Contributing Factors for Delays during the Morning Commute Hours and the Impact of the Spread of COVID-19 for Metropolitan Train Lines in Japan

The present study aims to conduct 2 types of statistical analysis to reveal the impact of the spread of COVID-19 on train delays by comparing the potential contributing factors before, during and after the outbreak of the virus in the metropolitan train lines in Japan. First of all, the result of the present study clearly revealed the changes in contributing factors for train delays caused by the spread of COVID-19. Specifically, the contributing factors for train delays changed due to the decrease of passengers by the effect of the outbreak of the virus. Additionally, though large terminal stations were considered to be a major contributing factor in causing and increasing train delays in the past, this was not the case after the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, under such conditions, it is more effective to make improvements in small to medium stations and tracks rather than terminal stations. Furthermore, as the decrease in passengers also decreased train delays in commuter lines going to the suburbs due to the spread of COVID-19, the contributing factor for such lines is the excessive number of passengers. Therefore, as for countermeasures for train delays after the effects of COVID-19, it is necessary to disperse passengers in order to avoid passengers concentrating in the same time zones and train lines.

FY-3E:The First Operational Meteorological Satellite Mission in an Early Morning Orbit

Fengyun-3 E(FY-3E),the world’s first early-morning-orbit meteorological satellite for civil use,was launched successfully at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 5 July 2021.The FY-3E satellite will fill the vacancy of the global early-morning-orbit satellite observation,working together with the FY-3C and FY-3D satellites to achieve the data coverage of early morning,morning,and afternoon orbits.The combination of these three satellites will provide global data coverage for numerical weather prediction(NWP)at 6-hour intervals,effectively improving the accuracy and time efficiency of global NWP,which is of great significance to perfect the global earth observing system.In this article,the background and meteorological requirements for the early-morning-orbit satellite are reviewed,and the specifications of the FY-3E satellite,as well as the characteristics of the onboard instrumentation for earth observations,are also introduced.In addition,the ground segment and the retrieved geophysical products are also presented.It is believed that the NWP communities will significantly benefit from an optimal temporal distribution of observations provided by the early morning,mid-morning,and afternoon satellite missions.Further benefits are expected in numerous applications such as the monitoring of severe weather/climate events,the development of improved sampling designs of the diurnal cycle for accurate climate data records,more efficient monitoring of air quality by thermal infrared remote sensing,and the quasicontinuous monitoring of the sun for space weather and climate.

Is a split-dose regimen of 2 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid tolerable for colonoscopy in an early morning visit to a comprehensive medical check-up?

To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a split-dose 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ascorbic acid (AA) regimen for healthy examinees who visited for comprehensive medical check-up in the early morning.METHODSFrom February 2015 to March 2015, examinees of average risk who were scheduled for a colonoscopy in the morning were retrospectively enrolled.RESULTSThe 189 examinees were divided into split-dose and non-split-dose groups. The adequacy of bowel preparation for the split-dose group vs the non-split-dose group was 96.8% vs 85.2%, respectively, P < 0.001, and the compliance of the last meal restriction was 74.6% vs 58.2%, respectively, P < 0.001. The sleep disturbance (P < 0.001) was more prevalent in the split-dose group, however the willingness to repeat the same preparation method (P = 0.243) was not different in both groups. The split-dose regimen was the most important factor influencing adequate bowel preparation in multivariate analysis (HR = 10.89, 95%CI: 6.53-18.17, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONA split-dose regimen of 2 L PEG/AA for an early morning colonoscopy was more effective and showed better compliance for diet restriction without any difference in satisfaction and discomfort. Introducing a split-dose regimen of 2 L PEG/AA to morning colonoscopy examinees is effective and tolerable in a comprehensive medical check-up setting.

Intervention Effect of Sequential Blood Purification on Early Morning Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective:To investigate the effect of sequential blood purification on early morning hypertension in hemodialysis patients.Methods:A total of 76 hemodialysis patients who were admitted in the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital from June 2017 to August 2019 were selected and recruited in the present study.These patients were randomly divided into two groups,namely the control group and observation group.Each group consisted of 38 patients.The patients in the control group were treated with hemodialysis,while the patients in the observation group were treated with sequential blood purification.Early morning blood pressure was compared between the control group and observation group after 12 weeks of treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups of patients before treatment(P>0.05),whereas the blood pressure in the observation group was lower than that in the control group after the treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of sequential blood purification treatment for hemodialysis patients can significantly reduce the blood pressure in the morning and is worthy of clinical use.

Progress of Fengyun Meteorological Satellites Since 2020

China’s efforts to develop Fengyun meteorological satellites have made major strides over the past 50 years,with the polar and geostationary meteorological satellite series achieving continuously stable operation to persistently provide data and product services globally.By the end of 2021,19 Chinese self-developed Fengyun meteorological satellites have been launched successfully.Seven of them are in operation at present,the data and products are widely applied to weather analysis,numerical weather forecasting and climate prediction,as well as environment and disaster monitoring.Since the last COSPAR report,FY-4B,the first new-generation operational geostationary satellite,and FY-3E,the first early-morning orbit satellite in China’s polar-orbiting meteorological satellite family have been launched in 2021.The characteristics of the two latest satellites and the instruments onboard are addressed in this report.The status of current Fengyun Satellites,product and data service and international cooperation and supporting activities has been introduced as well.

Contributing Factors for Train Delays during Morning Rush Hour in Japanese Metropolitan Areas

The present study aims to reveal the contributing factors for train delays in Tokyo metropolitan area by conducting statistical analyses, focusing on passenger trains, and using a variety of information by including data concerning train cars, stations, passengers, tracks and working timetables as explanatory variables. The present study conducted 2 types of statistical analyses including the standard multiple regression analysis and the logistic regression analysis by setting “average delay time” which indicates the quantitative conditions of delays, and “occurrence of delays” which indicates the qualitative condition, as objective variables. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, the possibility of direct operations increasing the delay occurrence rate was quantitatively indicated. Therefore, direct operations are regarded as a contributing factor for train delays concerning metropolitan areas in recent years. Additionally, it was confirmed that the concentration of demand on terminal stations is also a contributing factor for train delays. On the other hand, it is certain that direct operations contribute to improving the convenience of passengers as well as the operational efficiency of train cars. Therefore, it would be ideal to resolve delays by easing the concentration of demands which may be accomplished by recommending off-peak commuting as well as adjustments to the working timetables.

Recognizing Early Warning Signs (EWS) in Patients Is Critically Important

Introduction: Monitoring vital signs is a basic indicator of a patient’s health status and allows prompt detection of delayed recovery or adverse effects and early intervention. Patients with adverse events during hospitalization often display clinical decline for several hours before the event is observed. Non-critical care Nurses’ inconsistent recognition and response to patient deterioration lead to an increase in the length of hospital stay, unexpected admissions to the ICU, and increased morbidity and mortality. Aim: The study aimed to assess the factors that facilitate or impede the detection of early warning signs among adult patients hospitalized in tertiary care settings. Training should be provided to improve nurses’ knowledge, practice and attitude toward early warning signs of deteriorating patients leading to enhanced clinical judgment, skills and decision-making in addressing alerts. Methodology: A literature search was carried out in various databases;these were Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sage. The search area was narrowed from 2017 to 2022. The keywords used were “prevalence” AND “unplanned ICU admission”, “the importance of early warning signs” “outcome failure in rescue” “patient deterioration, communication” “improvement in early detection” AND “patient outcome admission” AND “early warning signs” AND “Pakistan”. After the analysis process, around 33 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were most relevant to the scope and context of the current study were considered. Conclusion: Most of the studies had reviewed literature in a qualitative retrospective observational study, content analysis, mixed method, and quasi-experimental study. The literature review identified that long hours of shift, nurse staffing levels, missed vital signs, lack of nursing training and education, and communication impact nurses’ ability to recognize and respond to early warning signs.

老年人群24h动态血压监测中清晨高血压与脑血管储备功能相关性

目的研究老年人群24 h动态血压监测中清晨高血压与脑血管储备功能(CVR)的相关性。方法回顾性选取2021年1月至12月到济南市妇幼保健院行24 h动态血压监测的300例老年受试者,依据监测结果分为A组、B组和C组。A组158例为清晨血压升高的高血压患者,男88例,女70例,年龄(66.02±4.35)岁;B组74例为清晨血压正常的高血压患者,男41例,女33例,年龄(65.42±4.42)岁;C组68例为血压正常者,男37例,女31例,年龄(65.77±4.38)岁。以两侧大脑中动脉屏气指数均值<0.69%为CVR减低,屏气指数均值≥0.69%为CVR正常,将300例受试者分为CVR降低组(52例)和CVR正常组(248例)。比较A、B、C 3组患者的临床资料,CVR指标;比较CVR降低组、CVR正常组一般资料,行单因素分析、多因素分析和相关性分析。采用F检验、独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验、logistic回归分析和Pearson相关性分析。结果300例24 h动态血压监测的老年受试者,清晨血压升高的高血压患者158例,占52.67%;清晨血压正常的高血压患者74例,占24.67%;血压正常者68例,占22.67%。3组收缩压(24 h均值、日间均值、夜间均值)、晨峰指数:A组>B组>C组(均P<0.05);舒张压(24 h均值、日间均值、夜间均值):A组>B组、C组(均P<0.05),B组、C组舒张压比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。CVR:A组[(21.37±7.89)%]<B组[(25.58±8.14)%]<C组[(28.56±8.10)%](均P<0.05);屏气指数:A组[(0.89±0.23)%]<B组[(1.13±0.21)%]、C组[(1.20±0.24)%](均P<0.05),B组、C组屏气指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脉动指数:A组[(1.49±0.36)]>B组[(1.15±0.31)]、C组[(1.06±0.29)](均P<0.05),B组、C组脉动指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CVR降低组年龄[(73.14±3.21)岁]、清晨收缩压[(132.42±9.64)mmHg](1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、清晨舒张压[(68.85±6.59)mmHg]均高于CVR正常组[(64.28±4.36)岁、(121.58±7.26)mmHg、(65.36±7.23)mmHg](均P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、清晨收缩压、清晨舒张压均为CVR降低的影响因素(均P<0.05)。清晨收缩压与屏气指数呈负相关(P<0.05),与脉动指数呈正相关(P<0.05);清晨舒张压与屏气指数呈负相关(P<0.05),与脉动指数呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论老年人群24 h动态血压监测中清晨高血压患者占比较大,清晨高血压患者CVR、屏气指数较低,脉动指数较高,清晨收缩压、清晨舒张压均与屏气指数呈负相关,与脉动指数呈正相关。

清晨高血压患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

[目的]探讨清晨高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)的相关性,构建清晨高血压患者发生CAS风险的列线图预测模型。[方法]连续收集2019年10月—2022年11月于承德医学院附属医院住院的清晨高血压患者255例,采集患者基本资料、血常规及血生物化学指标,所有入选患者均需完善24 h动态血压监测、颈动脉彩超检测,依据有无CAS将入选患者分为清晨高血压伴CAS组197例(简称伴CAS组)和清晨高血压不伴CAS组58例(简称不伴CAS组),采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨清晨高血压伴CAS的危险因素,并据此构建和验证个体化预测清晨高血压患者伴CAS风险的列线图模型。[结果]与不伴CAS组患者相比,伴CAS组年龄、NLR、中性粒细胞(NE)、单核细胞(MO)、白细胞(WBC)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)均显著升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)显著下降(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示伴CAS组较不伴CAS组相比,年龄、NLR、TC升高,HDLC降低,年龄、NLR、TC是清晨高血压伴CAS的独立危险因素,而HDLC是其独立保护因素。基于多因素Logistic回归分析结果构建个体化预测清晨高血压伴CAS的列线图模型,采用Hosmer Lemeshow测试拟合度,检验结果为χ^(2)=1.665(P>0.05)。该列线图模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.853(95%CI:0.802~0.904,P<0.01)。[结论]NLR与清晨高血压伴CAS呈正相关,NLR是清晨高血压伴CAS的独立危险因素。基于年龄、NLR、TC、HDLC构建的个体化列线图模型可有效预测清晨高血压伴CAS的风险,为早期更加便捷发现和预防动脉粥样硬化提供了一定的理论依据。

京津及河北平原凌晨强降水形势和环境条件

北京、天津及河北平原大部(37°~41°N,115°~119.5°E)(简称BTH-P)为夏季强降水夜发性较突出的区域。基于2010—2021年国家级地面气象站逐小时降水数据和CFSR再分析数据集,对该区域6—8月42个凌晨时段强降水个例的天气形势进行了分类,统计了不同天气形势下强降水的环境物理量特征。结果表明:BTH-P区域凌晨强降水的天气形势可分为热带气旋类、低涡切变类、低槽冷锋类和副高边缘弱天气尺度强迫类,且低涡切变类凌晨强降水最为频发。统计不同类天气形势的降水环境物理量场特征分布发现,水汽条件都非常充沛,热带气旋类凌晨强降水水汽条件最优,其大气可降水量的中位数达72 mm;热带气旋类热力和不稳定能量条件不如其他类突出,对流有效位能、K指数均最小,而副高边缘弱天气尺度强迫类的上述指数显著强于其他3类;热带气旋类降水相比其他类降水凌晨低层的辐合更为明显、垂直涡度也更大,低涡切变和低槽冷锋类降水的0~6 km垂直风切变最大、850 hPa与500 hPa温差显著大于其他类,表明其对流层中低层具有更强的斜压性。总体来看,该区域凌晨时段强降水的主要天气形势为低涡切变、低槽冷锋和热带气旋,具有特别充沛的水汽条件、不太强的条件不稳定和中等偏弱的0~6 km垂直风切变环境条件等。

W基于家庭通勤行为分析的共享停车优化研究

共享停车是缓解早高峰城市中心区域车位紧张的有效手段。基于瓶颈理论构建汇流瓶颈路网下个人与家庭混合出行的均衡出行模型,考虑共享停车影响下的出行行为决策,在多停车场条件下分析家庭与个人的通勤行为,比较通学通勤时间差的不同对各类出行者的出行时间及出行成本的影响,并基于均衡模型对共享停车规模进行优化,分析交易成本对出行行为选择的影响。研究发现:在多停车位竞争的情况下,用户会产生更多的早到成本,当通学通勤时间差较大时可以延缓系统高峰期,扩大共享车位规模可以达到对系统的优化。故政府应合理设置通学通勤时间差,在考虑社会总成本的情况下制定相关政策对共享停车规模进行优化,对共享交易成本进行管理从而实现资源的合理利用。

基于混凝土20 h内强度龄期关系曲线确定调压井滑模滑升时间研究

水利水电工程调压井滑模施工中的混凝土强度是一个非常重要的技术参数,且是控制滑模滑升速度的依据,也是滑模能否提升的前提条件。阐述了通过对现场混凝土试件进行抗压强度检测,采用线性回归分析方法得出了该配合比混凝土在20 h内的时间与抗压强度关系曲线,依据该关系式推出了调压井20 h内混凝土随时间增长的连续强度,从而判断出滑模是否满足提升要求,进而确定出滑模的滑升时间。该方法的采用减少了取样频次、检测时间与检测成本,能够更加便捷、快速地在施工现场计算出混凝土强度是否满足滑模滑升要求。

阶梯式治疗与早期胰岛素强化治疗2型糖尿病的效果比较

目的将阶梯式治疗与早期胰岛素强化治疗2型糖尿病的效果及对其血糖血脂水平、胰岛功能及不良反应发生率的影响进行对照分析。方法选取2021年11月至2022年10月辽宁省健康产业集团铁煤总医院内分泌科收治的80例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为研究组(40例)与常规组(40例),常规组采用阶梯式治疗方案,研究组采用接受早期胰岛素强化治疗。比较两组患者的血糖水平、血脂水平、胰岛功能及不良反应发生率。结果两组患者不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组的血糖水平、血脂水平低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组的HOMA-β水平高于常规组,研究组HOMA-IR水平低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对2型糖尿病患者给予早期胰岛素强化治疗可有效控制患者血糖水平,使其胰岛功能得到了有效的改善。

Early morning off in patients with Parkinson's disease:a Chinese nationwide study and a 7-question screening scale

Background:Early morning off(EMO)is a common feature of Parkinson's disease(PD).This study aimed to characterize its clinical features and develop a convenient and pragmatic self-assessment instrument in a Chinese nationwide population.Methods:This study was conducted on 942 PD patients admitted to 55 clinic centers for movement disorders between June 2018 and May 2019 in China.Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to determine potential risk factors and the most predictive symptoms of EMO,as well as whether EMO was an independent risk factor of functional dependency in daily life.Based on this,a 7-question scale was derived for EMO screening.Diagnostic accuracy of this scale was assessed from the area under the receiver operative characteristic curve(AUROC)and its 95%confidence intervals(CIs).We further calculated sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)for the optimal cutoff point.Results:EMO occurred in 49.2%of PD patients across all disease stages.We identified 7 symptoms most predictive of EMO,including bradykinesia or rigidity,excessive sweating or salivation,ificulty in turning on or getting out of bed,muscle cramp,fatigue or sleepiness,frozen state or freezing gait,and tremor.The resulting 7-item scale was confirmed to be of good discrimination with a relatively large AUROC of 0.83,a relatively high sensitivity of 75.7%,specificity of 77.5%,PPV of 76.5%,and NPV of 76.7%.Nonideal nighttime sleep,long PD duration,advanced H&Y stages,posture instability gait difficulty-dominant or mixed subtypes,and high levodopa dose were independently associated with increased risk of EMO.EMO patients were at 87%higher(OR=1.87,95%C:1.07-3.32)risk of experiencing functional dependency in daily living compared with their counterparts.Conclusions:We demonstrated that EMO is a common feature for PD patients across all disease stages and put forward an EMO-specific screening card of sufficient accuracy and brevity.Meanwhile,we have thrown some light upon potential determinants and negative health effects of EMO.Our findings may exert great impact on improving the awareness,recognition and management of EMO in PD patients.

补肾养阴丸对早期糖尿病肾病的治疗效果分析

目的探讨补肾养阴丸对早期糖尿病肾病的治疗效果。方法非随机选取梅州市中医医院于2023年1月—2024年2月收治的80例早期糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,按照治疗方法分为两组,每组40例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦片,治疗组给予补肾养阴丸治疗。比较两组临床疗效、中医症候积分、血糖相关指标、24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率及肾功能水平。结果治疗24周后,治疗组的临床疗效(92.5%)显著优于对照组(72.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.541,P<0.05);治疗组的中医症候积分、血糖相关指标均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);治疗组的24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率、肾功能指标较对照组明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论早期糖尿病肾病患者使用补肾养阴丸可以有效改善临床症状,调节血糖水平以及降低24 h尿蛋白水平,对肾功能的改善也有显著作用。

不同时间点尿白蛋白/肌酐比值在诊断2型糖尿病早期肾损伤中的应用

目的：研究2型糖尿病患者不同时间点尿白蛋白／肌酐比值（ACR）与24h尿白蛋白（24huA）的相关性，探讨采用不同时间点尿ACR替代24huA用于2型糖尿病早期肾损伤筛查的应用价值。方法：收集89例住院2型糖尿病患者24h尿及不同时间点尿（主要是晨尿和随机尿）标本，比较不同时间点尿ACR与24hUA的相关性、诊断敏感度及特异度；同时以24huA为标准，建立不同时间点尿ACR的ROC曲线，并比较ROC曲线下面积。结果：不同尿液留取方式中晨尿及随机尿ACR分别为9．02（5．69。11．64）mg／mmol及8．65（5．80-11．83）mg／mmol，组间比较差异无统计学意义（Z=1．107，P〉0．05）。随机尿ACR与晨尿ACR相关分析显示两者呈高度相关（r=0．951，P〈0．01）；晨尿ACR、随机尿ACR与24huA均具有高度相关性，r分别为0．886及0．859（P〈0．01）；晨尿ACR诊断白蛋白尿的敏感度及特异度分别为92．6％及87．5％，随机尿ACR分别为90．1％及87．5％，两者相近。以24hUA作为判断标准，进行ROC曲线分析显示，晨尿、随机尿ACR的ROC曲线下面积分别为（0．954±0．022）及（0．960±0．021），组间比较差异无统计学意义（Z=1．107，P〉0．05）。结论：晨尿及随机尿ACR与24huA均具有较好的相关性．均可替代24hUA。但因随机尿ACR更方便留取尿液标本，可以较好地替代24hUA作为2型糖尿病早期肾损伤的筛查及监测指标．

柠条抗旱的生理生态与土壤水分关系的研究

采用LI－1600气孔计和压力室测试了风沙土上生长的柠条的SPAC系统的水分关系和P－V水分特征曲线，结果表明：当沙土含水率（W）的水分特征曲线的回归方程为：ψs=-40．32196×0．427905W，沙土平均含水率大于45％，柠条固沙林生长正常，叶水势高。沙土含水率小于4．5％时，柠条生长速度显著下降，柠条清晨叶水势（ψm）与沙土含水率（W）的回归方程为：ψm=－0．35926·e6．31144／W，风沙土上生长的柠条的“经济水阈”大约在4．5％左右，“生命水阈”大约在3．5％左右。

上海世博会可变车道设置方案研究

保障上海世博交通顺利运行不能单纯依靠增加道路供给,更要提高已有交通设施的利用效率。由世博出行需求与供给矛盾出发,说明实施世博可变车道技术的必要性。重点考虑世博交通与日常背景交通之间的协调,提出世博可变车道的设置原则。以上海市林浦路为例,从可行性、方案设计、控制系统、相关设施设置、配套措施五个方面分析世博可变车道的实施方案。最后,对林浦路设置可变车道技术的实施效果进行评价,饱和度指标对比结果表明,采用可变车道技术可显著减轻早晚高峰主流向交通压力,提高世博通道的服务水平。

妊娠反应与孕早期碘营养和垂体-甲状腺功能的关系

目的 揭示妊娠反应对垂体 -甲状腺功能的影响。方法 收集在市妇幼医院确诊的第 12～ 14周孕早期及同龄婚检妇女血及尿。血碘采用改进的砷铈催化分光光度法 ,FT4 、FrT3、sTSH用化学发光法测定 ,妊娠反应采用评分量化。结果 47例妊娠反应阳性的血清碘 (G) 61 2 μg/L ,尿碘 (G) 15 2 1μg/L ,FT4 为 14 42pmol/L ,FrT3/FT4 为0 3 46,sTSH为 3 78mU/L ,分别低于和高于妊娠反应阴性组和未孕组 (P均 <0 0 1) ,阳性组尿碘 <10 0 μg/L有 2 0 %及sTSH >5 0mU/L有 8 6%。除未孕组FT4 与FrT3无相关性外 ,余下妊娠反应阳性程度与血清碘和FT4 及sTSH均有密切相关 (r=0 65 4和r=- 0 3 5 4,P <0 0 1及P <0 0 5 )。结论 妊娠反应对孕早期碘营养代谢、垂体 -甲状腺功能减弱有协同作用 。

碘营养充足地区孕早期尿碘含量及妊娠反应关系

目的 探索孕早期碘营养变化及妊娠反应的主要影响。方法 一次收集在本市区内连续居住 3年以上、经济收入中等水平的孕早期妇女妊娠反应问卷及晨尿 ,采用GB/T - 1998测定尿中碘。结果 早孕组尿碘 (G) 14 6 5 μg/L ,极显著低于同龄未孕组和孕中期组 (2 93 9μg/L和 182 6 μg/LP均 <0 0 1)。妊娠反应阳性组尿碘 (113 0 μg/L和碘<10 0 μg/L有 2 9 8% ) ,与妊娠反应阴性组 (2 2 1 8μg/L和 2 7% )的差异均有极显著性意义 (P均 <0 0 1)。结论 妊娠早期末就有碘营养水平下降的发生 ,妊娠反应对此有协同作用。