper Cretaceous-Lower Triassic in North Jia.ngsu is estimated to be 3.34-7.55 hundred million cubic meters.For this reason many foreign oil companies are greatly interested in the prospect of cooperative exploration and development of petro.leum resources in Jiangsu Province.

湖北宜昌磷矿伴生稀土元素分布规律、赋存状态及其开发利用前景分析

【研究目的】湖北省宜昌磷矿中伴生有稀土元素,研究其分布规律及赋存状态,对稀土元素的回收利用具有重要意义,其作为伴生矿产的综合利用将成为未来稀土矿的重要来源。【研究方法】本文以含稀土磷块岩为主要研究对象,在系统取样的基础上,开展岩矿鉴定、全岩地球化学分析、XRD衍射分析、SEM观察、LA-ICP-MS测试等工作。【研究结果】磷块岩中稀土元素总量ΣREE+Y为63.5×10^(-6)~271.8×10^(-6),不同层位或不同岩性的磷块岩中稀土元素含量有所差异。【结论】稀土元素含量受岩性控制明显,由白云岩→白云质磷块岩→致密块状磷矿石→泥质条带磷块岩→泥岩,含量逐渐升高。微量元素反映出宜昌磷矿的古气候以干热为主,西北部略表现出温暖湿润特点;Ce异常、V/Ni和Y/Ho比值反映海水中EH条件从底部到顶部,即从Ph22成磷期到Ph13成磷期,形成水体环境逐渐氧化。宜昌磷矿中稀土元素总量整体较低,且泥岩较磷块岩中含量高,表明吸附态稀土较类质同象稀土含量高。宜昌伴生稀土磷矿资源丰富,利用合理的技术对稀土元素进行综合回收,对宜昌磷矿资源的合理利用和经济发展有重要意义。

Development characteristics of interlayer oxidation zone type of sandstone uranium deposits in the southwestern Turfan-Hami basin

The Turfan-Hami basin is the key area for the exploration of sandstone uranium deposits of the leachable interlayered oxidation zone type. The aim of this study is to shed light on the development characteristics of this type of uranium deposits and provide new clues to further exploration. Detailed study led to the following conclusions: (1) uranium orebodies are hosted mainly in the lower Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and the lower Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation; (2) the formation of uranium orebodies is closely related to organic matter; (3) the front of the interlayered oxidation zone is snake-shaped in plane and imbricated in the section; the more the interlayered oxidation zone and zonation are developed, the better the uranium mineralization will be; according to lithological and geochemical characteristics, the oxidation zone, the oxidation-reduction transitional zone and the reduction zone can be distin-guished; (4) the development of interlayered oxidation zone is controlled by geological structure, underground water, sandstone permeability and other factors; (5) sandstone uranium orebodies hosted in the interlayered oxidation zone are very complicated in spatial distribution, of which some are rolled and plated in shape and some are highly variable in shape.

全球锂铍铌钽矿产资源勘探开发新进展

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。锂铍铌钽,既是重要紧缺性稀有金属,也是新兴战略性产业的关键矿产,在成矿规律和勘探开发领域既有共性也有个性并有新的发展。本文力求尽量全面和准确地衡量和评价锂铍铌钽全球资源量和储量数据,及时反映勘探开发新形势和技术新进展。花岗伟晶岩多旋回成矿理论获得重要勘探突破,南美盐湖锂矿技术产量双释放临近,粘土岩和地热卤水提锂增储潜力巨大,碱性-过碱性火山成因-伟晶岩侵入型铌钽成矿在美洲和青藏地区研究深入,中国锂铍矿勘探获重大系列突破,鄂西北铌钽稀土等资源基地建设或可借鉴北美Nechalacho铌钽稀土矿床的勘探和开发经验。本文基于锂铍铌钽矿床和典型案例剖析,提出多期热事件多旋回岩浆分异出熔可能是大型-特大型矿床的关键条件。

基于概率逻辑推理的高阶互补云API推荐方法

云时代,云API作为服务交付、数据交换和能力复制的最佳载体,已成长为当今面向服务软件开发和企业数字化转型不可或缺的核心要素.然而动态开放网络中持续增长的云API在给开发者提供了更多选择的同时,也将其淹没在海量的云API选择之中,设计有效的云API推荐方法就此成为API经济健康发展中迫切要解决的现实问题.但是,现有研究主要利用搜索关键词、服务质量和调用偏好进行建模,生成质量高功能单一的云API推荐列表,没有考虑服务化软件实际开发中开发者对多元化高阶互补云API的客观需要.高阶互补云API推荐旨在为多个查询云API生成多元互补云API列表,要求推荐结果与查询云API均互补,以满足开发者的联合需求.针对此问题,本文提出基于概率逻辑推理的高阶互补云API推荐方法(Probabilistic Logic Reasoning for High-order Complementary Cloud API Recom⁃mendation,PLR4HCCR).首先,通过云API生态真实数据分析论证云API互补推荐需求的必要性和互补关系建模中替补噪声的客观存在,为云API互补推荐问题研究提供动机和数据支持.其次,采用Beta概率嵌入对云API及其之间的关系约束进行编码,以刻画云API间互补关系的不确定性和支持互补逻辑推理.接着,设计由投影、取反和交并三个基本逻辑算子构建的互补关系逻辑推理网络,使查询集中的每个云API获得非对称互补关系感知和替补噪声消解约束下的互补云API表示.然后,引入注意力机制为查询云API的互补云API分配不同权重,增强高阶互补云API基向量的表征能力.在此基础上,采用KL散度度量高阶互补云API基向量与候选云API之间的距离,并根据KL散度排序生成高阶互补性可感知下的云API推荐结果.最后,我们利用两个真实云API数据集在不同阶互补推荐场景下进行实验,实验表明,与传统启发式推荐方法和深度学习推荐方法相比,PLR4HCCR在互补关系感知推理和替补噪声消解方面均具有较大的优势,继而使其在低阶、高阶和混合阶互补云API推荐中均展示出更优的推荐效果和更强的泛化能力.进一步,超参数敏感性实验、实例分析和用户调查验证了方法的有效性、实用性和可行性,这使结合高阶互补关系的云API推荐方法PLR4HCCR不仅更有可能生成开发者满意的结果,而且可有效提升云API服务提供者的收益.

延长油田H区块剩余油分布规律及开发技术研究

为了更好的明确延长油田H区域剩余油的分布特征、开发潜力,以及有效的开发策略,运用油藏工程、动态监测、数值模拟相结合的方法,认识剩余油分布规律及主控因素,进一步揭示剩余油分布特征,为下一步注水开发提供理论基础。依据油藏工程及数值模拟精细描述成果,提出了能够提高采收率的合理注采比及地层压力保持水平,优选出中高含水阶段密井网下合理的开发技术,为研究区高效注水开发提供可靠的技术支撑。

普光地区千佛崖组致密砂岩-页岩气藏开发技术对策

普光地区侏罗系千佛崖组致密砂岩-页岩气藏为纵向叠合气藏,储层非均质性强,纵横向上储层特征和储集性能差异大,气藏开发潜力不明确,尚未形成开发井型、井网、井距等配套开发技术对策;且砂岩气藏与页岩气藏压力系统、气体运动方式不同,利用常规水平井压裂方式合层开采必定导致层间干扰和多余能耗,亟需采用最优开发方式。为此,文中参考鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩气藏水平井井位优选标准和四川盆地页岩气开发井型,根据储层展布特征,结合水平井与直井产能对比分析,优选水平井作为致密砂岩-页岩气藏的开发井型;采用类比法、经济评价法、单井产能法等,确定水平井水平段长度和合理井距;根据气藏特征,并借鉴同类气藏开发经验评价单井生产指标;在此基础上开展井位部署,评价气藏开发潜力。结果表明,采用2套井网分别开发千佛崖组致密砂岩气藏和页岩气藏,可建成年产能6.5×108 m3,这为普光地区千佛崖组致密砂岩-页岩气藏合理开发提供了有力支撑。

新疆西昆仑—喀喇昆仑地区锂多金属成矿带地质特征及资源潜力

通过对新疆西昆仑—喀喇昆仑地区的地质背景、矿床类型及资源现状进行综合分析,揭示了其作为我国重要战略资源基地的潜力。该地区地质构造复杂,受特提斯构造域北缘的影响,历经多期构造活动,形成了丰富的锂多金属矿产资源。矿床类型主要为花岗伟晶岩型。目前,该区域的锂资源开发正处于起步阶段,大多数矿区仍未被充分开发。鉴于全球对清洁能源和新能源汽车的需求持续增长,该地区的锂多金属资源有望成为未来重要的供应基地。

走和平发展道路的中国式现代化:逻辑缘由与实现路径

在中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局的现实背景下,在马克思主义和平观和中国传统和平思想的指导下,以对和平发展的坚定追求和胸怀天下的情怀表达为价值支撑,中国共产党提出“中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化”的重要论断。新时代新征程上,走和平发展道路的中国式现代化的实现,需要统筹推进发展和安全,推动构建人类命运共同体,积极参与全球治理体系改革,加快构建中国式现代化话语体系,全面加强军队和国防现代化建设。

The rudist buildup depositional model,reservoir architecture and development strategy of the cretaceous Sarvak formation of Southwest Iran

This paper studies the lithofacies,sedimentary facies,depositional models and reservoir architecture of the rudist-bearing Sar-3 zone of Cretaceous Sarvak in the Southwest of Iran by utilizing coring,thin section,XRD data of five coring wells and 3D seismic data.Research results include the following:According to lithofacies features and their association,the rudist-mound and tidal flat are the main microfacies in the Sar-3 depositional time.By investigating the regional tectonic setting and seismic interpretation,a depositional model was built for the Sar-3 zone,which highlights four key points:1)The distribution of the rudist-buildup is controlled by the paleo-high.2)The build-up outside of the wide colonize stage but reached the wave-base level in a short time by regression and formation uplift,and was destroyed by the high energy current,then forming the moundy allochthonous deposition after being dispersed and redeposited.3)The tidal flat develops widely in the upper Sar-3,and the deposition thickness depends on the paleo-structure.The tidal channel develops in the valley and fringe of the Paleo-structure.4)The exposure within the leaching effect by the meteoric water of the top of Sar-3 is the main controlling factor of the reservoir vertical architecture.The Sar-3 zone featured as the dualistic architecture consists of two regions:the lower is the rudist reef limestone reservoir and the upper is the tidal condense limestone interlayer.The thickness of each is controlled by the paleo-structure.The Paleo-high zone is the preferential development zone.Based on reservoir characteristics of the different zones,a targeted development strategy has been proposed.Keeping the trajectory in the middle of the oillayer in the paleo-high,and in the paleo-low,make the trajectory crossing the oil-zone and then keep it in the lower.