Study on Influence of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Tourism Consumption Structure in Shandong Province

At the end of 2019,the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic brought great challenges to the world,and China's tourism industry suffered an unprecedented heavy blow.Exploring the impact of the epidemic on tourism consumption structure has become a research focus in the post-epidemic era.In this study,based on Shandong Tourism Statistics Handbook from 2018 to 2020,taking Shandong Province as an example,the changes of total tourism revenue and tourism consumption structure in Shandong Province before and after the COVID-19 epidemic were compared to predict the development of tourism in Shandong Province in the post-epidemic era and find out existing problems,and optimization paths were put forward for the development of tourism in Shandong Province in the post-epidemic era.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Droughts and Floods in Shandong Province,China and Their Relationship with Food Loss

Mastering the pattern of food loss caused by droughts and floods aids in planning the layout of agricultural production,determining the scale of drought and flood control projects,and reducing food loss.The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index is calculated using monthly meteorological data from 1984 to 2020 in Shandong Province of China and is used to identify the province’s drought and flood characteristics.Then,food losses due to droughts and floods are estimated separately from disaster loss data.Finally,the relationship between drought/flood-related factors and food losses is quantified using methods such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.The results show that:1)there is a trend of aridity in Shandong Province,and the drought characteristic variables are increasing yearly while flood duration and severity are decreasing.2)The food losses caused by droughts in Shandong Province are more than those caused by floods,and the area where droughts and floods occur frequently is located in Linyi City.3)The impact of precipitation on food loss due to drought/flood is significant,followed by potential evapotranspiration and temperature.4)The relationship between drought and flood conditions and food losses can be precisely quantified.The accumulated drought duration of one month led to 1.939×10^(4)t of grain loss,and an increase in cumulative flood duration of one month resulted in1.134×10^(4)t of grain loss.If the cumulative drought severity and average drought peak increased by one unit,food loss due to drought will increase by 1.562×10^(4)t and 1.511×10^(6)t,respectively.If the cumulative flood severity and average flood peak increase by one unit,food loss will increase by 8.470×103t and 1.034×10^(6)t,respectively.

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATERENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONTIGUOUSREGION OF JIANGSU,SHANGDONG,HENANAND ANHUI PROVINCES

Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.

The Impact of the News Frames on Report of the 2020 Pandemic in China’s National Media

News frames is a general application of the Frame Theory in journalistic practice,and the setting of the Frame Theory in news media,to some extent,may make the news agency have more choices of the topics,more channels of the report,and more impacts on readers and audiences.It is for this reason that news media are very interested in setting up their news frame to guide their reportage.It won’t be surprised that when important affairs took place,the media set a theme for their coverage;while at the same time,audiences recognized that they are allowed to know the facts as well to evaluate the events properly.The coverage of disaster news is one of the concrete examples.However,when reading the reportage framework of the news in China,it can be seen that media would be likely to set similar frames for the focus of the report,and this potentially created complexity and difficulty in analyzing disaster news events in terms of content classification,reporting form,and news-making on effectiveness.The outbreak of the 2020 COVID-19 gathered media to work on a centralized proposal–anti-epidemic,so that textual,audio-visual contents and other forms of reporting show a diversified perspective for disaster news.This reporting form is a new challenge for Chinese news media,reflected in their practice on how Chinese government and people fought against the virus,how Chinese medical community dispatched their team to assist COVID-19 fight,and how Chinese media responded to the vilification of foreign media during that period.This paper takes three established media Hubei Daily,CCTV and China Daily as examples for an in-depth analysis.

Investigation on Transmission and Substation Facilities of Sichuan Power Grid in Wenchuan Earthquake

On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of Ms 8.0 hit the area around Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China. It has been one of the most destructive earthquakes since the founding of P. R. China in 1949. The quake caused not only tremendous loss of life and wealth, but also severe damage to transmission and substation facilities. After the disaster, an expert group from China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) was sent for on-site investigation. This paper is a summary of the investigation, in which suggestions for electric equipment to resist earthquake disasters are also proponed.

在高中生物学教学中渗透灾疫伦理教育的路径探索

新课程标准的理念与灾疫伦理教育内涵非常契合,因此有必要在高中生物学教学中渗透灾疫伦理教育。通过积极落实课程目标、增加灾疫伦理教育的教学内容、丰富灾疫伦理教育的教学方法等途径,让灾疫伦理教育的开展成为可能,彰显生物学课程的核心教育价值。

灾后社会景气变动趋势:基于后疫情期的考察

灾后社会景气作为表征性因素,是实质性恢复重建工作中长期潜在的隐蔽公理,对于更好促进灾后恢复重建具有重要的社会意义。通过对原有文献中社会景气概念的修复性界定,指出它不仅仅是主观满意度和信心的问题,更涉及客观景象的整体状况。基于后疫情期主客观社会景气的案例,通过实证比较分析进行具体考察,从而揭示疫灾过后经济社会恢复发展和社会景气回升繁荣的艰难之因。在此基础上,提出加强灾后社会景气研究和监测分析,着眼于宏观、中观、微观层面促进灾后恢复重建和社会景气回升。

山东省设施农业风灾风险评估研究

本研究利用气象观测、高分辨率卫星影像、灾情直报等数据,基于自然灾害风险理论,探索了设施农业风灾风险评估方法。以山东省为例,从设施农业风灾危险性、暴露度、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力4个方面,构建设施农业风灾风险评估指数,开展风险评估研究,并对评估结果进行了分析和验证。结果显示,风灾危险性受地形影响,高值区主要分布在鲁中山区和山东半岛;暴露度高值区分布符合设施种植建设用地规范,主要集中在鲁中的东部、鲁西北和鲁西南;脆弱性与基本风压反向分布较为吻合,中高值区主要分布在鲁南和鲁中的东部地区;防灾减灾能力较弱地区主要分布在成灾指数大、风灾预警能力相对较弱、经济欠发达的鲁西北、鲁西南和鲁中的西部;设施农业风灾风险高低由危险性、暴露度、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力共同决定,高风险区主要分布在鲁西北、鲁西南以及鲁中。经检验,设施农业风灾风险分布与风灾灾情发生情况空间上具有显著一致性,基于自然灾害风险理论构建的设施农业风灾害风险评估指数合理、方法可行,结果可为设施农业风灾风险管理以及防灾减损提供参考。

平均降水量算法在山东省水情业务系统中的应用

平均降水量是水利、气象等行业最常用且很重要的指标,各行业自建设雨量站,存在数据标准不统一、数据共享机制不畅通、资源浪费等现象,并且各行业、同一行业不同部门计算方法不一致。为解决平均降水量计算不统一的问题,实现数据快速查询和服务,结合水情业务系统建设,提出算术平均与面积加权相结合,利用系统计算入成果库的解决方法。本方法快速高效,便于维护,成果可作为后期分析多年均值的数据源。后期进一步优化算法,可以实现资源优化,避免重复建设。

莱阳梨种植气候条件适宜性及主要气象灾害分析

本研究利用1994—2022年莱阳站气候观测资料,分析了莱阳梨各生育期气温、降水、光照等气候条件及对莱阳梨生产的影响,并对影响莱阳梨生长发育的主要气象灾害及发生规律进行了分析,以期为莱阳梨科学生产和防灾减灾提供参考依据。结果表明,莱阳市气温、降水、空气相对湿度和光照等气候条件均能满足莱阳梨各生育期生长发育的需求,莱阳梨生产中主要的气象灾害有萌芽至开花期霜冻、花期和采收期大风、膨大期暴雨涝害和冰雹。

山东省制造业数字化转型研究——以济南市为例

数字化转型是济南市制造业高质量发展的重要手段。研究表明:济南市制造业主要通过三个方面进行数字化转型升级:一是打造“双创”平台,实现济南市制造业资源创新的数字化,线上转化和线上线下资源的互动整合。二是利用工业大数据进行智能化生产,将制造业的运行过程与数字化的生产要素相结合,从而提高工厂的生产效率。三是提升数字化人才素质,推动制造业向高附加值的产业链发展。对济南市制造业进行数字化转型,将有效解决目前济南市制造业的产业矛盾与供求矛盾,以科技创新来提高企业的自主创新能力,以新技术新模式助力企业数字化转型,从而构建适合济南市制造业发展的产业链条和配套系统。

张谦宜瘟疫书写与山东康熙癸未、甲申灾疫

文学史上,有关灾异的书写不绝如缕,但关于瘟疫的书写则较为罕见。康熙甲申山东诸多州县暴发瘟疫,此次瘟疫是前一年,即康熙癸未大灾的延伸。这两年齐鲁大地因连遭天灾、瘟疫,饿殍满地,一片焦土,史书、方志对此多有记载。这两年的灾异,在山左文士的诗文集中多有记录,却鲜有关于瘟疫的书写。胶州文士张谦宜《絸斋诗集》中存有一定数量的关于康熙甲申瘟疫的诗篇,似为仅有的有关这次瘟疫的诗歌书写。张谦宜的瘟疫书写,在社会层面,真实细致地反映了瘟疫给胶东大地带来的无尽伤害;在心理层面,又深刻形象地揭示了瘟疫给胶东民众带来的严重创伤。诚然,张谦宜的瘟疫书写限于胶州一地,但从这一地的书写中能够蠡测当时齐鲁大地瘟疫横行的惨状,不仅是直观的灾难损失,还有持久的精神苦痛。

投入产出视角下山东省疫情防控效率测量与评价

[目的]了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控常态化阶段疫情防控效率和冗余,为优化资源配置、提高防控效能提供依据。[方法]运用数据包络分析中的投入导向CCR模型、BCC模型和超效率模型,对2020年山东省各地疫情防控效率进行测算和评价。[结果]2020年山东省疫情防控总体综合效率为0.951,7个地区DEA有效,其他9个地区非DEA有效。总体技术效率为0.958,8个地区DEA有效,其他8个地区非DEA有效。非DEA有效的地区存在不同程度的投入冗余,经测算得到医生从业人数、护士从业人数、卫生支出费用总额、医院病床数的优化配置目标值。[结论]山东省总体综合效率和技术效率处于较高水平,部分地区可通过优化资源配置和提高管理水平提高投入产出效率。

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下县级医院护理部在“9.16”泸县地震灾害院前救援中的组织管理

地震灾害具有突发性,院前救援工作中的组织管理至关重要。县级三级综合医院护理部应快速反应,启动应急救援预案,在保证新型冠状病毒疫情防控措施落实的前提下,通过组建队伍、按需布局、合理分工、资源调配和信息管理等部署,保证救援护理工作高效有序开展,提高救援质量。

1923年日本关东大地震后医疗救援与疫病防控

关东大地震是工业时代城市区域罕见的巨型灾害,严重破坏了受灾地的医疗系统。巨灾损坏了城市生命线工程和公共卫生体系,扰乱了城市生活秩序,阻碍了医疗救援的实施。日本动员了多层力量,包括军队、警察、当地政府、红十字会及其他救援队,实施了医疗救援。此外,建立传染病监控机制,强化公共卫生管理,加强对民众的防疫教育。通过医疗救援,恢复和重建了灾区的医疗系统,为疫病防控赢得了主动权。关东大地震后的医疗救援和疫病防控是近代灾害医疗的大规模实践,尽管存在诸多问题,但也促进了公共卫生治理和灾害危机管理体系的完善。

《战士卫生》与山东根据地卫生防疫宣传

新四军山东军区卫生部主办的报刊《战士卫生》承载着对山东根据地战士进行卫生宣教的重要使命。山东根据地医疗卫生条件比较艰苦,战士们的公共卫生知识较为匮乏,而传染性疾病时有发生,新四军山东军区卫生部借助《战士卫生》向战士传播健康的卫生生活理念,普及卫生防疫科学知识,宣传流行疾病的治疗与预防,倡导创造清洁的卫生环境,养成科学卫生健康的生活方式。《战士卫生》的卫生防疫宣传为山东根据地党的政权巩固奠定了群众基础,为革命后期根据地卫生报刊的研究范例提供借鉴,也为当今卫生报刊政治社会功能的实现提供参考。

山东省干旱灾害风险评估与区划研究

为了提高山东省干旱灾害的风险评估和应急管理能力,减少旱灾损失,根据自然灾害风险理论,考虑干旱灾害的影响因素,从危险性、敏感性、易损性、防灾减灾能力4个方面选取评价指标,采用AHP-熵权法确定指标权重,构建干旱灾害风险指数模型,并绘制出山东省干旱灾害风险区划图。风险区划结果表明:致灾因子的高危险区位于鲁西北地区,孕灾环境敏感性高值区主要位于中部及东部地区,承灾体易损性从阳信县、汶上县、陵城区、曹县、嘉祥县、宁阳县依次递减,防灾减灾能力从高到低依次为福山区、龙口市、荣成市、黄岛区、垦利区;从干旱风险区划图中可以看出,干旱综合风险大体呈现出由东向西逐渐递增的现象。

山东省干旱灾害风险评估与区划

山东省作为中国的农业大省,是最重要的粮食主产区之一,受季风气候影响,是干旱灾害的易发区和重灾区,因此对山东省干旱开展灾害风险评估与区划有助于更加科学地抵御干旱灾害,对于改善山东省干旱灾害风险管理、提高决策水平、减小经济损失具有一定的指导意义。利用山东省气象、土壤、地形等基本数据以及土地利用类型、归一化植被指数等高精度数据,同时基于自然灾害风险评估原理,运用加权综合评价法和层次分析法等方法,使用GIS空间分析技术对山东省干旱灾害进行风险性评估与区划。结果表明,山东省干旱危险性较高,中、高危险性地区占总面积的59.40%,高危险性地区主要分布在山东省西北部和胶东半岛东部;承灾体暴露性偏高,中、高暴露性地区占总面积的70.66%,高暴露性地区主要分布于山东省西部和南部,中部也有部分区域暴露性较高;承灾体脆弱性略高,中、高脆弱性地区占总面积的48.1%,高脆弱性地区主要分布在山东省西南部;防灾减灾能力较强,中、高防灾减灾能力地区占总面积的50.87%,高防灾减灾能力地区主要分布在胶东半岛和北部部分区域;山东省干旱综合风险性偏高,中、高综合风险地区占总面积的54.04%,主要分布在西部和中部,东部较低。

明清疫灾与五运六气相关分析

目的:通过对明清疫灾的统计分析,探求疫灾发生与五运六气的关系。方法:通过统计1368—1911年各年疫灾发生的县数,确定各年疫灾范围,从岁运、司天之气、运气同化等多种角度,分析影响疫灾发生范围的运气因素。结果:明清疫灾整体呈波动上升趋势,时有高峰,辛巳年、戊子年是发生疫灾地域较广的年份,岁运为火运太过之年发生疫灾范围较广,阳明燥金司天之年发生疫灾范围相对较小,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);天符年发生疫灾范围较非天符年发生疫灾范围广,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:五运六气是疫灾发生的重要影响因素之一,天符年更易发生疫灾,提示应注意此类特殊年份,关注当年异常气候变化,及时捕捉先兆预警信号,为疫灾的发生提前做好充分准备。