Contribution and Modern Public Debt:On the Nature of Patriotic Public Debt in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency between form and content,institutional provisions and actual implementation.The modern nature of public debt must have both the form and content of modern public debt.Based on the analysis of the issuing background,system design,collection and repayment of patriotic bonds in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it is considered that the part of patriotic bonds subscribed by the Qing royal family is still the nature of donation and return,while the part subscribed by ordinary businessmen and people in the early Republic of China has a modern nature.The dual nature of patriotic bonds is closely related to the social background when the bonds are issued.

The Structural Characteristics of Side-Opening Costumes during the Republic Period of China

The structural characteristics of Chinese side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China were investigated.By measuring and recovering the physical structures of side-opening costume objects from the Folk Costumes Biography Museum of Jiangnan University,three structural characteristics were analyzed.These structural characteristics show that most of the side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China remain traditional Chinese costume structures.The general structural characteristics of side-opening costumes are concluded and the structural cutting methods can inspire current designs as well as provide useful references for contemporary fashion designers.

Functional Features and Layouts of Yangzhou Residential Gardens in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China: A Case Study of Residential Gardens of Officials, Merchants and Literati

On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.

Countermeasures and Prevention of Railway Traffic Accidents in the Early Days of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to restore the national economy as soon as possible,the Communist Party of China carried out maintenance and repairs on the railways that caused serious damage to transportation tasks through war-torn smoke,and carried out large-scale railway construction.However,in the course of operation,railway safety accidents occur frequently due to outdated equipment,low quality of staff,lack of rules and regulations,vandalism,and various natural disasters.In the face of severe conditions,the railway authorities summed up the accidents and learned the safety of the railways,so that the railway transportation industry,which started after the founding of the country,was gradually on the right track,and laid a solid foundation for the safe development of the railway industry.

The Rise and Fall of Overseas Chinese Problem in the Early Republic of China

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early R epublic of China,foreign invasion made China suffer from an unprecedented humiliation,and the W estern powers initiated a commercial intrusion by forcing China to sign unequal treaties and open treaty ports. From this perspective,a deep exploration is made to study the corresponding influence and its function. The rule shows that the developing route of national politics,economy and culture can determine the trend of the development of overseas Chinese problem; in addition,it objectively reflects that the social nature is vital to overseas Chinese problem.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

Rural Survey of Agricultural College of University of Nanking in the Republic of China and Its Realistic Enlightenment

In the new era of implementing the rural revitalization strategy,it is necessary and indispensable to review and sort out the rural survey of the Agricultural College of University of Nanking and think about its beneficial enlightenment.

A Brief Reading of the Republic of China Era Journal "Chinese Medicine Pillar Monthly"

As one of the many traditional Chinese medicine journals in the Republic of China(ROC)era,the journal"Chinese Medicine Pillar Monthly"had been published for 11 consecutive years.It has rich content and covers a wide range of topics.It has important reference value for studying the direction of cultural development,political dynamics,and development trends of Chinese and Western medicine during the ROC era,and the journal was intended to spread the classics and clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine,making it a medical treasure house.This paper mainly introduces the current status of the journal,the date of its inception,and its main content,features and contributions.

Origin of Qipao Fashion in Early Republic Period

The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion. Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

Between Tradition and Modernity:The Re-trial System of the Beiyang Period in the Early Republic of China(1912-1928)

During the Beiyang period of the early Republic of China,the re-trial system 覆判 referred to the practice where cases considered by the county magistrate had to be sent to the provincial high court for re-trial to ensure that the case facts were true,the law was correctly applied,and the penalties were appropriate.The scope of the re-trial cases continuously expanded from 1912 to 1922 and,finally,the Amendment to the Statutes on the Re-trial System in 1922 stipulated that all cases under the jurisdiction of the district courts where county magistrates tried,whether through appeal or re-trial,had to be re-tried by the high court or its branches.The adjustment of the scope of the re-trial cases was closely related to the extent to which the county magistrates'judicial discretion was restricted.During the Beiyang period,due to the failure to establish fornial courts of the first instance in counties throughout the country,the county magistrates concurrently handled judicial affairs,which inevitably caused the magistrates’judicial discretion.The re-trial system was originally designed to compensate for the drawbacks of county magistrates managing judicial affairs and to facilitate the transition within the judicial system.However,the interpretation of the role of the re-trial system should not be limited to reconciliation and adaptation of the old and new judicial systems in the Beiyang period but also to compensate for the deficiencies of county magistrates,judgments by continuously improving the re-trial procedure and to ensure the fairness of justice through restrictions on the judicial discretion of county magistrates,the enjoyment of equality of procedures,and the establishment of supervision procedures.

A Typical Production and Elimination Process of Particles in Beijing during Early 2008 Olympic Games

[Objective] The aim was to discuss he produce and elimination rules of particles in Beijing during early 2008 Olympic Games. [Method] Based on the analysis of particulate matter online observation data and meteorological data during the corresponding period in Chinese environmental science college, Hysplit Back trace model and Numerical weather prediction graphs, and combined with the different analytical methods on meteorological flow fields, a typical process of particles in Beijing during early 2008 Olympic Games was studied. [Result] The results indicated that during the ascent stage of PM2.5 concentration, the PM showed gradually aging phenomena; the process controlled by large scale synoptic system mainly. And the weak wind and the high humidity were not in favor of dispersion; the prolonged southerly air mass to bring the pollutant of Hebei, Taijin and Shandong to Beijing; mixing height and temperature curve took the importance role to the pollution. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the discussion on factors influencing the production and elimination of particles in the air pollution process.

基于adobe acrobat professional的民国期刊数字化建设——以《农学报》为例

通过介绍华南农业大学图书馆利用adobe acrobat professional对《农学报》进行数字化建设的经验,和方便读者利用数字化民国期刊而对期刊内容建立目录索引的方法,从而总结出利用adobe acrobat professional对民国期刊内容建立目录索引的规范要求。

An introduction to the history of the library communication between China and the United States in the Republic of China period: Literature review, knowledge base and the division of historical periods

The history of library communication between China and the United States in the Republic of China period is an important topic for understanding the origin of China’s librarianship and Library Science.

国际体育参与对民族国家意识的建构——基于民国时期中国参与远东运动会和奥运会的考察

20世纪初,中国在世界资本主义洪流的席卷下开启了构建现代民族国家的历程。受西方文化的影响,现代体育在清末民初传入中国之际即被引以为“救国强种”的有效途径,并与政治紧密结合。借助文献资料,运用史学研究的基本方法,基于中国在20世纪上半叶的远东运动会及奥运会参与史,发现在民国时期通过国际体育参与,包括收回国人体育领导权、积极参与国际体育竞争等,强化了中国的独立自主意识,推动了民众参与国家政治议程,塑造了国民的国家意识和民族认同,并借助远东运动会和奥运会在争取国际合法权益、表达国家立场及输出民族传统体育文化等行动中推进了作为现代民族国家的外交进程,表达了参与国际事务、融入国际社会的意愿。

晚清民国常武地区针灸医家挖掘和整理

晚清至民国时期,在常武地区,以费、马、巢、丁为代表的孟河医派,在中医的发展史上留下过浓墨重彩的一笔,这四大医家均是以内外科而闻名于世。在同时期,常武地区同样走出了很多著名的针灸医家。文章通过整理和发掘,回溯常武地区走出的针灸医家的故事,研究其对针灸发展的主要贡献,丰富常武地区针灸学术史。

民国时期文献普查工作实践与思考——以中国科学院文献情报中心为例

文章以中国科学院文献情报中心对14 000余种民国时期文献开展普查工作的实践及经验为基础,介绍了民国时期文献普查工作中存在的问题和解决方法,如分阶段开展普查工作、编目实践中增加著录字段等,进而提出需要重视典藏史、重视文献的破损定级,将文献保护作为普查工作的第一要务的观点,并要从多方面培养普查人员的民国时期文献鉴藏能力,结合馆藏史开发馆藏以推进后期的文献保护和开发工作。

民国时期自行车与城市社会生活方式变迁研究(1927—1936)

民国时期是中国近代社会的转型时期,各种西方消费品纷纷进入中国。西方先进的新式交通工具传入中国后,不仅改变了旧式交通工具的主导地位,也带来了传统社会观念与消费风尚的悄然变化。随着城市道路与交通设施的逐渐完善,自行车作为城市交通工具开始流行,不仅使人们的出行更加快捷、舒适、方便,而且产生了一系列的社会文化效应。那些有能力消费的社会阶层,把自行车当作日常生活的重要交通工具,同时也是一种社会身份的象征。自行车也被有限地投入公用,成为邮差等部门的交通工具,提高了工作效率。自行车的进口,也促使自行车民族工业的发展,尽管产品仿制的过程在外来自行车的冲击下依然艰难。西方器物的进口,产生的文化冲击效应是非常直接的,不仅仅是外在改变了中国传统交通工具,促进新行业的兴起,而且带来深层次的变化。这种消费品的供给,满足了经济发达城市市民的生活需求,提高了生活质量,也给人们的社会生活带来影响。自行车可以视为一种物质文化符号,在传播过程中,自行车从奢侈品到逐渐融入日常百姓的社会生活之中,最后成了中国人特别喜爱的交通工具,是近代中国社会文化演变的缩影。

民国时期职业教育资源分布研究

民国时期我国职业教育资源在国家政策等因素影响下,呈现出时间、空间及不同类型职业学校分布有所差异的特征,主要表现为地区分布不均衡但逐渐全面,集中于公立职业学校之中,抗日战争全面爆发前后分布有所差异等。民国时期职业教育资源分布是我国当前职业教育资源分布的基础,也为我国当前职业教育资源分布提供了相应镜鉴:承接分布传统,实现职业教育资源合理分布;完善国家顶层设计,均衡职业教育资源分布;优化职业教育资源供给,形成优质资源共享;加强专项建设,提高薄弱地区资源配置效率;国内外职业教育资源协同共建,引进国外职业教育资源。

慢熟的土地:清末到民国的云南话剧文学(1913—1949年)

云南话剧文学的发展起步很早,经历了从萌芽到潮起、寂寞呐喊和学步模仿再到激情怒火中的爆发几个阶段,有学生的集体创作,也有个人的苦闷绝叫,还有时代催生的民族激情,更有民主大潮中的社会呐喊。云南话剧文学创作演出的构成分为本土剧作家的本土创作演出和外来剧作家在云南的“在地”创作演出。在这一时期里,云南现代话剧文学创作蹒跚地走向初步成型,耕耘中,远远守望着姗姗来迟的成熟。