Government's Responsibility for Control of Agricultural Environmental Pollution in China

In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.

On the Government's Responsibility in China's Rural Land Transfer

There is an urgent need for China's rural land transfer in order to develop modern agriculture,ensure food security,transfer rural population,and accelerate industrialization and urbanization.At present,there is still disordered transfer of rural land in China,making the interests of the transferors and transferees difficult to be effectively guaranteed;there is inefficient transfer,leading to decline in actual agricultural production level after transfer;there is jobless transfer,leading to difficult placement for rural surplus labor after transfer,seriously restricting rural land transfer.Therefore,the Chinese government's legal responsibility,economic responsibility and social responsibility in rural land transfer should be further strengthened.

The Evaluation and Analysis of the Government’s Entity Responsibilities of Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Development

During the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,the chinese government,on the basis of adhering to the constitutional principle of equality between men and women,has proposed and resolutely implemented the basic state policy of equality between men and women,and constantly explored and implemented ways and measures to promote gender equality and the women’s all-round development.in enacting laws,formulating policies,drawing up plans and deploying work,the chinese government has taken into account the practical differences between the genders and the special interests of women,promoted women’s equal exercising of their democratic rights,equal participation in economic and social development and equal enjoyment of the fruits of reform and development,and provided stronger systematic and institutional guarantees for women’s development.

Corporate Governance, Sustainable Development and Value Creation Some Evidences From Italian Listed Companies

Modern corporate situations, characterized by the globalisation of the markets and of the information, highlight the need to link the potential of a not transient growth to the adequate reconciliation of all the expectations converging around the entrepreneurial formula and not only of those attributable to shareholders. In such a defined context, corporate governance tends to evolve from a situation of primary care for the expectations of shareholders （shareholder＇s view） and for the correlated financial responsibility, to a wide consideration of all the stakeholders （stakeholder＇s view） and related responsibilities （financial, environmental, social, administrative）. The correct carrying out of governance processes requires, therefore, a clear focus on sustainable development and on the related assumption of a concept of global responsibility. The decisions made by the governing bodies must be driven by the purpose to create value in the long term according to conditions of fairness and sustainable development. To sum up, this research aims to deepen the existing connections between corporate governance, sustainable development and value creation on the basis of the empirical analysis of a limited number of listed Italian companies afferent to the public utilities sector. The paper, based on a deductive approach, is composed of two distinct but strictly connected parts： the first theoretical and the second empirical. The empirical research consists of a content analysis of the most recent documents （sustainability reports and annual reports） worked out by the selected companies. The results obtained about the degree respect of sustainable development conditions by each company are linked to the related value dimension （social, economic, competitive and environmental performance） aimed at verifying if the assumption of a corporate governance approach inspired by sustainability is susceptible of favouring the company development in a medium long term. From the delivered research it emerges how public utilities that promote behaviours in line with the sustainability conditions are marked out by stable growth paths. Conversely, the companies that assume a vision mainly addressed to the economic dimension, neglecting the other areas are generally compromised in the performance realized.

CSR行为管理中政府与核心企业的进化博弈模型分析

由于对企业是否履行CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility)行为进行监督需要可观的监督成本,且对政府来说,严格的监督还可能对短期内GDP政绩指标表现造成不利影响。因此,在缺乏媒体监督的社会环境中,政府和核心企业都有不采取措施监督供应链成员履行CSR的动机。针对这一现实问题,可运用进化博弈理论,在前人研究基础上引入GDP政绩和媒体监督的环境因素,构建政府和核心企业CSR监督的进化博弈模型,对彼此博弈策略的稳定性进行分析。研究表明:政府和核心企业对供应链成员的CSR行为是否进行监督一方面取决于监督成本、公众的CSR意识、GDP政绩指标权重以及社会媒体的监督力量等因素,另一方面也与博弈对手的策略选择的概率相关。

Transcription factor EGR-1 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines

AIM: The transcription factor EGR-1 (early growth response gene-1) plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation and development. It has identified that EGR-1 has significant transformation suppression activity in some neoplasms, such as fibrosarcoma, breast carcinoma. This experiment was designed to investigate the role of egr-1 in the cancerous process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal carcinoma (EC), and then to appraise the effects of EGR-1 on the growth of these tumor cells. METHODS: Firstly, the transcription and expression of egr-1 in HCC and EC, paracancerous tissues and their normal counterpart parts were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, with normal human breast and mouse brain tissues as positive controls. Egr-1 gene was then transfected into HCC (HHCC, SMMC7721) and EC (ECa109) cell lines in which no egr-1 transcription and expression were present. The cell growth speed, FCM cell cycle, plate clone formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice were observed and the controls were the cell lines transfected with vector only. RESULTS: Little or no egr-1 transcription and expression were detected in HCC, EC and normal liver tissues. The expression of egr-1 were found higher in hepatocellular paracancerous tissue (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.143, probably because fewer in number of cases) and dysplastic tissue of esophageal cancer (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.001). The growth rate of egr-1-transfected HHCC (HCC cell line) cells and ECa109 (EC cell line) cells was much slower than that of the controls. The proportion of S phase cell, clone formation and tumorigenicity were significantly lower than these of the controls' (decreased 45.5% in HHCC cells and 34.1% in ECa109 cells; 46.6% and 41.8%; 80.4% and 72.6% respectively). There were no obvious differences between SMMC7721 (HCC) egr-1-transfected cells and the controls with regard to the above items. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of egr-1 might play a role in the dysregulation of normal growth in the cancerous process of HCC and EC. Egr-1 gene of transfected HHCC and ECa109 cells showed obvious suppression of the cell growth and malignant phenotypes, but no suppression in SMMC7721 (HCC cell line) cells.

Experimental and clinic-opathologic study on the relationship between transcription factor Egr-1 and esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To observe the growth suppression effect of exogenous introduction of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1 gene) on esophageal carcinoma tissue as well as on esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 and to explore the potential application of Egr-1 gene in gene therapy of tumor. METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vector of PCMV-Egr-1 plasmid was introduced into Eca109 cell line which expressed no Egr-1 protein originally with lipofectamine transfection method. The introduction and expression of PCMV-Egr-1 plasmid into Eca109 cell line was confirmed by G418 selection culture, PCR amplification of neogene contained in the vector, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis. The cell growth curve, soft agar colony formation rate and tumorigenicity in SCID mice were examined to demonstrate the growth suppression effect of exogenous Egr-1 gene on Eca109 cell line. The Egr-1 mRNA and Egr-1 protein were also detected in 50 surgical specimens of esophageal carcinoma by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Exogenous Egr-1 gene was introduced successfully into Eca109 cell line and expressed Egr-1 protein stably. The transfected Eca109 cell line grew more slowly than control Eca109 as shown by cell growth curves, the soft agar colony formation rate (4.0% vs 6.9%, P 【 0.01) and the average growth rate of tumor in SCID mice (35.5 +/- 7.6 vs 65.8 +/- 7.6, P 【 0.05). The expression level of Egr-1 mRNA and protein significantly increased in dysplastic epithelia adjacent to cancer rather than in cancer tissues (65.8% vs 20.0% by ISH and 57.9% vs 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exogenous Egr-1 gene shows the strong effect of growth inhibition in Eca109 cell line. Egr-1 in the cancer tissue shows down-regulated expression that supports the inhibited function of Egr-1 in cancer growth and suggests Egr-1 may have an important role in gene therapy of esophageal carcinoma.

EP+S承包模式下缺陷责任期管理程序探讨

EP+S承包模式下,各方界面矛盾突出,对于其缺陷责任期的责任划分更是复杂。为规范化EP+S承包模式的缺陷责任期管理,减少纠纷和索赔,维护各方利益,本文基于实践总结,从缺陷责任期的一般约定和组织建立出发,探讨期间的工作流程,最终给出各方的责任分工矩阵。本文对于采用EP模式的缺陷责任期工作具有一定的实践指导意义。

人工智能时代的全球治理转型与中国应对

人工智能是应用面宽广的颠覆性技术形态,极有可能重塑全球治理的基本面貌。本文基于人工智能的技术特征,认为其已经从加深不平等、加剧“泛安全化”、加重失灵危机等方面对全球治理造成了初步影响。全球治理“智变”将引致全球治理的“治变”。未来,全球治理主体的权力结构将发生深刻转型,全球治理对象将不断呈现出“不确定性风险”的新特征,全球治理模式则会加速向敏捷治理转型。中国作为全球性大国和人工智能发展大国,要积极参与全球治理新规则的竞争,丰富自身全球公共产品的供给实践并推动智能时代全球治理体系包容性改革,助力实现全球治理的健康发展。

Polish Government's Tax Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

1.Introduction The rapid spread of COVID-19 is the challenge for all the countries and their economies.The sugges-t ions presented in media show that the COVID-19 pandemic will result in recession.This seems a fairly obvious observation resulting from the growing number of infections in most countries,closing schools and workplaces and promoting social distancing measures,as well as sharp declines on global stock exchanges.

省以下事权与支出责任划分改革:现状、问题和优化路径

省以下事权与支出责任划分改革是省以下财政体制改革的重要组成部分。2018年以来,在中央和地方事权与支出责任划分改革的基础上,省以下事权与支出责任改革取得长足进展。本文基于实地调研和公开资料,剖析省以下政府间事权划分、支出责任划分以及保障标准的现状,指出当前省以下事权与支出责任划分改革存在的问题,并提出相应改革建议,包括强化省级政府事权和辖区责任,加快推进市以下政府间财政事权划分改革;合理确定省以下各级财政承担的支出责任,健全完善涉及资金政策制定出台程序;加快建立共同财政事权保障标准,基于“实物产出”考量成本因素以提升财政支出效率。

用全人类共同价值破解全球治理的价值困境

当前,全球治理面临深层次价值困境,表现为西方“普世价值”深陷重围、东西方价值冲突难以弥合、逆全球化思潮强势回归。全人类共同价值凝结了各民族价值的共性,深刻回应了人类共同面临的全球性问题,为破解全球治理的价值困境贡献了中国智慧。面对全人类共同价值国际认同不足的现实,要在加强国际合作、践行多边主义、推动文明交流以及构建人类命运共同体的过程中增进价值共识,不断深化对全球治理的价值认同。

高校党委落实管党治党主体责任的路径探析

高校党委要履行管党治党的主要职责,在高等院校管理中指导方向,组织班子、带好队伍,确保高等院校管理贯彻落实管党治党的主体责任。这是高校党委全面加强党的领导、坚持社会主义办学方向、落实立德树人根本任务的应有之义。要持之以恒地加强政治建设、思想引领、基层党组织建设、党的作风建设、干部培养、责任制度落实、“一岗双责”制度落实,为办好人民满意的高等教育提供坚强的政治保障。

养老服务本土化中政府责任的偏差及调整

政府责任的定位是养老服务发展中的核心问题。在我国养老服务发展中的每个阶段,政府的责任和特点有明显的差异性。在借鉴西方福利多元主义经验时,本土化和实践经验不足,养老服务中政府责任过度收缩和责任缺失并存。建立能促型政府是未来政府在养老服务中责任调整的方向,政府的直接服务提供责任应该缩减,而在政策支持、资金投入、服务购买和质量管理方面的责任应该加强。

论政府的控烟责任与行动

烟草是公众健康的"鸦片"。烟草业的持续繁荣发展,实质上是以对国民健康损害的扩大与加深为代价,最终对健康生产力造成巨大破坏。控烟的责任主要在政府,政府应当树立正确的代价观,制定科学的控烟战略,标本兼治,由单纯的"消费控制"转向实施生产-经营-消费的"一体化控制",为国民营造无烟草公害的绿色健康环境。

中国政府环境责任审计改革：制度变迁及其内在逻辑

本文在对中国政府环境责任审计制度变迁过程梳理的基础上,运用制度变迁理论分析我国政府环境责任审计改革的内在逻辑,揭示蕴含其中的政策启示。研究结果表明,中国政府环境责任审计每一次制度安排,都是在一定的制度环境约束下,围绕外部利润,相关利益集团利益调整或力量对比均衡的结果,中国政府环境责任审计变革具有明显的路径依赖特性,而政府环境责任履职的绩效在中国政府环境责任审计变迁过程中发挥着重要的引领作用。中国政府环境责任审计每一次变化都是对相关制度的边际调整,每一次改革的基本特征都会对未来的发展方向施加一定的影响。

中国地方政府债务权责划分:实践探索与改革建议

地方政府债务权责划分是一国分级财政体制的重要内容。实现中国地方政府债务的合法化已经成为解决当前地方政府债务问题的前提条件。地方政府债务的合法化不仅是债务融资权的界定问题,更是管理责任的归属问题。近年来中国某些地方已经开始自发地探索地方层面上的政府债务权责划分的方法。国家应尽快制定统一的法规,赋予地方政府合法举债权,但应严格控制债务规模、界定使用范围。应在财政部和省市县财政部门设立债务管理机构,明确地方政府的债务偿还及风险管理责任,加大债务监督力度。

“风险社会”保险业的功能定位

人们对于保险的认识已从最初将其作为一种风险分散的技术层面,上升到将其作为一种经济金融制度的制度层面,并最终升华至社会安全与和谐战略的哲学层面。传统的保险研究较多地从微观主体的效率和福利贡献出发,因而越来越远离了其"控制风险"的本质。随着人们从对"风险社会"性质认识到"和谐社会"构建思路的日渐明晰,我们在发展经济和控制风险的双重任务面前,还原保险业的本质功能,认清时代特征下保险业的"社会效用",将有利于认识在风险管理中政府的职责和未来保险业发展的方向。

上市公司控股股东受信义务的引入

针对我国证券市场上大量存在的控股股东通过截留、挪用等行为侵占上市公司资金和利用非公允关联交易、操纵公司重大决定等方式损害上市公司及中小股东利益的现象,我国《民法通则》、《公司法》以及一些行政规章虽然对此有所规制,但规制大多集中在对董事等高级管理人员的责任追究上,而对操纵董事会及公司高管的控股股东或实际控制人的责任追究明显不足。本文认为,引入英美法系国家的受信义务,可以弥补现有法律对控股股东规制不足的缺陷。

全球环境治理体系:发展演变、困境及未来走向

全球环境危机的频发以及应对全球环境合作的不断深入,推动全球环境治理从无到有,参与国家从少数到多个,参与方式从被动到主动融入,全球环境治理体系呈现出超脱性、自觉性、无界性、矛盾性、多维性等特征。由于不同国家之间既合作又竞争,既有全球环境改善的共识,又有个体利益分歧,以及缺乏监督和协调不畅等,全球环境治理体系陷入矛盾与困境中。在未来的全球环境治理体系中,应坚持"共同但有区别的责任"原则,充分发挥权力机制、市场机制和社会机制的共同作用,倡导包容性理念,鼓励多方主体参与,确保全球环境治理目标的实现。