Norms of Dual Complex Vectors and Dual Complex Matrices

In this paper,we investigate some properties of dual complex numbers,dual complex vectors,and dual complex matrices.First,based on the magnitude of the dual complex number,we study the Young inequality,the Hölder inequality,and the Minkowski inequality in the setting of dual complex numbers.Second,we define the p-norm of a dual complex vector,which is a nonnegative dual number,and show some related properties.Third,we study the properties of eigenvalues of unitary matrices and unitary triangulation of arbitrary dual complex matrices.In particular,we introduce the operator norm of dual complex matrices induced by the p-norm of dual complex vectors,and give expressions of three important operator norms of dual complex matrices.

Implementation and Evaluation of Dual-Purpose Normal and Disaster Situations System Based on Delay and Disruption Tolerant Bluetooth MANETs

Dual-purpose systems for both normal and disaster situations are necessary for providing continuous services from normal situations to disaster situations. We have been developing the dual-purposed systems based on the assurance network design principle. The assurance network design principle makes the dual-purpose systems work stably in both normal and disaster situations. This paper proposes a connectivity-dependent data propagation scheme, in which each terminal transfers data adaptively by wireless multi-hop data transfer or store-and-forward data transfer depending on whether the terminal has connections to its neighboring terminals. To verify the resilience against disconnection among neighboring terminals, we show field experimental results on data propagation time. Also we propose the dual-purpose system, in which there are two types of graphical user interface (GUI) for both situations. Whenever each terminal receives a special packet in disaster situations, the GUI automatically switches from one type for normal situations to another type for disaster situations. We have unified these two types of GUI so that users can understand how to use them even when GUI is automatically switched. To validate feasibility of the dual-purpose normal and disaster situations system, we show experimental results on dissemination of assessment information and automatical switching of GUIs.

Effects of Fleckvieh on the Performance of Dual-Purpose Cattle Improved by Hybridization with Local Beef Cows

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the improved effect of local beef cattle with Fleckvieh cattle and provide theoretical basic data for local cattle industry in central plain agricultural area in China. [Method] With 500 local beef cattle as female parents and Fleckvieh cattle as male parents,hybridization improvement was conducted via artificial insemination. The growth performance,slaughter performance,milk performance and milk components of F1 and F2 hybrids were measured. [Result] The birth body weights of F2 were significantly higher than those of local beef cow,but there was no remarkable difference between F1 and local beef cow or F1 and F2. The growth rates of F1 and F2 at different stages were higher than those of local beef cattle. The slaughter performance,such as carcass weight( P < 0. 05),dressing percentage,net meat rate( P < 0. 05),marbling score of F1 and F2 were higher than those of local beef cow. Milk production performance,such as actual milk yield,305 d corrected milk yield and 4% standard milk yield of F2 were signally higher than those of F1 and local beef cattle( P< 0. 05),and F1 was markedly higher than local beef cattle( P < 0. 05). For milk composition,although milk fat percentage,milk protein rate,lactose rate and total solids( TS) of F1 and F2 were slightly lowered compared with local beef cattle at varying degrees,they were still at high levels compared with Holstein cows.[Conclusion]Fleckvieh cattle,as a male parent,can significantly improved growth performance,slaughter performance and milk performance of offsprings. It would also increases the economic efficiency of local beef cattle by higher quality and price,as well as changing production model from beef to dual purpose of beef and milk.

BANACH SPACES AND INEQUALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH NEW GENERALIZATION OF CESàRO MATRIX

Let the triangle matrix A^(ru)be a generalization of the Cesàro matrix and U∈{c_(0),c,l_(∞)}.In this study,we essentially deal with the space U(A^(ru))defined by the domain of A^(ru)in the space U and give the bases,and determine the Kothe-Toeplitz,generalized K?theToeplitz and bounded-duals of the space U(A^(ru)).We characterize the classes(l_(∞)(A^(ru)):l_(∞)),(l_(∞)(A^(ru)):c),(c(A^(ru)):c),and(U:V(A^(ru)))of infinite matrices,where V denotes any given sequence space.Additionally,we also present a Steinhaus type theorem.As an another result of this study,we investigate the l_(p)-norm of the matrix A^(ru)and as a result obtaining a generalized version of Hardy's inequality,and some inclusion relations.Moreover,we compute the norm of well-known operators on the matrix domain l_(p)(A^(ru)).

An inquiry into the nature of CET band IV

CET band IV was classified from two angles of the test purpose and way of dealing with scores.

Oilseed-Vegetable-Dual-Purpose Rape Key Technology Research and Its Application Prospect Analysis

This paper mainly studied on the key cultivation technology of oilseed-vegetable-dual-purpose rape, experiments with laboratory testing, including the research of suitable height of harvesting shoot, the degree of harvesting shoot, the contrast experiment of large blocks, nutrition structure analysis of shoot. Harvesting shoot have a certain impact on yield and agronomic traits, but its total economic benefit is very significant, and is a rape synergistic technology good for promotion, having broad application prospects.

Dual Quaternions and Dual Quaternion Vectors

We introduce a total order and an absolute value function for dual numbers.The absolute value function of dual numbers takes dual number values,and has properties similar to those of the absolute value function of real numbers.We define the magnitude of a dual quaternion,as a dual number.Based upon these,we extend 1-norm,co-norm,and 2-norm to dual quaternion vectors.

Effect of grazing time and intensity on growth and yield of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

A simulated grazing field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of timing and intensity of grazing on the growth and yield of a mid-late maturing spring wheat(cv. Flanker) under different watering regimes, at Wagga Wagga in southeastern Australia. The experiment was a factorial design of watering regime and pasture "grazing" as factors, with three replications. The two watering regimes were rainfed(R) and supplemental irrigation(I). There were four simulated grazing treatments: no grazing, "crash" grazing by mowing to 5 cm height on 13 June(Cut1-5), "crash" grazing by mowing to 5 cm on 15 July(Cut2-5) and "clip" grazing by mowing to 15 cm height on 15 July(Cut2-15). The lowest dry matter(simulated grazing) was obtained from RCut1-5(0.13 t ha^(–1)) and the highest(0.86 t ha^(–1)) was from ICut2-5. There was no significant difference(P<0.05) among the grain yields of the grazing treatments in the respective watering regimes. However, there was significant difference(P<0.05) between the grain yields of the rainfed(3.60 t ha^(–1)) and irrigated(6.0 t ha^(–1)) treatments. Under both watering regimes, the highest grain yield was obtained from the late "clip" grazings: 3.79 t ha^(–1)(RCut2-15) for rainfed and 6.47 t ha^(–1)(ICut2-15) for irrigated treatments. The lowest grain yield for the rainfed treatment was 3.26 t ha^(–1)(RCut1-5) and for the irrigated treatments, the lowest grain yield was 5.50 t ha^(–1)(ICut2-5). Harvest index(HI) was not significantly affected(P>0.05) by either the watering regime or grazing. Seed weight was significantly(P<0.05) affected both by the watering regime and grazing with the lowest value for 1 000-seed weight of 30.05 g(RCut2-5) and the highest value of 38.00 g(ICut2-15). Water use efficiency was significantly(P<0.05) affected both by the watering regime and grazing with the lowest value of 9.94 kg ha^(–1) mm^(–1)(ICut2-5) and the highest value 13.43 kg ha^(–1) mm^(–1)(RCut2-5). By "crash" grazing late(just before stem elongation stage) to a height of 5 cm, a significantly higher(P<0.05) above ground dry matter can be grazed without significantly affecting the yield both in seasons with low amount of rainfall and high amount of rainfall(irrigated in this study) although in a wet season a slightly lower(15% lower) grain yield is obtained relative to "clip grazing" to 15 cm height. Grazing of mid-late maturing wheat cultivars has the potential to fill the feed gap without significantly affecting grain yield.

Thoughts and Practice on Some Problems about Research and Application of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temperature responses and the unsuitable site selection for male sterile line and hybrid dce seed production. In order to efficiently and accurately use dual-purpose genic male sterile lines, four types, including PTGMS （photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice）, TGMS （thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice）, reverse PTGMS and reverse TGMS, were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in dual-purpose hybrid rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in the cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes and photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones. The minor-effect genes with accumulative effect on sterility were important factors that affected the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of dual-purpose lines, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made and the identification method for the characterization of photoperiod and temperature responses of PTGMS should also be put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of seed production.

Utilization of Annual Warm-Season Grasses as a Biofuel Source and Feedstock By-Product

Annual warm-season grasses such as forage sorghum, sorghum × sudangrass hybrid and sundangrass are highly productive and valuable feed crops (rotational crop and silage). In addition, sugar in the stems of these warm-season grasses can be extracted and fermented, while the cellulose in the bagasse (pressed stalk) can be used for feedstock or cellulosic ethanol, making them versatile to both the forage and biofuel industry. Twelve annual warm-season grasses including forage sorghums, sudangrass, sorghum × sudangrass hybrid, and pearl millet were planted in 1.82 m × 3.35 m plots, harvested and treated as silage and hay before and after sap removal. Dry matter (DM) yield from a single harvest in 2011 and 2012 were collected and analyzed. Further analysis from the varieties includes evaluation for sap production, OBrix, crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). Forage quality in silage was negatively affected by removing the sap before ensiling, producing quality similar to that of the hay samples. Sugar yields (SY) were not comparable to sweet sorghum yields reported in the literature, but when considering SY along with bagasse yield a few varieties may offer the potential as a dual purpose crop.

A Dual Approach for Solving Nonlinear Infinity-Norm Minimization Problems with Applications in Separable Cases

In this paper,we consider nonlinear infinity-norm minimization problems.We device a reliable Lagrangian dual approach for solving this kind of problems and based on this method we propose an algorithm for the mixed linear and nonlinear infinity- norm minimization problems.Numerical results are presented.

油蔬两用油菜品种的品质与产量评价

为促进油菜油蔬两用技术的推广,对18个油蔬两用油菜品种的菜薹产量、不摘薹和摘薹后菜籽产量等性状,以及菜薹的粗纤维、可溶性糖、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、硒质量分数和食味得分等品质性状进行统计,开展主成分分析和聚类分析,并计算各品种的综合产值.结果表明:11个性状可综合为6个主成分,18个品种可划分为3个类群;基于产量和品质特征确定了3个总产值高的品种赣油杂8号、邡油777和沣油958以及1个优质高产品种渝南油683,结果可为重庆地区油菜油蔬两用技术的推广提供种质基础和数据支撑.

“双碳”背景下减污降碳协同治理的法治保障研究——结构功能主义的分析视角

实现碳达峰碳中和是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革,同时也对中国国家治理体系和治理能力提出了新要求。综合考量中国当下生态环境和经济发展的现实情况,温室气体和环境污染物的产生具有一定的同源性,“以实现减污降碳协同增效为总抓手”具有合理性和科学性。从结构功能主义视角看,减污降碳协同治理的法治保障关涉价值理念、立法、法律实施以及多元参与四个维度。从法律的规范逻辑出发,以结构功能主义分析方法为进路,强调系统思维,借助AGIL图式分析,从纵向分化与横向交换两个维度全面检视减污降碳协同治理存在的架构缺失、功能离散、动力不足等问题;整合减污降碳协同治理中相互分离的社会实体,在明确绿色低碳原则、效能原则、综合调整原则的基础上,构建减污降碳协同治理的法律和政策体系,健全刚柔兼济的法律实施机制,推进建立网格化多元共治格局,以期为减污降碳协同增效的实现提供法治保障。

多用途低温低密水泥浆体系室内研究及应用

多用途低温低密水泥浆体系,以G级油井水泥为基质,以人造玻璃微珠及火山灰活性胶凝材料为减轻材料,并辅其他功能性添加剂构建而成。体系以固相悬浮为基础模型,以紧密堆积技术为基本理论。通过优化颗粒级配提高单位体积水泥浆中的固相体积分数。减轻材料的使用进一步减少了固相颗粒间的游离水,降低水灰比,增强水泥石的致密性,降低渗透率,促进水泥石早期强度发展。现场应用结果表明,在不改变水泥浆体系材料种类的基础上,水泥浆配浆密度可实现1.4 g/cm^(3)与1.5 g/cm^(3)转换,同时可实现淡水配浆及海水配浆双液体作业;水泥浆适用温度范围为30~80℃;具有良好的浆体流动性,API失水可控,自由水为零,早期强度高,稠化时间可调。

《能源法》绿化的理论阐释与制度表达

法律体系在整体上的绿化转型,已经成为我国生态文明新时代立法发展完善的明确趋势,《能源法》的绿化也势在必行。《能源法》的绿化不仅体现为时代发展的外部需要,更是一种内生的制度需求。《能源法》的绿化应坚持异质思维、协同思维和系统思维,异质思维主要解决《能源法》绿化的基本定位问题,协同思维主要体现《能源法》的目标取向问题,系统思维主要明确《能源法》绿化的立法表达问题。《能源法》绿化的系统表达,应体现在多元立法目的并进、结构性制度优化以及衔接性规范设计等不同立法层次。

《论语》英译中的翻译规范——以理雅各英译本为例

翻译规范影响译者的翻译选择与翻译策略的应用,对整个翻译过程都起到指导作用。从翻译规范的角度考察理雅各《论语》英译本,发现理雅各既遵循翻译规范,又违反翻译规范,其前提是翻译规范是否契合翻译目的,合则遵循,不合则违反。理雅各的翻译实践表明,当翻译规范能帮助译者达成翻译目的时,译者应当固守翻译规范;反之,译者应当在忠实于原文的基础上发挥译者主体性,译出原作的神韵,以达到传播源语文化的目的。翻译规范只是手段,不是目的。要译出传世之作,译者既需要遵循规范,又需要从心所欲,不逾矩。

“规范保护目的论”:数字经济时代反垄断的新应对

数字经济时代反垄断面临的挑战需要探究新的应对策略。面对反垄断文本模糊引致规范准确适用难题、文本竞合造成规范选择适用障碍的双重挑战,“规范保护目的论”因其发展轨迹及外在功能,可为解决数字经济时代反垄断的挑战提供有益借鉴。出于尊重差异、预防滥用的考量,“规范保护目的论”适用于反垄断领域应遵循类型化的基本要求。依循数字经济时代垄断纠纷与反垄断法律规范文本之间的关系,可得出数字经济时代反垄断领域“规范保护目的论”的三种场景化适用路径:文本明确时补强适用、文本模糊时解释适用、文本竞合时选择适用。

鲜食加工兼用型椰子种质鉴定和综合评价

为了筛选鲜食加工兼用椰子种质,为椰子种质资源鉴定和兼用型新品种选育提供参考,对44份椰子种质8月龄及12月龄果的33个果实性状指标进行测定和变异分析、聚类分析,对其中18个性状进行相关性分析,对9个主要性状开展主成分分析,并对种质进行综合评价。变异分析结果表明,8月龄果性状的变异系数为9.97%~37.16%,12月龄果性状的变异系数为8.90%~41.28%;聚类分析表明,根据8月龄及12月龄果性状均可将44份种质分成三大类,分别为椰水糖度高、中、低3类及椰肉占比高、中、低3类;相关性分析结果表明,18个性状之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中12月龄果椰肉占比与椰果质量、椰果长、椰果宽存在显著负相关,但是8月龄、12月龄果的椰水糖度与其他性状间均无显著相关性;主成分分析表明,9个性状可以简化为3个主成分,累积贡献率达到83.896%;通过综合评价筛选出10份鲜食加工综合性状优良的椰子种质。分析结果说明44份椰子种质在果实性状方面具有丰富的多样性,聚类分析为选择不同特点的种质提供了选择范围,果实性状之间存在大量的显著相关性,筛选出V405、Y224、Y261等10份综合表现较好的种质,为兼用型种质创制和新品种培育提供了基础材料。

9个不同使用类型木薯品系在合浦县的适应性研究

为筛选适宜在合浦县推广的木薯品系,本研究以主栽品种‘南植199’为对照,对9个木薯新品系的生物学特性进行了观察,并测定其农艺性状和经济性状,同时进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个品系分枝角度小、块根长度适中和主茎高度中等以上;‘RC4’的块根产量显著高于对照,其余8个品系与对照差异不显著;‘RC4’等8个品系的淀粉产量高于对照;9个品系的淀粉含量高于对照,其中‘RC3’等5个品系的淀粉含量显著或极显著高于对照;9个木薯品系的直链淀粉含量显著或极显著低于对照‘;RC6’等6个品系的氢氰酸含量低于50 mg/kg。相关性分析结果表明:块根产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、块根直径呈极显著正相关,与茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉含量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗、块根直径、块根产量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合来看,这9个木薯新品系的综合表现良好,适合在合浦县进行推广。其中‘,RC3’、‘RC4’和‘RC7’可作为加工型品系;‘RC5’和‘RC10’可作为食用品系;‘RC2’、‘RC6’、‘RC11’和‘RC12’可作为鲜食加工兼用品系;‘RC2’和‘RC5’作为食用品系具有很好的推广前景。

川南丘陵区油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜品种筛选试验

为筛选适合川南丘陵区种植、综合生产效率高的油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜品种,以‘狮山菜薹’‘20崇1-2’‘20崇1-3’‘宜早油1号’‘宜杂16-5873’‘宜杂16-5717’‘宜杂16-5744’‘宜杂18-5630’‘宜杂18-5716’‘宜杂19-3718’‘宜杂19-3719’11个甘蓝型油菜新品种(品系)为材料,分析了各品种的生育期、菜籽产量、菜薹产量及综合经济效益。结果表明,‘宜杂16-5717’‘宜早油1号’‘宜杂16-5873’综合经济效益最高,适合作为油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜品种在川南丘陵区示范应用。油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜品种的推广,有利于提高广大农户种植油菜的积极性和川南油菜经济效益。