We used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity(PPP)hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015.We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test ...We used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity(PPP)hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015.We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test as proposed by Pesaran(J Appl Econ 22:265-312,2007).For panel cointegration analysis,we employed the four error-correction-based Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)panel cointegration tests.The Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)tests are general enough to permit a large degree of heterogeneity,both in the long-run cointegrating relationship and in the short-run dynamics,and dependence within as well as across the cross-sectional units.To check the robustness of the results,we further estimated the cointegration test excluding Indonesia and Brunei.The findings support our initial results.Further,all the results overwhelmingly support the relative PPP hypothesis.Consequently,the monetary authority would be able to implement a self-regulating monetary policy.It would also be able to control the exchange rates.展开更多
Developing countries as Mexico lack their own emission factors for thermoelectric power plants, so they have the need to develop them, considering specific operation conditions for each plant. This study develops spec...Developing countries as Mexico lack their own emission factors for thermoelectric power plants, so they have the need to develop them, considering specific operation conditions for each plant. This study develops specific emission factors in Mexico for： sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and particles, for thermoelectric power plants that use fuel oil. This work was necessary due to the differences found between the measured and the calculated emissions, using emission factors of different agencies, such as, US-EPA （Environmental Protection Agency of the United States）, IPCC （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）, and UK-NAEI （National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory of the United Kingdom）. The new emission factors were used to calculate the emissions of a thermoelectric power plant in Mexico. The comparisons between the measured and the calculated emissions （with the new emission factors） for 502, particles and NO2 were not significantly different （p 〉 0.05）.展开更多
A land-sea composite state is a state based on land,close to the continental margin,with a long coastline and a certain degree of influence.In the development of sea-land complex countries,there are respective situati...A land-sea composite state is a state based on land,close to the continental margin,with a long coastline and a certain degree of influence.In the development of sea-land complex countries,there are respective situations and strategic dilemmas in sea rights.Sea rights are closely linked to national destiny,and after years of development,experience and lessons are both present.France is a representative land and sea composite state.Its thought on sea rights has profound historical value and has made unique contributions to the development of global sea rights theory.Therefore,this paper takes the development of France’s sea power as a blueprint and studies the development of France’s sea power on land and sea composite countries,discusses the rise and fall of France’s sea power,and provides reference for China’s sea power strategy research.展开更多
Chen Wen is extremely fond of edible fungus.Whenever he speaks of it,hecan go on for hours,even while standing in harsh conditions on the QinghaiTibet Plateau nearly 3,000 meters above sea level with the temperature n...Chen Wen is extremely fond of edible fungus.Whenever he speaks of it,hecan go on for hours,even while standing in harsh conditions on the QinghaiTibet Plateau nearly 3,000 meters above sea level with the temperature nearly freezing.His eyes are always sparkling and full of enthusiasm,with a powerful dream fueling him from the bottom of his heart.He hopes that one day,Richi Village’s展开更多
This paper presents issues and trepidations associated with transferring from conventional methods of electricity monitoring and distribution to the cyberspace, especially in developing countries like Nigeria where cu...This paper presents issues and trepidations associated with transferring from conventional methods of electricity monitoring and distribution to the cyberspace, especially in developing countries like Nigeria where current approaches have failed to provide regular, reliable electric power. The Smart Power Grid is a developing concept already put to test, successfully, in very advanced countries. The implementation of the Smart Grid will include the deployment of many new technologies and multiple communication infrastructures. Connecting the electricity grid to the Internet can provide a lot of advantages in terms of control, data viewing and generation. However, in Nigeria, the proposal to transfer conventional methods to the Smart Grid has perhaps not hit the deck yet because of excessive focus on power generation, and because of the annotated reservations associated with the Internet, as the Smart Grid involves circulation and dispersal via inter-networking structures. This paper describes the key technologies that support Power Grid substation automation, summarizes the mode of implementation into the existing Nigerian electrical infrastructure and brings fore issues and mitigating approaches to provide a seamless and securitised transfer of the current power grid to the Smart Grid.展开更多
Do you know the old Arab story about a bird called the phoenix? First it burned to death. Then it came back to life. That doesn’t soundbelievable, does it? But there is an example of thephoenix in our own time: The U...Do you know the old Arab story about a bird called the phoenix? First it burned to death. Then it came back to life. That doesn’t soundbelievable, does it? But there is an example of thephoenix in our own time: The United Nations. In 1945,it brought the dream of world peace back to life againafter World War Ⅱ. Since the day of its birth, the United Nations hasbeen the subject of much debate. Some people attackthe organization because they think it is too powerful.展开更多
The worldwide tremor of environmental degradation commonly represents the escalation of emissions levels and ecological footprints that harm the planet’s biocapacity.This is because of using gigantic non-renewable en...The worldwide tremor of environmental degradation commonly represents the escalation of emissions levels and ecological footprints that harm the planet’s biocapacity.This is because of using gigantic non-renewable energy resources,urbanization stream and massive economic activities in the major industrialized nations.Amid this situation,we investigate the influence of disaggregated energy measures,e.g.,renewable,and nuclear energy,income growth and urbanization on the load capacity factor(biocapacity divided by the ecological footprint)of major nuclear power countries,such as France,the USA,Canada,China,and Russia during 1990-2021.To this end,we utilize the CS-ARDL procedure because of the endogeneity,common correlation,non-stationarity in data and heterogeneity in panel units.We contribute to considering the supply side dynamic of environmental degradation parameter,the load capacity,from the perspective of the top nuclear power nations that deviates our analysis from the prevailing scholarly works.However,our findings confirm a significantly positive impact of renewable and nuclear energy on the load capacity factor in improving environmental safety.Besides,economic growth and urbanization negatively affect the load capacity dynamics in spurring environmental degradation.Our findings are robust across an alternative estimation technique,namely the Dumitrescu and Hurlin(DH)causation analysis.Therefore,we recommend formulating pragmatic policies to deter the detrimental effects of income and urbanization by properly utilizing sustainable energy resources to conserve the natural environment.展开更多
Economic studies on the new quality productive forces NQPF are mushrooming, however, on the whole, the majority of existing studies primarily focus on revealing and summarizing the economic laws guiding the developmen...Economic studies on the new quality productive forces NQPF are mushrooming, however, on the whole, the majority of existing studies primarily focus on revealing and summarizing the economic laws guiding the development of NQPF based on the“general”characteristics of individual organizations at the microlevel and institutions at the macro level. This paper argues that the background of “getting great” and the competition scenario between countries determine that “heterogeneity” is the most relevant and theoretically challenging issue in the NQPF, and also the most likely to yield significant academic outcomes. In view of the fact that the existing problem setting, conceptual framework, and analytical tools of existing eccomics fail to effectively address the unique prescriptive phenomena of NQPF, including direct competition between countries, power countries, and heterogeneity, future academic research on new quality productive forces should go beyond the current “general” issues orientation, directly address the extreme phenomena and problems in the “genesis” stage in the latest round of scientific and technological revolution, and strive to push forward the frontiers of theoretical research.展开更多
Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the...Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the world. There is no definition of national rejuvenation： nobody knows what it will look like. According to the Chinese leadership, the future models must be found from domestic soil and tradition. Traditionally, China was seen as a civilization at the center of All-Under- Heaven, a non-hegemonic power which relied to force only in order to protect itself against outside aggression. There are two upcoming centennials that serve as major milestones along the way to the rejuvenation, namely the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in 2021, and the establishment of the People＇s Republic in 2049. The celebrations then will reveal if China follows this ancient tradition of benevolence, peacefulness and wisdom.展开更多
The problem of power system planning, due to its complexity and dimensionality, is one of the most challenging problems facing the electric power industry in developing as well as developed countries. In planning phas...The problem of power system planning, due to its complexity and dimensionality, is one of the most challenging problems facing the electric power industry in developing as well as developed countries. In planning phase, two of the most important decision-making parameters are the reliability and costs. The latter includes both system investment costs and outages costs. In this paper, these parameters are described and the interrelation between them is evaluated. Some previous approaches and developed techniques will he applied to a particular planning problem in a developing country and some aspects having a significant impact on the decision making process in the planning phase will be considered.展开更多
China is a large, developing economy now entering the second half of the intermediate stage of industrialization. It is inadequate for China at this time to perceive industrial development as a part of its industrial ...China is a large, developing economy now entering the second half of the intermediate stage of industrialization. It is inadequate for China at this time to perceive industrial development as a part of its industrial strategy. Rather, industrial development should be discussed and developed using a wider lens, as part of state strategy and responding to national conditions. This paper argues that, for China to progress further, it must transition from being simply a large industrial country to being a true industrial power. The paper presents characteristics and indicators that describe the world＇s industrial powers. China should focus strategically on development via invigorating industry - this idea and its related objectives, key tasks, and policy directions make up the Industry-Invigorating-China Strategy. The author prediets that China will develop the basic qualities of an industrial power by 2020, and it will achieve full industrial power status by 2040.展开更多
基金We do not receive any financial assistance from any agency.All the cost associated with preparing article bear by authors solely.
文摘We used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity(PPP)hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015.We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test as proposed by Pesaran(J Appl Econ 22:265-312,2007).For panel cointegration analysis,we employed the four error-correction-based Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)panel cointegration tests.The Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)tests are general enough to permit a large degree of heterogeneity,both in the long-run cointegrating relationship and in the short-run dynamics,and dependence within as well as across the cross-sectional units.To check the robustness of the results,we further estimated the cointegration test excluding Indonesia and Brunei.The findings support our initial results.Further,all the results overwhelmingly support the relative PPP hypothesis.Consequently,the monetary authority would be able to implement a self-regulating monetary policy.It would also be able to control the exchange rates.
文摘Developing countries as Mexico lack their own emission factors for thermoelectric power plants, so they have the need to develop them, considering specific operation conditions for each plant. This study develops specific emission factors in Mexico for： sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and particles, for thermoelectric power plants that use fuel oil. This work was necessary due to the differences found between the measured and the calculated emissions, using emission factors of different agencies, such as, US-EPA （Environmental Protection Agency of the United States）, IPCC （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）, and UK-NAEI （National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory of the United Kingdom）. The new emission factors were used to calculate the emissions of a thermoelectric power plant in Mexico. The comparisons between the measured and the calculated emissions （with the new emission factors） for 502, particles and NO2 were not significantly different （p 〉 0.05）.
文摘A land-sea composite state is a state based on land,close to the continental margin,with a long coastline and a certain degree of influence.In the development of sea-land complex countries,there are respective situations and strategic dilemmas in sea rights.Sea rights are closely linked to national destiny,and after years of development,experience and lessons are both present.France is a representative land and sea composite state.Its thought on sea rights has profound historical value and has made unique contributions to the development of global sea rights theory.Therefore,this paper takes the development of France’s sea power as a blueprint and studies the development of France’s sea power on land and sea composite countries,discusses the rise and fall of France’s sea power,and provides reference for China’s sea power strategy research.
文摘Chen Wen is extremely fond of edible fungus.Whenever he speaks of it,hecan go on for hours,even while standing in harsh conditions on the QinghaiTibet Plateau nearly 3,000 meters above sea level with the temperature nearly freezing.His eyes are always sparkling and full of enthusiasm,with a powerful dream fueling him from the bottom of his heart.He hopes that one day,Richi Village’s
文摘This paper presents issues and trepidations associated with transferring from conventional methods of electricity monitoring and distribution to the cyberspace, especially in developing countries like Nigeria where current approaches have failed to provide regular, reliable electric power. The Smart Power Grid is a developing concept already put to test, successfully, in very advanced countries. The implementation of the Smart Grid will include the deployment of many new technologies and multiple communication infrastructures. Connecting the electricity grid to the Internet can provide a lot of advantages in terms of control, data viewing and generation. However, in Nigeria, the proposal to transfer conventional methods to the Smart Grid has perhaps not hit the deck yet because of excessive focus on power generation, and because of the annotated reservations associated with the Internet, as the Smart Grid involves circulation and dispersal via inter-networking structures. This paper describes the key technologies that support Power Grid substation automation, summarizes the mode of implementation into the existing Nigerian electrical infrastructure and brings fore issues and mitigating approaches to provide a seamless and securitised transfer of the current power grid to the Smart Grid.
文摘Do you know the old Arab story about a bird called the phoenix? First it burned to death. Then it came back to life. That doesn’t soundbelievable, does it? But there is an example of thephoenix in our own time: The United Nations. In 1945,it brought the dream of world peace back to life againafter World War Ⅱ. Since the day of its birth, the United Nations hasbeen the subject of much debate. Some people attackthe organization because they think it is too powerful.
文摘The worldwide tremor of environmental degradation commonly represents the escalation of emissions levels and ecological footprints that harm the planet’s biocapacity.This is because of using gigantic non-renewable energy resources,urbanization stream and massive economic activities in the major industrialized nations.Amid this situation,we investigate the influence of disaggregated energy measures,e.g.,renewable,and nuclear energy,income growth and urbanization on the load capacity factor(biocapacity divided by the ecological footprint)of major nuclear power countries,such as France,the USA,Canada,China,and Russia during 1990-2021.To this end,we utilize the CS-ARDL procedure because of the endogeneity,common correlation,non-stationarity in data and heterogeneity in panel units.We contribute to considering the supply side dynamic of environmental degradation parameter,the load capacity,from the perspective of the top nuclear power nations that deviates our analysis from the prevailing scholarly works.However,our findings confirm a significantly positive impact of renewable and nuclear energy on the load capacity factor in improving environmental safety.Besides,economic growth and urbanization negatively affect the load capacity dynamics in spurring environmental degradation.Our findings are robust across an alternative estimation technique,namely the Dumitrescu and Hurlin(DH)causation analysis.Therefore,we recommend formulating pragmatic policies to deter the detrimental effects of income and urbanization by properly utilizing sustainable energy resources to conserve the natural environment.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China,a major project of the National Social Science Foundation of China,Research on the Construction of Breakthrough Innovation Policy System underTrade Barriers(20&ZD108).
文摘Economic studies on the new quality productive forces NQPF are mushrooming, however, on the whole, the majority of existing studies primarily focus on revealing and summarizing the economic laws guiding the development of NQPF based on the“general”characteristics of individual organizations at the microlevel and institutions at the macro level. This paper argues that the background of “getting great” and the competition scenario between countries determine that “heterogeneity” is the most relevant and theoretically challenging issue in the NQPF, and also the most likely to yield significant academic outcomes. In view of the fact that the existing problem setting, conceptual framework, and analytical tools of existing eccomics fail to effectively address the unique prescriptive phenomena of NQPF, including direct competition between countries, power countries, and heterogeneity, future academic research on new quality productive forces should go beyond the current “general” issues orientation, directly address the extreme phenomena and problems in the “genesis” stage in the latest round of scientific and technological revolution, and strive to push forward the frontiers of theoretical research.
文摘Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the world. There is no definition of national rejuvenation： nobody knows what it will look like. According to the Chinese leadership, the future models must be found from domestic soil and tradition. Traditionally, China was seen as a civilization at the center of All-Under- Heaven, a non-hegemonic power which relied to force only in order to protect itself against outside aggression. There are two upcoming centennials that serve as major milestones along the way to the rejuvenation, namely the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in 2021, and the establishment of the People＇s Republic in 2049. The celebrations then will reveal if China follows this ancient tradition of benevolence, peacefulness and wisdom.
文摘The problem of power system planning, due to its complexity and dimensionality, is one of the most challenging problems facing the electric power industry in developing as well as developed countries. In planning phase, two of the most important decision-making parameters are the reliability and costs. The latter includes both system investment costs and outages costs. In this paper, these parameters are described and the interrelation between them is evaluated. Some previous approaches and developed techniques will he applied to a particular planning problem in a developing country and some aspects having a significant impact on the decision making process in the planning phase will be considered.
文摘China is a large, developing economy now entering the second half of the intermediate stage of industrialization. It is inadequate for China at this time to perceive industrial development as a part of its industrial strategy. Rather, industrial development should be discussed and developed using a wider lens, as part of state strategy and responding to national conditions. This paper argues that, for China to progress further, it must transition from being simply a large industrial country to being a true industrial power. The paper presents characteristics and indicators that describe the world＇s industrial powers. China should focus strategically on development via invigorating industry - this idea and its related objectives, key tasks, and policy directions make up the Industry-Invigorating-China Strategy. The author prediets that China will develop the basic qualities of an industrial power by 2020, and it will achieve full industrial power status by 2040.
