Study on Community Care Needs and Influencing Factors of the Urban Elderly in Shandong Province, China

Objective: To understand community care needs of the urban elderly in Shandong Province. To analysis the influencing factors and community care needs of the urban elderly in Shandong Province. Methods: Shandong Province was divided into four levels according to the level of economic development, multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used. Each city collected the old aged 60 years or older served by 5 community health service centers. A total of 3390 questionnaires were distributed, the recovery rate was 100%, it had 3363 effective questionnaires, and an effective rate was 99.20%. SPSS17.0 software was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Analysis results show that, the influencing factors of community care needs of health promotion dimension have medical time (t = 3.239, P = 0.001) and EQ-5D score (t = 9.104, P - 6.239, P - 17.276, P - 3.762, P - 8.341, P Conclusions: Community care needs of the urban elderly in Shandong Province are at a medium level and have many influencing factors, the scores of each dimension from high to low are health promotion, disease care and disease prevention. In community nursing work, we should meet the care needs of the elderly, we need to enhance elderly self-care and safety awareness and promote the physical and mental health of the elderly.

The research of the community-home elderly long-term care service system

With the rapid development of the aging of the population, the demand of long-term care services in the elderly is growing. Because of family miniaturization, core, and currently limited social accumulation are difficult to meet the demand of the elderly in long-term care.Community provides the elderly long-term care services, and provides the elderly all kinds of household helping services. They just make up for the inadequacy of the family and society.And how to make the community elderly long-term care services become more suitable for the needs of the elderly at home, provide better service for the elderly, are our current problems to be solved.

Coupling and Coordination Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Livable Environment System for the Elderly in China

The construction of a livable environment for the elderly is an important measure to address the challenges of aging and improve their livelihood and well-being.Based on China’s national conditions and combined with the actual development needs of the cities,it is of great significance to explore the coupling and coordination characteristics and influencing factors within the livable environment system for the elderly for the coordination and stable development.This article was based on the three subsystems of’living service environment,socioeconomic environment and ecological livable environment’,following the research framework of’process-pattern-trend-impact’,constructs an evaluation index system for the livable environment for the elderly.Entropy weight-TOPSIS evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,center of gravity and standard deviation ellipse model and the geographic detector model were used starting from the evolution of coupling coordination types to study the spatial and temporal pattern and dynamic trend characteristics and influencing factors of internal coupling coordination types in the livable environment system for the elderly from2010 to 2019.The results showed that:1)The coordinated development of life service environment system and ecological livable environment system(LE)and socioeconomic environment system and ecological livable environment system(SE)in the livable environment for the elderly decreased from the intermediate coordination level coordination areas to the low-level quality improvement and optimization areas:coordinated transition type.The overall development level of life service environment system and socioeconomic environment system(LS)was low,and it was always at a low level.2)The coupling degree of livable environment system for the elderly was high,the coupling coordination type shown a gradually decreasing layer structure with Zhejiang,Beijing and Guangdong high-level leading demonstration areas as the axis belt.3)The coupling coordination center of the elderly livable environment system was located in Henan,and the standard deviation ellipse was distributed in the northeast-southwest direction.The development center and the ellipse of the high-level leading demonstration areas and the intermediate coordination level areas were concentrated in the central and eastern regions,while the low-level coordination areas for improving quality and efficiency are mainly located in the western region.4)Urban development,green facilities,infrastructure,government macroscopic regulation and control,economic stimulus,and housing construction were all important factors affecting the coordinated development of the livable environment system for the elderly,exerting a varying degree of effect on the level of coordinated development of various types of systems.

Living experience and care needs of Chinese empty-nest elderly people in urban communities in Beijing,China:A qualitative study

Background:Empty-nest elders have considerable needs for daily living,health care,and social support in China.The growing need for care of an aging population requires to be met through adequate policy decision making by government.Aim:To explore care needs of Chinese empty-nest elderly people and to provide reference information for relevant authorities in making care-supporting policies.Method:A descriptive qualitative study design was adopted.Twenty-five senior citizens in urban communities who were not living with their children were recruited from three communities in different districts of Beijing.In-depth interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire were used to collect data.A qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze data.Results:A major care need by the empty-nest elderly was home-based care.In view of their physical condition,need of support and their own security problems,they would like to have aging-in-place,home-based care by housemaid employment,or have institutionalized care in the future.However,they had some concerns about institutionalized care.Conclusions:A combination of home-based and community-based care is a suitable mode of care for the empty-nest elderly,and institutionalized care is an expected supplementary form of care.

Analysis and Research on Information Design of the Smart Community Pension Service

In the research on the smart community pension service,it is found that the problems encountered in the promotion of the smart pension can not be solved in the short term because of the lack of information and the acceptance of the intelligent products by the elderly. This paper puts forward the research ideas based on the cognitive characteristics and demand prediction of the specific population. Focusing on the research on the pension needs of people born in the 1960 s or 1970 s,it provides support for the solution of smart pension services in the peak period of aging population in the future.

Evaluating the effects of open/closed eyes and age-related differences on center of foot pressure sway during stepping at a set tempo

This study aimed to examine the effects of open/ closed eyes and age difference on Center of Foot Pressure (COP) sway during stepping. The subjects were 87 healthy males aged 10 - 80 years. COP was measured 20 times when subjects stepped on two force plates (left and right) at a rate of 60 steps/min. The evaluation parameters selected were: total trace length, velocity, circumference, rectangular area,left-right width, and front-back width. The former four of these parameters were found to be significantly lower with eyes open than eyes closed in 80-year-old subjects, while the last parameter was significantly lower with eyes open in 10-year-old subjects. In 70- and 80-year-old subjects with eyes open, circumference was greater than that in 10- and 40 - 60-year-old subjects;their rectangular area was greater than that in 50- and 60-year-old subjects;and, their front-back width was greater than that in 10- and 30 - 60-year-old subjects. With eyes closed, circumference, rectangular area, left-right width, and front-back width in 80-year- old subjects, were greater than those in 10 - 70- year-old subjects. The front-back width during stepping with eyes closed was greater in 70- and 80-year-old subjects than in 30 - 50-year-old subjects. The Romberg quotient for all COP sway parameters revealed no significant age-related differences. From our findings, a difference in body sway was observed in 80-year-old subjects (with eyes open/closed) when compared with the other age groups. In addition, the extent of sway varied little among 80 year-old- subjects have greater body sway during stepping, particularly with eyes closed.

Mental health promotion for elderly populations in World Health Organization South-East Asia Region:Needs and resource gaps

The accelerated population growth of the elderly(individuals aged 60 years or more)across the globe has many indications,including changes in demography,health,the psycho-social milieu,and economic security.This transition has given rise to varied challenges;significant changes have been observed in regard to developing strategies for health care systems across the globe.The World Health Organization(WHO)is also engaging in initiatives and mediating processes.Furthermore,advocacy is being conducted regarding a shift toward the salutogenic model from the pathogenic model.The concept behind this move was to shift from disablement to enablement and from illness to wellness,with the notion of mental health promotion(MHP)being promoted.This article attempts to discuss the MHP of elderly individuals,with special reference to the need to disseminate knowledge and awareness in the community by utilizing the resources of the health sector available in the WHO South-East Asia Region countries.We have tried to present the current knowledge gap by exploring the existing infrastructure,human resources,and financial resources.There is much to do to promote the mental health of the elderly,but inadequate facilities are available.Based on available resources,a roadmap for MHP in elderly individuals is discussed.

Age and Gender Differences in the Step Test with Stipulated Tempos

This study examined differences in tempos of a step test with a stipulated tempo by age levels and gender. Subjects were 316 healthy males and females in the age range of 10 - 80 years. They performed the step test twice for 20 seconds, stepping alternately while a beeping metronome was adjusted to 40 bpm, 60 bpm, and 120 bpm. It was assumed that if the total time discrepancy between the tempos when the foot was grounded was small, people could adjust their steps to different tempos well. The results of a three-way ANOVA showed a significant age difference at 40 bpm. A multiple comparison showed that the total time discrepancy was smaller in 10 - 50 years old than in 60 - 80 years old in males and females. The total time discrepancy at 40 bpm was larger than that at 120 bpm in 10 - 50 years old, and larger in the order of 40, 60, and 120 bpm in 60 - 80 years old. The total time discrepancy showed insignificant gender differences at all ages and tempos. In conclusion, people over 60 years were less able to adjust their steps to a slow tempo than people younger than 50 years. Further, it was more difficult for people under 60 years to adjust their steps to a slower tempo, and a difference in tempos in people over 70 years largely affected their step movements.

基于用户动态需求的移动医疗APP适老化界面设计研究

目的以老年群体用户需求的动态特征为出发点,对移动医疗APP界面进行适老化设计研究,优化界面设计策略,帮助老年群体适应智慧养老背景下的智慧医疗模式。方法利用网络爬虫软件获取老年群体对移动医疗APP的在线评价数据,运用模糊kano模型对老年群体需求数据进行归纳分类,结合层次分析法确定需求主观权重、熵权法确定需求客观权重、组合赋权法确定需求组合权重,根据权重对老年群体用户需求进行优先级排序,从而进行移动医疗APP适老化界面的优化设计研究。结论将用户动态需求理论应用于移动医疗APP适老化界面设计,重视需求在时间、环境等多维度下的动态变化,从而更好地获取老年群体的多层次需求,拓展移动医疗APP界面适老化设计思路,为移动医疗适老化研究提供借鉴。

社会需求视域下翻译人才核心素养的动态发展与提升机制研究

在全球化日益盛行的今天,语言服务的需求呈现出前所未有的增长趋势,对翻译人才的核心素养也提出了更高、更全面的要求。该文立足于社会需求的宏观背景,深入探究翻译人才核心素养的动态发展态势及其提升机制。对翻译行业的市场需求、技术进步、职业发展等多方面因素进行综合分析,揭示现代翻译人才所需要具备的核心素养结构及其内涵。

社区养老服务中心空间适应性设计策略研究

社区养老服务中心的服务需求主要与社区老年人年龄结构、居住方式、文化水平、经济水平、社区老年服务设施的配建情况有关。不同社区的相关要素均存在差异且处于动态变化中,因此在社区养老服务中心的设计之初就应考虑空间适应性策略。文章在高适性空间布局的基础上,提出了功能置换、功能复合、功能更新的空间适应性策略,以期增加社区养老服务中心的空间适应性,对社区养老服务的可持续发展提出空间设计方向的建议。

面向中美出口管制的竞争情报需求问题研究——基于动态竞争理论分析视角

[目的/意义]参考动态竞争理论分析方法和思路,解析中美出口管制动态竞争的情报属性和情报需求问题,为竞争情报学术研究领域和实际服务提供新的思考。[方法/过程]通过文献资料研究、专家访谈、问卷调查等相结合的方法,将动态竞争理论融入中美出口管制的竞争性行动中进行研究,分析美国对华出口管制以及我国应对美国出口管制的竞争情报属性。从中美出口管制演进历程、立法动态、管制机构以及管制手段4个方面归纳面向中美出口管制的竞争情报需求特点,提出中美出口管制产生的竞争情报用户群体以及不同用户群体的具体需求。[结果/结论]动态竞争理论视域下的中美出口管制是一系列相互交替的竞争性行动与回应,是典型的竞争情报行为,具有持续性、动态性、复杂性、全面性特征,将在政府、企业、科研及服务机构层面产生强烈的竞争情报需求。面向中美出口管制开展竞争情报需求问题研究,具有理论与实践双重价值。

Tooth loss patterns in older adults with special needs:a Minnesota cohort

This study was conducted to detail tooth loss patterns in older adults with special needs. A total of 491 elderly subjects with special needs were retrospectively selected and followed during 10/1999-12/2006. Medical, dental, cognitive, and functional assessments were abstracted from dental records and used to predict risk of tooth loss. Tooth loss events were recorded for subjects during follow-up. Chi-squared tests were used to study the association between tooth loss and the selected risk factors. Logistic, poisson, and negative binomial regressions were developed to study tooth loss patterns. Overall, 27% of the subjects lost at least one tooth during follow-up. Fourteen subjects had tooth loss events per 100 person-years. Tooth loss pattern did not differ significantly among different special-needs subgroups （i.e. community-dwelling vs. long-term care, physically disabled vs. functionally independent）. Special-needs subjects with three or more active dental conditions at arrival had more than twice the risk of losing teeth than those without any existing conditions. After adjusting other factors, the number of carious teeth or retained roots at arrival was a significant predictor of tooth loss for older adults with special needs （P=0.001）. These findings indicate that appropriately managing active caries and associated conditions is important to prevent tooth loss for older adults with special needs.

考虑用户动态充电需求的电动汽车充电站规划

为提高电动汽车(EV)充电站规划布局的合理性,避免出现投资高、效率低的局面,提出一种考虑用户动态充电需求的电动汽车充电站规划方法。首先,利用出行链理论和起止点(OD)矩阵得到用户出行起讫点,构建交通拥堵状况随时间变化的动态交通路网模型,并改进Dijkstra算法规划EV行驶路径,考虑环境温度和车速实时变化对单位里程功耗的影响,建立考虑用户动态充电需求的充电站选择模型;其次,采用M/M/c排队论方法对充电站进行容量配置,以充电站建设运维成本和EV用户经济损失(包括时间损失和电量损耗)之和最小为目标函数,建立充电站规划模型;最后,以某市主城区部分实际道路情况为规划区域,通过迭代排列寻优并结合粒子群算法对模型求解。结果表明:区域内规划的6座充电站位置分布均匀,减少了用户充电路途成本,且充电桩最优配置数在保证充电满意度的同时使充电站总经济成本最低,所提规划方法合理有效。

需求分析平台下大学英语多维动态迁移教学模式构建

外语需求分析通过内省、访谈、观察等手段研究课程教学的需求。该文通过外语需求分析平台,完善大学英语课程设置,在教学实践中,引入多维动态语言迁移框架,通过英汉语言类型构建自然语言系统;通过学习情景需求分析促进英汉心理语言类型搭建;通过学习者执行控制系统促进大学英语教学正迁移发生,进一步构建大学英语正迁移教学模式。

日本网络问答社区客家信息需求及其动态演化——以雅虎日本智慧袋平台下“客家”数据为例

通过文本挖掘工具KH Coder考察雅虎日本智慧袋中涉及到的客家文化主题及关注焦点,发现该网络问答社区呈现出来的客家文化主题具有多样性。2008年之前主要关注客家土楼建筑,而从2009年开始,对于客家的关注点呈现多元化趋势,形成了客家语言、客家旅行、客家历史文化三大焦点。提出应从历史维度讲好客家文化故事、从文化影响力维度提高客家土楼的文化品牌效应、从语言维度提升客家话跨文化传播能力、从平台利用维度拓展客家文化传播空间等传播策略。

Dynamics of family households and elderly living arrangements in China,1990-2010

This article presents analyses on dynamics of family households and elderly living arrangements in China mainly based on the micro data of 2010,2000 and 1990 censuses.We demonstrate and discuss the trends and rural-urban differentials of largely declined household size,quickly increasing one-person and one-couple-only households,substantially increased proportions of elderly living alone or with spouse only.It is strikingly interesting that proportion of three-generation family households increased by 18.9%in rural area but decreased by 23.7%in urban areas in 2010 compared to 1990,due to rural-urban differences in demographic effects of large fertility decline and socioeconomic/attitude changes.We also present and discuss two interesting demographic phenomenon which were relatively overlooked in the literature.First,increase in number of households is much larger than population growth,due to shrinking of the household size and decomposition of larger families into smaller ones,and very much slowed-down population growth.Second,increases in numbers of elderly(especially oldest-old)who live alone or with spouse only are dramatically larger than the increase in the corresponding proportions,due to the effects of rapid population aging,while later and larger birth cohorts become old.Such trends have important implications for the analyses on the current and future market demands of the products and services,of which households are the consumption units.We recommend that the studies on home-based energy use and sustainable development should be based on analyses of family household dynamics rather than population growth.

应用软件在完型心理机制下的动态图形设计

随着数字化时代的发展,人们越来越依赖智能化设备,其中应用软件的功能已经不只满足于人们的吃、穿、住、行等必要方面,而且在学习、办公、娱乐、购物等精神层面也达到了一定高度。所以应用软件的设计已经不只要满足于用户的实用意识,还要满足其精神追求。现代应用软件为了增强用户与应用之间的互动性,其中图形设计逐渐由静态转化为动态被引入新媒体。结合完型心理机制对开展应用软件的图形设计是非常重要的,动态图形的应用在完善产品功能的基础上,提高产品可视化,增强人机互动性以适应现代社会用户的生活习惯与审美要求。

interRAI家庭照护评估工具在社区居家老年人综合评估与照护需求分析中的初步应用

目的 ：使用inter RAI家庭照护评估工具分析社区居家老年人的健康状况与照护需求,同时验证该工具在我国老年人社区居家照护方面的可行性。方法：采用便利抽样方法抽取北京市西城区120例接受居家照护服务的老年人,使用inter RAI家庭照护评估工具进行调查,并使用inter RAI家庭照护评估工具所对应的临床评估协议分析老年人面临的主要健康问题及照护需求,与目前接受的照护服务进行对比分析。结果 ：老年人存在的健康问题涉及生理、心理、社会等多维度。每位老人存在的问题数目从1~5个不等,平均存在2个问题,且随着年龄的增长（rs=0.45,P=0.03）、患有慢性病种类的增加（rs=0.34,P=0.04）,老年人所伴有的健康问题也随之增多。老年人在心血管呼吸系统问题、疼痛、ADL受限、非正式社会支持不足、压疮风险等问题所接受的服务率相对较高,均达到70%以上;以健康促进不足、家庭环境优化、IADL受限、尿失禁、营养不良、身体活动不足等问题所接受的服务率相对较低,均未达到40%。结论：inter RAI家庭照护评估工具可以从老年综合评估的角度发现老年人存在的需要重点关注和干预的问题,为社区居家照护服务提供了具体的干预方向。未来可以进一步尝试使用该工具,并对社区居家照护的效果进行动态监测。

空巢老人对社区医疗护理需求的质性研究

目的探讨空巢老人对社区医疗护理的具体需求,为空巢老人的社区健康管理提供参考信息。方法采用质性研究方法 ,以半结构式的开放性访谈问卷对25名城市社区空巢老人进行个体化的深入访谈,使用内容分析法分析资料。结果空巢老人对社区医疗护理的需求包括基本医疗护理服务和具有社区特色的医疗护理服务,这些需求可以通过改善社区医疗条件、完善管理制度、提高服务质量和水平等途径来实现。结论针对空巢老人对社区医疗护理的需求,应拓展社区医疗护理服务项目和内容,为其提供个体化的服务。