Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

The Market Development of Children’s Go Training and the Difficulty and Countermeasure Analysis of Go Training

The children’s Go training market is experiencing vigorous growth but also faces several challenges.As the importance of Go in cultural education increases,the market expands,with growing demand and involvement from training and educational institutions.However,the market encounters difficulties such as a shortage of high-quality Go coaches,uniformity in training content and methods,and high training costs.To address these issues,measures can be taken to strengthen the team of Go coaches,diversify training content and methods,and optimize the training cost structure,thereby promoting the healthy development of the children’s Go training market.

Analysis of Innovative Paths for Enterprise Marketing Management Development Strategy under the Background of New Media

From the perspective of enterprise marketing strategy planning,innovative research should be conducted based on the current trends in new media.The findings should be applied to practical activities within enterprises to achieve innovation in marketing strategy decision-making in the new media environment.Enterprises should adopt advanced communication transmission technologies and big data processing capabilities to effectively leverage the hidden value and promotional planning advantages of network media platforms.This approach can enhance customer loyalty and increase demand for new products.Enterprises should integrate into the continuously evolving new media landscape,explore their potential business characteristics,and innovate promotional methods.By effectively combining product information with digital media content,companies can ultimately achieve significant increases in corporate interests.

Trend and Countermeasures for the Development of Rural Resident Tourism Market

The development status of rural resident tourism market is introduced in this study,and its potential influencing factors are analyzed.With coastal areas as the study case,the future development trend of rural resident tourism market in China is predicted from the aspects of market scale,consumption pattern,tourism level and tourism season,moreover,countermeasures are put forward for the healthy and sustainable development of rural resident tourism market.

Research on the Development of Rural Tourism Market Based on Undergraduates

Rural tourism,as an important component of tourism and leisure,has witnessed a rapid growth in recent years and gradually become an outstanding point in tourism industry.Questionnaire survey was carried out among undergraduates in the Nanjing Agricultural University by applying multi-stage random sampling,on the basis of which undergraduates' perception of travelling,tourism inclination,motivation and ways of travelling were analyzed.Characteristics of undergraduate tourism market were summarized,and corresponding suggestions were given to broaden the rural tourism market of undergraduates.

Economy Function in the Mode of Sustainable Development

To implement the previously formulated principles of sustainable economic development, all solutions of the linear system of equations and inequalities, which are satisfied by the vector of real consumption, are completely described. It is established that the vector of real consumption with the minimum level of excess supply is determined by the solution of some quadratic programming problem. The necessary and sufficient conditions are established under which the economic system, described by the “input-output” production model, functions in the mode of sustainable development. A complete description of the equilibrium states for which markets are partially cleared in the economy model of production “input-output” is given, on the basis that all solutions of system of linear equations and inequalities are completely described. The existence of a family of taxation vectors in the “input-output” model of production, under which the economic system is able to function in the mode of sustainable development, is proved. Restrictions were found for the vector of taxation in the economic system, under which the economic system is able to function in the mode of sustainable development.

Contribution of the MERISE-Type Conceptual Data Model to the Construction of Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators of the Effectiveness of Training in Relation to the Needs of the Labor Market in the Republic of Congo

This study proposes the use of the MERISE conceptual data model to create indicators for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training in the Republic of Congo. The importance of MERISE for structuring and analyzing data is underlined, as it enables the measurement of the adequacy between training and the needs of the labor market. The innovation of the study lies in the adaptation of the MERISE model to the local context, the development of innovative indicators, and the integration of a participatory approach including all relevant stakeholders. Contextual adaptation and local innovation: The study suggests adapting MERISE to the specific context of the Republic of Congo, considering the local particularities of the labor market. Development of innovative indicators and new measurement tools: It proposes creating indicators to assess skills matching and employer satisfaction, which are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training. Participatory approach and inclusion of stakeholders: The study emphasizes actively involving training centers, employers, and recruitment agencies in the evaluation process. This participatory approach ensures that the perspectives of all stakeholders are considered, leading to more relevant and practical outcomes. Using the MERISE model allows for: • Rigorous data structuring, organization, and standardization: Clearly defining entities and relationships facilitates data organization and standardization, crucial for effective data analysis. • Facilitation of monitoring, analysis, and relevant indicators: Developing both quantitative and qualitative indicators helps measure the effectiveness of training in relation to the labor market, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation. • Improved communication and common language: By providing a common language for different stakeholders, MERISE enhances communication and collaboration, ensuring that all parties have a shared understanding. The study’s approach and contribution to existing research lie in: • Structured theoretical and practical framework and holistic approach: The study offers a structured framework for data collection and analysis, covering both quantitative and qualitative aspects, thus providing a comprehensive view of the training system. • Reproducible methodology and international comparison: The proposed methodology can be replicated in other contexts, facilitating international comparison and the adoption of best practices. • Extension of knowledge and new perspective: By integrating a participatory approach and developing indicators adapted to local needs, the study extends existing research and offers new perspectives on vocational training evaluation.

Innovation and Development Trends in ASEAN Marketing Models in the Digital Age

The digital wave is reshaping the global economic landscape with unprecedented force,especially in the dynamic and promising ASEAN region.Southeast Asia,a multicultural gathering place composed of ten countries,is experiencing profound changes due to the digital revolution,and its marketing model is also displaying new vitality.With soaring internet penetration,widespread use of smartphones,and the booming rise of social media,ASEAN markets have become at the forefront of global digital marketing innovation.This transformation is not only about the application of technology but also involves a comprehensive shift in thinking,consumer behavior,and business strategy.The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth how ASEAN marketing models are innovating in this era and to identify future trends,with a view to providing insights for companies to help them remain competitive in the rapidly changing market.

Computational Strategy Research on the Development of Kiruna,in Sweden

In Kiruna,nearly all the residents support the migration plan in order to make LKAB able to continue the mining process.Based on current condition,a larger part of this town will be demolished by the sinking land caused by iron ore mining processing operated by LKAB.Since then,most of the buildings in the sinking district will be relocated in another district.However,the situation in Kiruna is not quite the same as when this kind of migration happens in another place.In other place,while migration happens,even if not most,a large part of the local residents will resist and fight for their house and properties.Concentrated on the ownership of different buildings and tried find the relationship between the public and private buildings to discover some issue that will help to work on the computational urban design.

A study on the development trends of tourist marketing policies in the 21^(ST) century

From the view point of tourist marketing, tourist features of popularity and mass, brand and sense, quality and comfort, level and difference, prevalence and society are studied, and the development trends of tourist marketing policies in the 21st century are put forward in this paper. Such as combining sustainable strategies in tourist development with ecology in green marketing, combining information of tourist trends with network in knowledge marketing, combining innovation in tourist products with diversification in marketing objects, combining levels in marketing goals with integer in marketing decision, combining solid in marketing measures with flexibility in marketing policies, combining conformity in marketing channels with double directions in marketing communication and combining the systems of marketing service with culture in marketing activities.

Evaluation on the development degree of China's seven pilot carbon markets

China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China.It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts' opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of "high market compliance rate with low trading volume". The resource allocation capability of China's carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights.Generally, the development of China's pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms.Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction,increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.

A study on the system of sustainable developmentof tourist marketing environment

The charactedstics and contents of tourist marketing environment are analyzed logically.The microenvironment and macro-environment of tourist marketing is also expounded. It is held thatsustainable development of tourist marketing envirment decides the effect of tourist marketing.The trending balances and coordinated development of macro-environment and microenvironment intourist marketing is the foundation of the tourist-marketing environment

The Importance of Agricultural Development Projects: A Focus on Sustenance and Employment Creation in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, and Uganda

The paper on the importance of Agricultural Development Projects focuses on different projects implemented in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, and Uganda. The paper presents the significance of agriculture in these 5 African economies in its ability to provide job opportunities and sustenance. A large portion of the African population in their different countries resides in rural areas and is fully dependent on agriculture for food and income. Subsequently, the development of many developing economies relies heavily on agriculture, the sector is the highest employer in the region with 60 percent of the total labor force being employed in agriculture and agriculture-related sectors such as manufacturing. The success of the sector means that people will have sufficient food, jobs will be created, and standards of living will be improved. The different projects implemented by local governments in the 5 countries and by the development partners have attained plausible results in providing job opportunities, increasing yield, providing food security, and creating a market for small-holder farmers. Despite these remarkable achievements, the agriculture sector in Africa as a whole is faced with many challenges that hinder its success, such as lack of funding, lack of infrastructure, limited land for farming, and climate change. To overcome these challenges and enable the sector to transform, bold policies need to be implemented. This study recommends that African countries create favorable business environments to attract investment, encourage youth participation in agricultural activities, and employ modern farming practices to increase agricultural productivity.

Urban Market-Gardening in Parakou (Republic of Benin): Spatial Dynamics, Food Security, Protection of the Environment and Creation of Employments

Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.

The Study of Strategy for the Development of Ying Charoen Market to Become Environment-Friendly Market

The results of using microorganism to clean appliances and buildings show that it was a highly efficient method.The researcher found that microorganism was more human and animal friendly than chemicals,and was good for environment as well.Ying Charoen Market was constructed in the year 1955,so it has existed for more than 63 years.The market has all kinds of food and has been a food center for people living in Northern Bangkok for a long time.Thus,it is not surprising that the market is also the center of people,garbage,and pollution,which produce negative effects on the environment.The research population consists of stakeholders(owner,managers,employees,suppliers,vendors,and consumers)in Ying Charoen Market.In details,there are 1,512 vendors in the market,which can be classified into 15 groups according to the main types of products.This study used mixed methods of methodology,in particular,exploratory sequential method.It was a qualitative research and an action participatory research.The objectives were to study the current condition,context,factors,and problems of Ying Charoen Market that are related with the environment,and to establish strategies for developing Ying Charoen Market to become environment-friendly.The data were analyzed by content analysis.The results expected from this research is to have a guidance for producing the strategy of environment management,which will lead to the participation of related people,lower cost in the long term,and good health for employees,vendors,and consumers in the market,as well as positive effects on the environment in general.In addition,the research is piloting the service of how to operate business in environment-friendly way.It is also a model for other markets or enterprises all over the country,presenting them how to manage their business to become sustainable and environment friendly.

The Determinants of Risk Exposure When Development Finance Institutions Consider Approval of Funding to Different Development Markets—Case Study Development Bank of Southern Africa

This paper evaluates the determinants of risk exposure when development finance institutions consider approval of funding to different development markets utilising multiple regression econometric models and the Development Bank of South Africa(DBSA)as a case study.The research presents the classical development finance institution(DFI)business model and market size estimation with the contemporary DFI risk classification and enterprise risk management framework.In addition to reviewing the profile of financial and non-financial products and services,the related project cycles and the DFI credit risk pricing and mitigation approaches for the different development markets.Our results suggest that there is a correlation between the funding of under-resourced municipalities by DBSA and its exposure to financial risk though the correlation is not overwhelmingly significant,but also evidence of a negative correlation between the funding of under-resourced municipalities and the minimization of the financial risk exposure of DBSA.Likewise,there is a negative correlation between funding to all three different sizes of a municipality and ability of the DFI to absorb future losses(non-performing loan coverage ratio).The negative correlation is highest for secondary cities followed by metros and least for under resourced municipalities.The research concludes with four major recommendations of what the role of the DFI should be in enhancing access of under-resourced municipalities to development funding.

The Role of Venture Capital in Supporting the Development Process of Innovative Start-Ups:Evidence From the Italian Market

This research paper investigates the role of Italian venture capital in supporting innovative start-ups in their early-stage process,which is usually focused on the creation of a new product or the development of a new service.The aim of the study is to observe and assess the key economic features of innovative start-ups funded at the beginning of the early-stage by venture capital funds and thereafter analyze the level of development of target companies at four years since the capital injection.The sample of deals created to describe this dynamic process is composed by investments realized between 1996 and 2012 and,in this way,according to the chosen methodology,it is representative of Italian venture capital role and contribution in the years from 1996 to 2016.The authors used for their empirical study a proprietary database,Venture Capital Monitor—VeMTM.Through the analysis of collected data,the paper describes the strategic importance of venture capital investments in early-stage opportunities both for target companies and the Italian socio-economic environment,and finds aggregate values of reference to quantitatively define the socio-economic outcome of this kind of operations.A final further contribution is provided by comparing the present results to the ones of two previous studies conducted by the authors.

The Importance of Small and Medium Enterprise Development for Efficient Global Market Environment

Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play an important role in the world economy.Modern trends in the development of small and medium enterprises imply a constant increase in their role in the total income of an economy.For such an approach,it is important to achieve quality organizational and managerial concepts of planning strategy development.In many countries,small businesses dominate in the production of a number of smaller products,higher consumption,and high quality of these products.The concept of a small economy consists of a group of companies that stand out in terms of their characteristics in relation to large companies.In relation to large companies as business systems,SMEs differ based on the concept of their own organization’s business,the volume of business,and the availability of resources.Research data show that the main obstacle to efficient continuous business of SMEs in the world is the procurement and maintenance of business resources.Ensuring continuity in production is often a problem of lack of resources,which primarily characterizes them in relation to large companies.Small business and entrepreneurship are the main backbone of today’s economic development,viewed globally.The purpose of the development of small and medium enterprises in the world is to enable the development of a successful and flexible entrepreneurial climate as an important organizational determinant,which is a prerequisite for progress in the modern world economy.The feature of SME development is the innovation of employees that needs to be constantly developed.In that way,conditions are provided for technological development,formation of flexible organizations,and new employment.In practice,small and medium enterprises are the engine of economic development.It is a sector that promotes private property and entrepreneurial skills.According to experts on economic issues,SMEs are today and in the future,not only in Serbia,the Region,but also in the world,a synonym for the private sector-for entrepreneurship.Comparative analysis shows the advantage of SMEs,especially in flexible business,where they can quickly adapt to change and can fully meet market demands.

Optimization and implementation strategy of ESCO driving force in the development of energy-saving transformation market of existing buildings

The development of the existing building energy-saving transformation market is inseparable from the internal driving force of ESCO.Giving full play to the driving role of ESCO scientifically is the internal requirement to promote the healthy and orderly operation of the existing building energy-saving transformation market.This paper summarizes the practical experience of developing ESCO driving force operation in foreign existing building energy-saving transformation market,analyzes the bottleneck of developing ESCO driving force operation in China’s existing building energy-saving transformation market,and puts forward useful practical enlightenment based on the comparison between home and abroad;According to the optimization principle of ESCO driving force operation in the development of existing building energy-saving transformation market,the optimization design framework of ESCO driving force is proposed,and the implementation strategy of ESCO driving force optimization in the development of existing building energy-saving transformation market is planned.In order to optimize and improve the effectiveness of the operation and development of the energy-saving transformation market of existing buildings with the internal driving force of ESCO.