The Special Meaning of Color Words in Chinese and Western Culture

In Chinese and western culture,color words are both as many as the sands in the Ganges river and stars in the blue sky.And its meanings have something in common and also something that is different.To find out the same points and differentias and to avoid mistakes in intercommunication,the writer will analysis the meanings of some main color words and makes an explain for the differences from the aspect of culture between Chinese and western countries by the means of comparison and analysis.After the analysis,the writer discovers that the meanings of the colors are basically different except the purple,and which are deeply affected by their each culture.And the meanings of them would change in the situation of intercommunication.Therefore,we should use these words properly.

“Words”and“Meaning”in the Horizon of Philosophical Hermeneutics

The article holds that the problem of the relationship between"words"and"meaning"has always been the philosophical proposition.Through analyzing the relationship between"words"and"meaning"and probing into"disoourse","text"and"space-time history",the author thinks that the interpreters'preconceptions,preexistence,pre-structure and different perspectives have resulted in diverse forms of interpretations,and the being of each kind of form has its own rationality.Moreover,the process in which the interpreters interpret"words","discourse","text"and"history"is also the process to interpret themselves.Nevertheless,being able to say and being unable to say are soaked in the whole process of interpretation,and,as a result,human beings will always be confronted with a kind of"say and cannot say"embarrassment.

On How to Guess Meanings of Unknown Words in Reading Materials the Importance of Context

While reading plays a very important role in English study, many English language learners find it very difficult to fully comprehend some reading materials on account of many unknown words in them. This essay mainly discusses one technique of guessing meanings of new words according to context clues, thus emphasizing the importance of context.

The Meaning of Words Depends on the Context

This paper starts with stating the importance of context in understanding the meaning of words through the aspects as extra linguistic and linguistic context,which is followed by the analysis of the function of context in defferent time, place, situation and to different people. The purpose is to try and present the actual use of context in our daily life and enhance our awareness of the importance of the role of context.

Study on new words and their evolutions

Language change is the manner in which the phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of a language are modified over time. Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get combined or shortened. Information and communication technologies （ICT） are one of the major driving forces in the process of globalization. This paper focuses on some lexicon changes over the last two decades. In particular, affixation, compounding, blending, and meaning shift are illustrated in detail.

Some Symbolic Meanings of Color Words in Chinese and English Cultures

In Chinese and English languages, there are very abundant words that can describe different colors. Not only should we pay attention to their basic meanings, but also should pay attention to their profound symbolic meanings. Because the symbolic meanings of color words often have different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo to the colors after being guided, stretched and transferred by people. The big difference of the symbolic meanings of color between different cultures is due to the different nations, different cultures, different historical backgrounds, and different aesthetic psychologies. It is sanctified by usage in the sediment of history and the development of society. It is a kind of enduring culture phenomenon. From the angle of comparison between Chinese and English cultures, this essay attempts to probe into the development of different cultures has the impact on symbolic meanings of color words.

How to Deal with New Words in Material——What is a Word and its Relations to the Reading

When you mention lexicology,absolutely it is a branch of linguistics,inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.The lexicologist Mc Carthy(1990)have given us his opinion about it.He said,grammar is important,and it indeed plays a vital rolein English study,but that is not all.In fact,tar from this.From this we can see,vocabulary and the study and learning of vocabularytake an outstanding place in the study of language,it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solvingability and efficiency of individual study.And it will make you much more receptive and productive in language processing and lan-guage production.Knowledge of English Lexicology can offer a great help to the work of the teachers of English.Armed with thisknowledge,they can better control the teaching materials,especially the concerning words.They can also select and organize mate-rials to teach in a more effective way.What is more,they can make use of the different sense relations to group vocabulary,inter-pret words and explain meanings to the students;At last,their teaching will prove better if they have the knowledge of dictionaries.In my thesis,I will talk about how to deal with new words in material.

Elementary Introduction to the differences in Vocabulary between British English and American English

With the development of the two countries, the differences in some fields are clear and are also reflected in their languages. This paper discusses the differences in vocabulary between British English and American English through three aspects - - - the same words but different meaning, the same meanings but different words,characteistic words.

A Comparative Study on the Metaphorical Meanings and Translations of Green and绿

Language is not only a part of culture,but also the carrier and container of culture.However,due to differences in cultur⁃al background,customs,historical and geographical environment,language expression is also different.As a part of language,col⁃or words are usually endowed with corresponding metaphorical meaning.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the differences be⁃tween English and Chinese color words“green”and“绿”,and explores the translation methods of English and Chinese color words.

A Discussion On the Range of Meaning of English Words──An Approach to English Words Learning

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A Brief Analysis of Ambiguity of Words' Meaning in Translation

As you can see from the title,we try to provide a brief analysis of ambiguity of words' meaning in translation practice,namely,what is ambiguity of a meaning of a word and how it is caused,and how it affects translation.What effective methods are available to help us achieve a successful translation? Although a perfect solution for the problems presented by the ambiguity of words' meaning is difficult to find,we try to do what it can to contribute to the solution and draw people's attention to those problems.

Cultural Connotation and Translation of Color Words

This paper aims to analyze the cultural connotations of color words. To successfully translate the expressions relating to colors form Chinese to English or English to Chinese, it is a key step to master the cultural connotations of Chinese and English color words. By comparing the differences of the corresponding color words between Chinese and English, three basic translating methods are generalized.

Changes of Word Meaning in English-Generalization/Specialization and Pejoration/Amelioration

Changes of word meanings in English are often achieved by the processes of generalization/specialization and pejoration/amelioration.By generalization or specialization,the literal meanings of a word are broadened or narrowed.While by pejoration or amelioration,the associations of a word go downhill or rise.Trough supplying certain examples,a brief picture about meaning changes of words in English is drawn.

Lexical Relations： Measuring the Proficiency of the Saudi EFL Learners and Analysing the Obstacles

As teachers of EFL （English as a Foreign Language） in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we are sometimes flabbergasted by the errors that the/earners make in their English scripts. Apparently, there was no pattern to these errors. However, when the researcher observed the frequency of similar error over a few years of her experience as an EFL faculty for Saudi learners, the theory of Lexical Relations appeared to offer an answer. Therein also lies the genesis of the current study. In a positive development, the study did bring to light certain factors that directly played a role in the Saudi EFL learners＇ English errors. These have been presented in this paper with the hope that with the diagnosis in hand, it will be easier for the EFL teachers to find a solution to the dearth of English proficiency among the Saudi EFL learners.

An Analysis of Borrowed Chinese Trade Words in the Malay Language

This paper discusses Chinese loan words in the Malay language that exhibit trade elements. The Chinese people who migrated to Malaya two centuries ago brought with them many words related to trade. This phenomenon is more prominent now that the current majority of the Chinese in Malaysia are involved in trading and businesses Out of 136 loan words taken from the fourth edition of the Kamus Dewan （the Malay language monolingual dictionary used as a teaching and studying companion in Malaysia, 2005）, 25 Chinese loan words are found to reflect elements of trade and these were used as research data. Semantic analysis was done in order to identify the meaning of these loan words in the Malay language. Borrowing methods were also assayed through the patterns of these loan words. Analyses showed that the Chinese loan words that are borrowed into the Malay language are numerous and have resulted in an enriched collection of Malay trade terms. These loan words are still widely used among speakers of the Malay language. The dominant borrowing method is transliteration. Hokkien or Amoy pronunciation was used as the basis for the formation of these loan words

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures,and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation.language is greatly influenced by social culture,which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics.Word is the smallest,independent,meaningful linguistic unit of language.It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics.From synchronic aspect,the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word.The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages.From diachronic aspect,the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent.Therefore,social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.

晋北方言中近代汉语词的词义用法变化

晋北方言中留存着许多近代汉语词,其中一些词的词义、语法以及搭配对象、使用场合等发生了变化。词义变化表现在义项数量、意义范围、词义转移及感情色彩等方面,其中以词的义项减少为最,词义转移次之;语法变化表现在词性和组合功能方面。这些变化既受汉语发展规律制约,也与社会发展和晋北文化密切相关,是客体世界、汉语发展规律以及晋北人认知特点综合作用的结果。

基于主题词向量中心点的K-means文本聚类算法

K-means由于其时间复杂度低运行速度快一直是最为流行的聚类算法之一,但是该算法在进行聚类时需要预先给出聚类个数和初始类中心点,其选取得合适与否会直接影响最终聚类效果。该文对初始类中心和迭代类中心的选取进行大量研究,根据决策图进行初始类中心的选择,利用每个类簇的主题词向量替代均值作为迭代类中心。实验表明,该文的初始点选取方法能够准确地选取初始点,且利用主题词向量作为迭代类中心能够很好地避免噪声点和噪声特征的影响,很大程度上地提高了K-means算法的性能。

现代汉语贬抑性评价构式“破NP”研究

现代汉语中的“破NP”构式是主观性强的贬抑性评价构式,其构式义丰富,可分为直接贬抑、间接贬抑、假性贬抑、自我贬抑、反预期贬抑五种不同情况,这五种构式义与构素“NP”之间是互相选择的关系,从历时角度来看,“破NP”经过重新分析从动宾结构演变为定中结构,引发了“破”从动词到形容词的词性演变过程,最终“破”虚化为泛义形容词,“破NP”构式由此产生。在东北官话中,“破NP”构式常与方言特征鲜明的程度副词“老”结合成强贬抑性评价构式“老破NP”,“老破NP”构式又派生出“老NP”构式,属于纯粹的强贬抑性评价构式。“破NP”作为现代汉语中最常用的强贬抑性构式之一,其深层的构式义、词义演变过程及其在方言中的派生形式对于接受国际中文教育的留学生来说是很难理解的,因此我们希望通过对以上三个方面的探究修正留学生对“破NP”构式理解上的偏误,并激发留学生对中文当中其他语言现象含义及其演变过程的主动理解和探索。

《朱子语类》词语探释

语言是活的动态的,人们在一定对话语境中发出的言语或多或少所产生的语义变异由词汇语法层的不同形式来表达,具有脱口而出的“活”态。《朱子语类》是朱熹与其门人讲学问答的现场实录或事后追忆的纂辑,其所载“八字打开”“待人接物”“扛”“鲠直”“浃洽”“敛手束脚”“落窠槽”“念念不忘”“拌”“巧”“日头”“衰颓”“讨头”“习熟”“虚灵不昧”“絮”“仗节死义”“圳”“周遮”“筑磕”及相关词语既有旧言新词和历代刻本的文白差异,也有不同地域不同阶层所用词语的雅俗差异,反映了“言语意义←→语言意义”间互动交融的转化,在某种程度上也体现了语言←→人←→客观世界的错综关联及人们具体取舍的价值取向。