The Formation Logic of the Digital Divide and Feasible Ways to Cross It:An Access-Based Analysis

How enterprises overcome the digital divide in a digital economy is a topic related to efficiency and fairness.The formation of the digital divide has showcased a certain level of objectivity and is also influenced by the characteristics of enterprises themselves.Based on the model that expands the information and communication technology(ICT)access,concept,we explored the digital divide’s formation logic of the digital divide and feasible ways to cross it.Our findings shed light on its formation logic,which includes elements of the subjective will of enterprises to transform,the fear of transformation,the dependence on development paths,and the cost of using digital technology,all of which have contributed to disparities in enterprises’motivational access.In addition,differences in the construction of digital infrastructure,financial strengths,business models,and heterogeneity in cluster networks have led to differences in enterprises’material access.The absorptive capacity of enterprises has affected their skill access,while the management capability influences the application access of enterprises.We also found that crossing the digital divide requires the joint efforts of governments,markets,and enterprises in the four access dimensions.

Innovation in the Public Sector in the Start-up Nation:Challenges of Technology,Bureaucracy,and Digital Divide

Innovation provides opportunities to all countries,as advancement in technology and globalization of economic markets encourage global competition and increase the role of governments in gaining a strategic competitive advantage while boosting economic growth and productivity.According to the OECD,innovation can make a difference in addressing developmental challenges and providing catalyst for countries to accelerate business processes and practices that improve public service efficiency.The public sector plays a significant role in modern economies and innovation is a necessary condition for improving government services to the public and creating a competitive economy.Israel is known as the“start-up nation”,but innovation policies and strategies relating to the public sector are less developed than those of business innovation due to lack of innovation culture,digital divide,and bureaucracy.The research examines innovation in the public sector in Israel compared to other OECD countries.It is argued that despite the enormous influence of high-tech and start-ups on the economy and gross of national product,the flourishing technology sector has not contributed to other sectors of the economy and the performance of the public service lags behind the private sector in terms of innovation and efficiency.The research concludes that implementing Israel’s success in business innovation into the public sector requires long-run strategic investments and public policies to increase the supply and quality of human capital and infrastructure.The goal should be to narrow digital divide with other developed countries and advance the technological capabilities and productivity of the public service.

Analysis of Mobile and Internet Network Coverage: Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and Concept of Digital Divide in Burundi

Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is still a long process. 2G networks have developed the messaging service, which complements the already operational voice service. 2G technology has rapidly progressed to the third generation (3G), incorporating multimedia data transmission techniques. It then progressed to fourth generation (4G) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), increasing the transmission speed to improve 3G. Currently, developed countries have already moved to 5G. In developing countries, including Burundi, a member of the East African Community (ECA) where more than 80% are connected to 2G technologies, 40% are connected to the 3G network and 25% to the 4G network and are not yet connected to the 5G network and then still a process. The objective of this article is to analyze the coverage of 2G, 3G and 4G networks in Burundi. This analysis will make it possible to identify possible deficits in order to reduce the digital divide between connected urban areas and remote rural areas. Furthermore, this analysis will draw the attention of decision-makers to the need to deploy networks and coverage to allow the population to access mobile and Internet services and thus enable the digitalization of the population. Finally, this article shows the level of coverage, the digital divide and an overview of the deployment of base stations (BTS) throughout the country to promote the transformation and digital inclusion of services.

A Study of Digital Disconnection Among Older Adults in the Internet Age

With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed to clarify the causes of their digital disconnection and develop appropriate solutions.In this study,semi-structured interviews are utilized to investigate the self-adjustment and external intervention of the elderly in the age of digital media and to explore the ways,causes,and effects of digital disconnection of the elderly.The focus issue of this study is to clarify the subjective and objective factors of digital disconnection,especially cognitive problems,group influences,and technological access barriers in the elderly population concerning digital devices and the Internet.

Assessing the Digital Divide Status of the Jordanian Telecentre

This study investigates the status of digital divide amongst Jordanian Telecentres. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease-of-use and the facilitating conditions on the behavioral intention of employees. In addition, the study investigates the effect of the three mentioned factors on the user acceptance while the behavioral intention on the user acceptance is used as a mediating factor. The proposed research model was validated by distributing 150 survey questionnaires to the Telecentres in Jordan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the results. One of the main limitations of this study is that the results cannot be universal since the study was limited to Jordan. Similar study needs to be conducted in different courtiers to either support or negate our results.

Framing and Reframing the Digital Divide Policy in Taiwan： Consensus and Conflict

This paper explores key policy issues of national information and communication technology development to identify the gap between the heterogeneity in issues pertaining to the ＂digital divide＂. How this issue is cast often as a problem to be solved in recent years. On the public policy front, a series of reports issued by Taiwan Residents policymakers were endeavored to address universal services and digital divide issues. Government also has taken various steps to mitigate the disparity in opportunities to access the Internet （e.g., ＂e-Taiwan＂ for broadband services, ＂M-Taiwan＂ for broadband infrastructure and heterogeneous network services, and ＂i-Taiwan＂ for ubiquitous networks and digital convergence by Taiwan＇s Cabinet）. However, when policymakers worked to craft solutions to the pressing societal concern, they found lots of policy agendas need to redefine to foster greater understanding and enlighten practice for policy going forward. An examination of conflicting narratives within policy has been conducted, which identified not only the earlier debates were framed, but also key agendas of the most studied and empirical data used among them. The article attempts to examine the topic from a longitudinal perspective by using sets of documents revealed a tendency over time to explore how particular the agendas and debates of ＂digital divide＂ were framed. The study traced back to policy debates from cultural, economic, educational, and political perspectives at various Internet diffusion stages. The results provide useful insights into the study and discussion on new convergence policy making implications.

Bridging the Digital Divide

She never thought the countryside scene could be so interesting. ＂The ancient farmers＇ houses of these Zhuang minority groups have threefloors--the first is for raising animals like pigs and hens, the second is for people and the third is for storing grain and corn.

Does digitalization mitigate regional inequalities?Evidence from China

Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between them.By analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated regression.The results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four years.However,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than digitalization.Notably,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent years.The southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern region.While digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative facets.Our study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these areas.This study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.

Digital Divide of Internet: Model Analysis and Policy Exploration-A Comparison among China, America and Russia

A new analytical model is proposed and constructedin this paper through studying the two-stage courseand the marginal replication cost of informationproducts. The economic nature of digital divide isuncovered and that is of the economic value and theallotment styles of information and knowledge. Basedon the proposed model and taken China, Americaand Russia as examples, the empirical analyses areflexibly made and policy explanations for bridgingthe divide are given.

The Application of Digital Teaching Resources in Higher Education and Its Impact on Learning Outcomes

The integration of digital teaching resources in higher education has become increasingly prevalent,offering transformative potential for teaching and learning.This study employed a mixed-methods approach to investigate the application and impact of digital resources on learning outcomes within higher education settings.Quantitative data from surveys indicated a positive correlation between digital resource usage and learning motivation,with students demonstrating higher knowledge retention and engagement levels.Qualitative interviews highlighted themes such as personalization,engagement,and the challenges of the digital divide and professional development needs.The research underscores the importance of strategic integration,equitable access,and ongoing support for educators and students.Recommendations for higher education institutions and policy makers include improving digital access,fostering a culture of innovation,and providing professional development opportunities.The study also identifies areas for future research,such as the long-term impact of digital resources and the potential of emerging technologies.

Bridging Digital Divide for English Learners at Chinese Secondary Schools

This article reviews the concept of digital divide and particularly discusses the digital divide among K-12 students in rural and urban China,as well as the e-learning strategies initiated by the Chinese government that were designed to minimize this digital divide in China.This article concludes by explaining the issue of skills on effective e-learning and correspondingly making suggestions for English teachers in K-12 schools in China.

Evaluation of characteristics of left-sided colorectal perfusion in elderly patients by angiography

BACKGROUND Handling of the inferior mesenteric artery(IMA)and maintaining anastomotic perfusion are important in radical resection of left-sided colorectal cancer.However,the branching of this artery and the drainage patterns of this vein vary among individuals,and the characteristics and perfusion region of this artery in elderly patients remain unclear.AIM To evaluate the characteristics and perfusion region of the IMA in elderly patients using angiography.METHODS We enrolled 154 patients(>65 years old)who underwent digital subtraction angiography of the IMA.The characteristics,bifurcation,and distribution of the IMA and termination of the anastomotic perfusion of the left colon and rectum were examined using digital subtraction angiography.Collateral arterial arches and the IMA hemoperfusion region were also recorded.Perfusion regions were cross-referenced with clinical and anatomical features by the univariate analysis.RESULTS Of 154 patients,25(16.2%)had IMA lesions.The left colic artery arose independently from the IMA in 44.2%of patients,shared a trunk with the sigmoid artery in 35.1%,shared an opening with the sigmoid and superior rectal arteries in 16.9%,and was absent in 5.1%.The IMA perfusion region stopped at the splenic flexure in 50(32.5%)patients.The collateral circulation existed in the colonic perfusion region,including the marginal artery(Drummond’s artery),the ascending branch of the left colonic artery to supply the transverse colon,and the arc of Riolan with a frequency of 100%,22.7%,and 1.9%,respectively.The IMA perfusion region was independently associated with the comorbidity of atherosclerosis,IMA atherosclerotic lesion,branching pattern,collateral circulation,and marginal artery integrity.CONCLUSION The IMA and its branches are prone to arteriosclerosis,and IMA perfusion may be interrupted at the splenic flexure in elderly patients.The applicability and precision of preoperative angiography for evaluating the IMA branching and perfusion patterns could facilitate geriatric laparoscopic left-sided colorectal cancer surgery with suspicion of poor IMA perfusion.

Digital Divide in Relation to Differently Abled Community in Sri Lanka

The developments in the field of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） in the country has rapidly happen after year 2009 .Government has developed many programs and initiations to develop ICT in the country after three decades of war was ended up. As a result disabled community can make many opportunities to use the ICT and at the same time create a gap, which is commonly referred to as Disability Digital Divide. The purpose of this study was to examine empirically the current status of adoption of ICT and in turn the digital divide resulting from which in the disability community in Sri Lanka and the factors affecting this behavior. A questionnaire and Interviewed based survey （n = 107） was carried out to collect the data from the disabled people who used ICT in the Colombo, Gampaha, and Kaluthara district. An empirical model was developed to show the relationship between the level of adoption of 10 basic, intermediate, and advanced ICT facilities and a number of factors to reflect the WWW, Smart phones, and Computer usage aspects of disabled community. Based on the Innovatiotr---Diffusion Theory, the status of Digital Divide of a disabled community was specified by means of an Index. The results show that this community did not become innovators or early-adopters of ICT by adopting WWW or computer related technologies but was mostly confined to the smart phone related facilities. The results from this study highlight that the income of a disabled person, awareness about the information and technology, interest of new technology usage, social and cultural background of a person, use of English language in day-to-day life give a significant impact on the adoption oflCT by the disabled community.

Probing into Solutions to Digital Divide:China's Perspective

Since we have entered the informational epoch, the general application of information technology originates various kinds of effects that are divided into positive part and negative part, which the research of digital divide in the disabled group is raised under this background.In modern society, the disabled is an absolutely weak group which confronts the circumstance that is hard to adapt to when they face up with the impact in informational era for their physical or psychological disabilities. Strictly speaking, the issue of digital divide in the disabled group is part of the negative effect which is brought in by information technology. Meanwhile, it is a branch of digital divide issue. But the concern and solution for the digital divide issue embody a government's attitude and deed towards the new problem in the informational epoch, meanwhile they show esteem to the human rights and social equity in the new era.This article first describes and discusses the digital divide issue of the disabled group in China. Then, it focuses on the solutions or actions that Chinese local governments take towards the issue. Finally, it introduces Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act as a reference to China from the legislative perspective.

From ＂Fast-Thinking＂ to ＂Slack-tivism＂： Remarks Concerning the Web-Mediated Social Space

The invention of the World Wide Web, especially the Web 2.0, originally led some sociologists to believe that this tool would have favoured the creation of a ＂collective intelligence＂ able to spread and increase the level of democracy in the society. Nowadays, as a matter of fact, Information and Communications Technologies （ICTs） continue excluding part of the population and contribute to a top-down organisation of the main streams of information neutralising active potentialities and risking, paradoxically, to isolate users who are not aware of the mechanisms of the lnternet. The ＂doxic＂ acceptance of web contents, structures, and tools indeed precludes some kinds of knowledge and some different models of participation, with significant consequences on the social construction of reality. As a result, a tendency emerges towards a virtual-only participation and the click-tivism seems more and more to be turning into a form of slack-tivism.

Design of Digital Hybrid Chaotic Sequence Generator

The feasibility of the hybrid chaotic sequences as the spreading codes in code divided multiple access(CDMA) system is analyzed. The design and realization of the digital hybrid chaotic sequence generator by very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language(VHDL) are described. A valid hazard canceledl method is presented. Computer simulations show that the stable digital sequence waveforms can be produced. The correlations of the digital hybrid chaotic sequences are compared with those of m-sequences. The results show that the correlations of the digital hybrid chaotic sequences are almost as good as those of m-sequences. The works in this paper explored a road for the practical applications of chaos.

Effect of Digital Economy Development on Rural-Urban Income Disparity: Evidence from China

Promoting income equality between urban and rural residents is one of the main goals of China’s social progress and economic development.It is also a necessary means to achieve“common prosperity.”Digital economy can effectively promote economic development,the adjustment of industry structure and industry upgrading,as well as increase the disposable income of urban and rural residents,which is theoretically beneficial to rural-urban income disparity.An empirical analysis is conducted based on the data of 30 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions in China from 2013 to 2020.The findings demonstrate that the growth of digital economy helps lessen rural-urban income disparity and has a significant effect in East China and North China.

数字金融、数字鸿沟与家庭金融资产组合有效性——基于城乡差异视角的分析

数字金融发展有助于克服长期以来“三农”金融服务中面临的缺乏标准抵押物的“痛点”和信息不对称的“堵点”,有望加快弥合城乡数字鸿沟,让广大农民得以共同享受改革发展成果。利用中国数字普惠金融发展指数和2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,检验数字金融发展对城乡居民家庭金融资产组合有效性的差异,进而基于不同等级的数字鸿沟展开异质性讨论。研究表明:(1)数字金融发展显著提高了城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性,但明显更有利于城镇家庭,即城乡间存在家庭金融资产组合有效性差距拉大的危险;分维度来看,数字金融使用深度、普惠金融数字化程度也提高了城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性,且更有利于城镇家庭。(2)数字鸿沟是制约数字金融发展提高家庭金融资产组合有效性的关键因素,在城乡家庭都逾越一级和二级数字鸿沟后,数字金融发展显著提高了城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性,即数字金融发展要更好地促进城乡家庭金融资产组合有效性提升,其关键在于缩小数字鸿沟。因此,必须加快构建数字金融的包容性发展路径,建立健全城乡居民数字素养和金融素养培育的体制机制,不断弥合“信息富人”和“信息穷人”之间的数字鸿沟,提升居民家庭金融资产组合有效性。

数字经济时代的“红利”与“鸿沟”:异质性劳动力的微观表征

作为新科技革命条件下产业发展的方向,数字经济具有双刃剑的特点。文章将数字经济发展指数和中国流动人口动态监测调查数据相结合,构建多部门一般均衡理论模型,并实证探讨数字经济发展对工资收入分配的影响。研究发现:数字经济会对高技能劳动力和非常规认知型职业劳动力产生工资溢价效应,降低低技能劳动力的工资收入,从而扩大技能工资收入差距。其中,数字经济引致的城市生产率效应和创新效应是扩大工资收入差距的重要传导机制,且人力资本积累会进一步扩大差距。此外,数字经济的工资溢价效应在东中部地区、人口规模100万及以上的城市、非中老年群体及非农户口群体中更显著。