COVID-19 mortality paradox(United States vs Africa):Mass vaccination vs early treatment

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mortality rate in 55 African countries is almost 4.5 times lower than in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)despite Africa having over 4.2 times more people.This mortality paradox is also evident when comparing Nigeria,a heavily populated,poorly vaccinated and weakly mandated country to Israel,a small,highly vaccinated and strictly mandated country.Nigeria has almost 4 times lower COVID mortality than Israel.In this Field of Vision perspective,I explain how this paradox has evolved drawing upon my academic,clinical and social experience.Since April 2020,I’ve developed and been using the Egyptian immune-modulatory Kelleni’s protocol to manage COVID-19 patients including pediatric,geriatric,pregnant,immune-compromised and other individuals suffering from multiple comorbidities.It’s unfortunate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is still evolving accompanied by more deaths.However in Africa,we’ve been able to live without anxiety or mandates throughout the pandemic because we trust science and adopted early treatment using safe,and effective repurposed drugs that have saved the majority of COVID-19 patients.This article represents an African and Egyptian tale of honor.

10℃条件下纳米C-S-H掺量对水泥早期水化的影响

目的探究10℃条件下不同掺量纳米C-S-H对水泥早期水化进程及强度发展的影响,并分析其早强剂作用机理。方法通过溶液共沉淀法制备纳米C-S-H悬浮液,将其掺入到普通硅酸盐水泥中,在10℃条件下进行养护,分析其对水泥凝结时间、抗折强度、抗压强度的影响;通过XRD、TG等检测手段分析水泥的水化进程及对水化产物的影响。结果掺入0.05%纳米C-S-H,可使水泥初凝时间缩短9.9%,终凝时间缩短10.4%;24 h时抗折强度和抗压强度分别提高了34%和33.5%。纳米C-S-H的掺入造成水泥3 d抗折强度略有降低。水化产物中Ca(OH)2质量分数在12 h、16 h和24 h时较参比样分别提高了17.6%、21.3%和29.6%。结论在10℃条件下,纳米C-S-H的加入能够有效促进C 3S和C 2S的水化过程,形成更多的水化产物,从而缩短水泥凝结时间,提高24 h内水泥砂浆强度,28 d强度没有显著降低。

超声S-Detect技术联合乳腺简化MRI对早期乳腺癌的诊断效能

目的 探讨超声S-Detect技术联合乳腺简化MRI对早期乳腺癌诊断效能的分析。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年12月进行乳腺超声和MRI检查的85个病灶。患者年龄>14岁,且未进行手术及新辅助化疗治疗,肿瘤病灶直径≤2 cm,并进行穿刺或手术获得病理结果。以乳腺穿刺肿瘤病理结果为金标准,评估超声S-Detect技术、乳腺简化MRI及二者联合检查的诊断效能。结果 S-Detect、简化MRI及两者联合诊断的灵敏度分别为:69.5%,81.4%,98.3%,特异度分别为:88.5%,80.8%,76.9%,准确率分别为:75.3%,81.2%,91.8%,与病理一致性检验Kappa值分别为:0.50,0.58,0.80,AUC分别为:0.79,0.81,0.88。差异均有统计学意义(Z=1.979,P<0.05;Z=2.096,P<0.05)。结论 超声S-Detect与乳腺简化MRI技术联合对早期乳腺癌检查的灵敏度、准确率以及与病理一致性比单独使用S-Detect技术或简化MRI高,具有较高的诊断效能,可以对早期乳腺癌的早发现早治疗起到积极作用并为临床科室制定治疗方案提供有效帮助。

融合专利SAO特征的早期专利价值评估方法

[研究目的]在知识产权强国战略背景下,存在着专利数量与质量不匹配、技术转化率较低的困境,评估早期专利价值对高价值专利培育工程和专利技术转化具有重要意义。[研究方法]提出一种融合专利SAO网络特征和文本特征的早期专利价值评估方法。首先,从专利摘要和标题中抽取主体-行为-客体(SAO)结构。其次,用社会网络分析法挖掘专利SAO网络的核心组件,得到专利SAO网络中心性特征。然后,将SAO结构序列文本输入Doc2Vec模型,得到专利SAO文本特征。最后,融合专利基础特征和SAO特征,构建基于AutoGluon自动机器学习框架的早期专利价值评估模型。[研究结论]以人工智能产业专利为例进行实证研究,实验结果表明引入专利SAO特征后,模型的准确率、召回率和F1值相比基准模型均提高了2%~5%,证明了专利SAO特征在识别早期高价值专利中的有效性。

纳米C-S-H的合成及其对普通硅酸盐水泥早期水化的影响

为提高水泥基材料的早期强度,制备了纳米C-S-H悬浮液,并通过XRD和Zeta电位对其组成和粒度分布、稳定性进行了分析。通过水化放热、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜扫描电镜(SEM)研究了纳米C-S-H对硅酸盐水泥早期强度发展、水化放热、水化产物的影响。结果表明:合成了具有半结晶结构的稳定的纳米C-S-H悬浮液。纳米C-S-H的加入促进了C3S的水化,尤其是在前24 h,并使水泥的水化诱导期明显缩短。含有0.05%纳米C-S-H砂浆的8 h、16 h和24 h抗压强度分别提高了176.0%、145.6%和43.9%,与此同时,砂浆的3 d抗压强度没有明显减少。

2024年1月23日乌什M_(S)7.1地震序列类型判定

利用新疆地震台网观测数据,对2024年1月23日乌什M_(S)7.1地震序列进行分析,结果显示乌什地震序列的余震活动丰富,频度衰减较快。通过历史地震序列类比、序列参数(b值、p值、h值)、等待时间、震级差和能量比等参数的跟踪分析,判断此次乌什M_(S)7.1地震序列为主震―余震型。从历史地震序列类型的早期定性判定到地震序列参数定量计算的跟踪判定乌什7.1级地震序列类型,对地震序列类型的跟踪判定有一定参考作用。

U-G-S协同推进创新人才早期培养的国际经验与启示

本文选取美国、澳大利亚、新加坡等创新人才机制相对成熟的国家,探究其创新人才多主体早期培育项目经验,分析、归纳得出主要培养路径有四:首先,“丰富和加速”是主要培养手段,以高阶课程助力超前学习、以缩短学制促进加速学习、以暑期项目丰富课程学习;其次,以信息技术搭建资优教育平台,扩展资源网络渠道,推进创新人才培养的机会均等;再次,注重教育体系衔接,以大中小衔接体系为创新人才接续培养枢纽,确保培养质量;最后,以分类培养理念创新人才和技术创新人才为目标,建立针对性培养体系。据此,本文提出改进我国创新人才早期培养U-G-S协作机制的建议:加强政策顶层设计、扶持校企联合、增强创新人才网络资源建设、推进校本创新人才培养项目建设等。

探究早期帕金森病Thy 1-SNCA模型小鼠运动学习障碍的时间特征

目的本实验通过建立早期帕金森病(Parkinson s disease,PD)小鼠模型,以探究PD模型出现运动学习障碍的时间特征。方法选用6月龄Thy 1-SNC A转基因(transgenic,TG)小鼠作为早期PD模型,与同龄野生型(wild type,WT)小鼠进行对比分析。通过旷场实验、爬杆实验和Y迷宫等行为学手段来评估小鼠的运动功能和空间工作记忆能力,并以经典的匀加速转棒实验作为运动学习的行为学范式,来评估其运动学习能力。结果6月龄的Thy 1-SNC A TG小鼠在运动功能和空间记忆能力方面并未显示出异常,却呈现出明显的运动学习障碍。结论在早期PD模型小鼠上存在着特定的运动学习障碍,可作为早期PD的一个重要诊断指标;同时匀加速转棒测试可作为检测PD运动学习障碍的一种重要的行为学手段。

纳米C⁃S⁃H晶种与掺和料及早强剂复配对混凝土强度的影响

为了提高混凝土早期强度,根据不同混凝土配方的组成差异,将纳米C‐S‐H晶种与掺和料以及早强剂复配,成型不同龄期的混凝土试件,分析复配后混凝土初终凝时间、抗压强度和抗折强度受到的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰和硅灰会降低混凝土的早期抗压和抗折强度,纳米C‐S‐H晶种与粉煤灰、硅灰复配后可减弱粉煤灰、硅灰对强度下降的影响;纳米C‐S‐H晶种可缓解石膏的缓凝作用,并且可以与石膏、硫酸钠、硫铝酸盐水泥发挥协同作用,进一步提高混凝土的早期强度。

C-S-H晶核早强剂制备及性能研究

针对常规早强剂可能引起混凝土后期强度倒缩、泛霜等问题,采用聚羧酸减水剂作为分散剂,并以四水硝酸钙和五水合硅酸钠作为原料制备了C⁃S⁃H晶核早强剂,研究了不同反应条件对晶核早强剂稳定性能及强度性能的影响。结果表明:钙硅比为1.5、分散剂相对分子质量为17000时所制备的晶核早强剂具有良好的水泥适应性,其18、24 h的抗压强度比空白组分别提高160%、130%,对后期强度也有一定的促进作用。

胎盘生长因子联合脐动脉S/D值对子痫前期的预测价值

目的:探讨胎盘生长因子(PLGF)联合脐血流S/D对子痫前期的预测价值。方法:采用病例对照研究,回顾性选取2020年4月—2021年4月就诊于我院产科并最终诊断为子痫前期的孕产妇52例作为研究组,并选取同期正常分娩的产妇122例作为对照组,将孕期划分为三个阶段,孕早期(12~20周)、孕中期(20~34周)、孕晚期(34~42周),收集并分析两组孕妇早中晚期的胎盘生长因子(PLGF)、孕中晚期脐动脉收缩末期最大血流速度(S)与舒张末期最大血流速度(D)比值(S/D),评估PLGF、S/D值单独及联合预测子痫前期的效能。结果:研究组血清PLGF在妊娠各阶段平均值均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),研究组脐动脉S/D平均值高于对照组,孕中期两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.21),孕晚期两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.047),血清PLGF联合脐动脉S/D值在孕中期的特异度、灵敏度、AUC(ROC曲线下面积)分别为80.0%、63.6%、0.664,孕晚期的特异度、灵敏度、AUC分别为71.9%、81.8%、0.804。结论:研究组妊娠各个时期PLGF值均低于对照组,可以单独作为子痫前期患者的预测指标,S/D值单独预测价值与PLGF联合S/D值的预测价值在孕晚期优于孕中期,推测与纳入研究组患者的病情严重程度有关。

北山造山带东部微波山早志留世S型花岗岩成因及构造背景

为研究北山造山带东部微波山地区的大地构造背景,选取在该地区广泛发育的花岗岩为研究对象,通过野外地质工作、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学及地球化学等研究方法,深入剖析了微波山花岗岩的形成时代、类型、成因及构造背景。锆石年龄为(440.80±0.19)Ma和(155.05±0.37)Ma,表明该岩体形成于早志留世,并在侏罗世形成复式岩体。岩石学特征定名本次样品为二长花岗岩,地球化学特征显示成因类型为S型花岗岩,稀土配分曲线与微量元素蛛网图为右倾型,显示岛弧岩浆岩特征。根据Yb、Y、Sr、Al_(2)O_(3)的含量特征确定其中两个样品为埃达克岩,建立微波山构造-岩浆演化模型,早志留世小黄山洋盆向北俯冲,幔源岩浆底侵,长英质岩浆移出形成岛弧岩浆岩。

C-S-H-PCE对基准水泥体系水化的影响

传统的早强剂在实际应用过程中会对混凝土的早强性能和耐久性能产生一定的影响,因此开发新型早强剂尤为重要。其中新开发的纳米C-S-H-PCE新型早强剂能够更好地加速水泥基材料的早期水化,有利于水化产物的快速生成。探究C-S-H-PCE早强剂对基准水泥体系水化的影响,对C-S-H-PCE的研发和应用具有重要意义。本文基于水泥水化的溶解-沉淀理论,研究C-S-H-PCE对基准水泥体系水化各阶段的影响,通过水化热测试对比分析C-S-H-PCE、纳米SiO_(2)对水化历程的影响,并测定各阶段的凝结时间和抗压强度。结果表明,C-S-H-PCE的加入显著缩短水化诱导期、提高水化最大放热速率、促进未水化颗粒的溶解;C-S-H-PCE缩短了初凝和终凝时间,1d和3d的强度得到明显提升。由此可知C-S-H-PCE对基准水泥水化的作用规律和影响机制,从而建立了水化微结构和宏观力学性能之间的联系。

Research on Monitoring and Early-warning Standards of Ancient and Famous Trees Protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden

Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.

The Women Characters of the 1930s in the Chinese TV Serials

The women of the 1930s in the Chinese TV serials deduct inspiring stories.They play different roles in the big wealthy families such as mothers-in-law,daughters-in-law,and maidservants.There are unceasing conflicts between these women,because of their struggle for men's love,wealth or social position.The theme of their stories is always about fertility,love,kindness and evil,with the ending being either comic or tragic.The stories of various kinds of women of the 1930s in the Chinese TV serials decorate and enrich the lives of many of us latecomers and their names are passed on from generation to generation.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-precursor lesions and early diagnosis

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) carries a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis.Early detection is highly desirable,since surgical and endoscopic resection offers the only possible cure for esophageal cancer.Population screening should be undertaken in high risk areas,and in low or moderate risk areas for people with risk factors (alcoholics,smokers,mate drinkers,history of head and neck cancer,achalasia and lye stricture of the esophagus).Esophageal balloon cytology is an easy and inexpensive sampling technique,but the current methods are insufficient for primary screening due to sampling errors.Conventional endoscopy with biopsy remains the standard procedure for the identification of pre-malignant and early malignant changes in esophageal mucosa and endoscopic detection.It may be enhanced by several techniques such as dye and optic chromoendoscopy,magnifying endoscopy,and optical-based spectroscopic and imaging modalities.Since more than 80% of SCCE deaths occur in developing countries,where expensive techniques such as narrow band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence imaging are unavailable,the most cost-effective tool for targeting biopsies may be Lugol dye chromoendoscopy,since it is easy,accurate,inexpensive and available worldwide.In ideal conditions,or in developed countries,is it reasonable to think that optimal detection will require a combination of techniques,such as the combination of Lugol’s chromoendoscopy and NBI to identify esophageal areas that require further characterization by a high resolution technique.The efficacy and cost-effectiveness will determine whether these modalities will become part of standard endoscopy practice.

Gastrointestinal polyposis with esophageal polyposis is useful for early diagnosis of Cowden's disease

Cowden's disease, one of the several hamartoma syndromes, is characterized by hyperplastic lesions and hamartomas distributed in the whole body. About thirty percent of patients with Cowden's disease have been reported to be complicated by malignant tumors. Based on the criteria of the International Cowden Consortium, this disease is mainly diagnosed as trichilemmoma of the face and oral mucosal papillomatosis. However, Cowden's disease patients themselves often do not recognize trichilemmoma of the face and oral mucosal papillomatosis. We report a case of Cowden's disease in a 33-year-old female patient who was diagnosed based on the characteristic findings at gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clinically, the patient was aware of having bloody stools. Multiple polyps found endoscopically in the esophagus, stomach, ileum, colon and rectum showed histopathologically hamartomatous changes and epithelial hyperplasia. Physical examination revealed oral papillomatosis and facial trichilemmomas. A germline mutation in exon 8 of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene was found in this case. It was a point mutation of C to T at codon 1003 (CGA→TGA, arginine→stop codon). The characteristic findings on gastrointestinal endoscopy led us to a diagnosis of Cowden's disease. It has been reported that gastrointestinal polyposis with esophageal polyposis is found in about 85.7% of Japanese patients with Cowden's disease. The characteristic findings on gastrointestinal endoscopy can be a useful diagnostic clue to Cowden's disease.

Is early limited surgery associated with a more benign disease course in Crohn's disease?

AIM:To analyze the difference in disease course and need for surgery in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD).METHODS:Data of 506 patients with incident CD were analyzed(age at diagnosis:31.5±13.8 years).Both hospital and outpatient records were collected prospectively with a complete clinical follow-up and comprehensively reviewed in the population-based Veszprem province database,which includes incident CD patients diagnosed between January 1,1977 and December 31,2008.Follow-up data were collected until December 31,2009.All patients included had at least 1year of follow-up available.Patients with indeterminate colitis at diagnosis were excluded from the analysis.RESULTS:Overall,73 patients(14.4%)required resective surgery within 1 year of diagnosis.Steroid exposure and need for biological therapy were lower in patients with early limited surgery(P<0.001 and P=0.09).In addition,surgery rates during follow-up in patients with and without early surgery differed significantly after matching on propensity scores(P<0.001,HR=0.23).The need for reoperation was also lower in patients with early limited resective surgery(P=0.038,HR=0.42)in a Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression(P=0.04)analysis.However,this advantage was not observed after matching on propensity scores(PLogrank=0.656,PBreslow=0.498).CONCLUSION:Long-term surgery rates and overall exposure to steroids and biological agents were lower in patients with early limited resective surgery,but reoperation rates did not differ.

Partial improvement in performance of patients with severe Alzheimer's disease at an early stage of fornix deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation is a therapy for Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） that has previously been used for mainly mild to moderate cases. This study provides the first evidence of early alterations in performance induced by stimulation targeted at the fornix in severe AD patients. The performance of the five cases enrolled in this study was scored with specialized assessments including the Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating, both before and at an early stage after deep brain stimulation. The burden of caregivers was also evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. As a whole, the cognitive performance of patients remained stable or improved to varying degrees, and caregiver burden was decreased. Individually, an improved mental state or social performance was observed in three patients, and one of these three patients showed remarkable improvement in long-term memory. The conditions of another patient deteriorated because of inappropriate antipsychotic medications that were administered by his caregivers. Taken together, deep brain stimulation was capable of improving some cognitive aspects in patients with severe AD, and of ameliorating their emotional and social performance, at least at an early stage. However, long-term effects induced by deep brain stimulation in patients with severe AD need to be further validated. More research should focus on clarifying the mechanism of deep brain stimulation. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT03115814） on April 14, 2017.

Classification of Short Time Series in Early Parkinson’s Disease With Deep Learning of Fuzzy Recurrence Plots

There are many techniques using sensors and wearable devices for detecting and monitoring patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD).A recent development is the utilization of human interaction with computer keyboards for analyzing and identifying motor signs in the early stages of the disease.Current designs for classification of time series of computer-key hold durations recorded from healthy control and PD subjects require the time series of length to be considerably long.With an attempt to avoid discomfort to participants in performing long physical tasks for data recording,this paper introduces the use of fuzzy recurrence plots of very short time series as input data for the machine training and classification with long short-term memory(LSTM)neural networks.Being an original approach that is able to both significantly increase the feature dimensions and provides the property of deterministic dynamical systems of very short time series for information processing carried out by an LSTM layer architecture,fuzzy recurrence plots provide promising results and outperform the direct input of the time series for the classification of healthy control and early PD subjects.