Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Response Capabilities of Public Health Emergencies in Grassroots Disease Control Institutions in a Certain Area

Objective:To survey and study the emergency response capabilities of grassroots disease control institutions in a certain area for public health emergencies,and to put forward suggestions for rectification.Methods:The study was carried out from March 2022 to March 2023.Field surveys,questionnaire surveys,and interviews were used to investigate and analyze the emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies in 5 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in the region.Results:Through the survey,it was found that the professional level of the existing emergency team personnel of the grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.There was an overall lack of emergency plans,and the compliance rate of the equipment,inspection,and testing items was low.The health emergency system of the CDCs in the region and the ability of the talent team need to be further improved.Conclusion:The emergency response capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.For this reason,government departments need to increase investment and strengthen the construction of talent teams and hardware settings,and grassroots disease control institutions need to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency system to improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies.

Survey study of the etiology of non-traumatic altered consciousness in the Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital in Egypt

BACKGROUND Disorders of consciousness including coma in non-trauma patients can be caused by a wide variety of pathologies affecting the central nervous system.They represent a frequent challenge in emergency medicine and are combined with a very high in-hospital mortality.Hence,early treatment of these patients is vital and increases the likelihood of a good outcome.AIM To identify the causes of altered consciousness presentation to the Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital.METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 87 patients with acute non-traumatic disturbed level of consciousness(DLOC)at the Emergency Department.RESULTS The mean age of the studied patients was 60.5±13.6 years.Among them,60%were males and 40%were females.The most common cause of acute non-traumatic DLOC was systemic infection,such as sepsis and septic shock(25.3%),followed by respiratory causes(24.1%)and neurological causes(18.4%).CONCLUSION The most common cause of acute non-traumatic DLOC was systemic infections followed by respiratory and neurological causes.

An Uneven Impact of Emerging Technologies on Taxpayers With Various Income Levels Audited by the IRS: Empirical Evidence From an AI Technology Application and Regression Models

This study aims to investigate the influence of emerging technology adoption on tax compliance, encompassing both the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) compliance audits and taxpayers’ compliance performance (collectively, tax compliance). We employed the Gradient Descent optimization algorithm, an artificial intelligence (AI) technology application, to scrutinize the connection between the quality of US tax filings and the development of emerging technology, among other contributing factors. Additionally, we utilized multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationships between dependent variables, specifically IRS audit rates and the no-change rate at different income levels,1 and several independent variables, including a proxy for emerging technology in the form of tax software. Our findings reveal that while emerging technology significantly impacts tax compliance within the IRS and taxpayers’ performance, its effects vary across income groups. Notably, emerging technology seems to confer greater advantages to higher-income individuals compared to their lower-income counterparts. These study results hold considerable policy implications for government decision-makers in promoting the adoption of emerging technology among lower-income taxpayers.

Economic Responsibility Audit of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government at the Grassroots Level-Existing Problems and Countermeasures

Economic responsibility audit is an important part of the socialist audit supervision system with Chinese characteristics.It is an important responsibility of audit institutions at all levels to carry out economic responsibility audit.This article conducts a comprehensive and profound analysis of the problems existing in the current grassroots economic responsibility audit work.In addition,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in this article,which are of positive significance to promote the economic responsibility audit work of leading cadres.

高速公路ATB-30粗粒式沥青碎石上基层施工技术及应用

高速公路路面结构施工质量关系着公路运营期交通安全,随着高速公路网的逐步完善,路面施工技术得到了快速发展,需要结合工程实际情况开展施工,而沥青路面作为上部结构层,其施工的优劣更能直接决定道路使用寿命及行车舒适度。本文以山西省西纵高速右玉至平鲁段路基路面第SG4合同段路面施工为工程依托,根据500m试验段总结得出的施工参数,进一步提炼形成了ATB-30粗粒式沥青碎石上基层成套施工技术,并在右玉至平鲁段后续路面工程施工中取得了成功应用,各项检测指标均满足设计及规范要求,颇具施工借鉴意义。

Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage

Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.

Civil Society in Traditional China: Governance and Ownership System——Evidence from Construction and Management of Public Facilities in the Qing Dynasty

This paper focuses on the bridge council and free ferry services as the private organizers of public infrastructure construction in the Qing Dynasty, uncovers the legal entity ownership system and governance model with China's native origin, and reveals the attributes and characteristics of ownership by legal entities in China's traditional era. Bridge councils and free ferry services are non-profit and non-government public-interest institutions, whose members were elected by local communities. These councils were responsible for the fundraising, construction, and long-term maintenance and operation of public facilities and infrastructure at the grassroots level. They adopted open and transparent management procedures and could coordinate cross-jurisdictional affairs and mediate disputes. They possessed independent assets such as lands and fund reserves, and such exclusive legal-entity ownership received protection from the government and under the laws. Such form of legal-entity ownership provided the institutional foundation for the development of clans, temples, charitable groups, academies of classical learning, and various associations and societies. These self-organizing groups demonstrate remarkable mobilization and organizational capabilities and institutional creativity of civil society in traditional China. They served as a link between the government and communities and played a unique and active role in maintaining social order at the grassroots level.

An Emergency Shelter Location Model Based on the Sense of Security and the Reliability Level

Based on the value function of the prospect theory,this paper constructs a security function,which is used to describe the victims’feelings about the distance in emergency evacuation.Since different paths between the demand points and the emergency shelters are generally of different importance degrees,they are divided into main paths and auxiliary paths.The security function values and the reliability levels of main paths and auxiliary paths are given different weights.The weighted sum of the security function values and the weighted sum of the reliability level function values of all demand points are maximized to determine the location and the number of the emergency shelters,the transfer paths,the reinforced edges and the incremental reliability level of the selected edge.In order to solve the model,a two-stage simulated annealing-particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed.In this algorithm,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is embedded into the simulated annealing(SA)algorithm.The cumulative probability operator and the cost probability operator are formed to determine the evolution of the particles.Considering the budget constraint,the algorithm eliminates the shelter combinations that do not meet the constraint,which greatly saves the calculation time and improves the efficiency.The proposed algorithm is applied to a case,which verifies its feasibility and stability.The model and the algorithm of this paper provide a basis for emergency management departments to make the earthquake emergency planning.

Influence of the Gender of Business Managers on Corporate Corruption in Emerging Countries

The influence of the gender of business managers in emerging countries on the corruption behaviors of a firm is studied on the basis of firm-level data from World Bank.It is discovered that women’s participation in management is directly proportional to the possibility of corporate corruption.In view of the Theoretical Analysis system,due to the poorly standardized market systems and policy environments in emerging countries,the corruption level of firms in emerging countries is higher.Meanwhile,due to the vulnerability of female-managed firms in emerging countries,female managers are more likely to make corrupt decisions and the corruption level of such firms is higher.

General Relativity as the Classical Limit of the Renormalizable Gauge Theory of Volume Preserving Diffeomorphisms

The different roles and natures of spacetime appearing in a quantum field theory and in classical physics are analyzed implying that a quantum theory of gravitation is not necessarily a quantum theory of curved spacetime. Developing an alternative approach to quantum gravity starts with the postulate that inertial energy-momentum and gravitational energy-momentum need not be the same for virtual quantum states. Separating their roles naturally leads to the quantum gauge field theory of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of an inner four-dimensional space. The classical limit of this theory coupled to a quantized scalar field is derived for an on-shell particle where inertial energy-momentum and gravitational energy-momentum coincide. In that process the symmetry under volume-preserving diffeomorphisms disappears and a new symmetry group emerges: the group of coordinate transformations of four-dimensional spacetime and with it General Relativity coupled to a classical relativistic point particle.

基于TIG模式的层级培训对妇幼医院急诊护士核心能力及岗位胜任力的影响

目的 探讨基于TIG模式的层级培训对妇幼医院急诊护士核心能力及岗位胜任力的影响。方法 选取2020年6月—2022年5月妇幼医院急诊护士68名,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(34名)和研究组(34名)。对照组采用传统培训,研究组采用基于TIG模式的层级培训。对比两组护士培训结束时理论及操作考核成绩、核心能力及岗位胜任力。结果 研究组护士理论及操作考核成绩与对照组比较均明显升高,差异明显(P<0.05)。研究组护士岗位胜任力评估量表各维度评分与对照组比均明显升高,差异明显(P<0.05)。研究组护士核心能力量表各维度评分与对照组比均明显升高,差异明显(P<0.05)。结论 基于TIG模式的层级培训有助于提升妇幼医院急诊护士理论及操作考核成绩、核心能力、岗位胜任力。

目标导向模式改善基层血液透析质量的临床研究

目的探讨目标导向模式在提升基层血液透析质量中的效果。方法以2021年10月—2022年3月于郑州大学第一附属医院南院区接受维持性血液透析治疗的基层患者为研究对象,观察目标导向模式管理6 m后,患者血管通路、临床指标、生活质量和卫生经济学指标等的改善情况。结果共纳入85例患者。与基线相比,6 m后带隧道带涤纶套导管的使用比例由42.35%降至27.06%(χ_(2)=6.303,P=0.043),单室尿素清除指数<1.2的患者比例降至7.05%(χ_(2)=21.182,P<0.001),透析间期体质量增加<5%干体质量的患者比例增至70.59%(χ_(2)=43.895,P<0.001),血红蛋白(χ_(2)=15.824,P=0.001)、血钾(χ_(2)=4.541,P=0.033)、血白蛋白(χ_(2)=31.224,P<0.001)、血磷(χ_(2)=17.306,P<0.001)及全段甲状旁腺激素(χ_(2)=17.162,P<0.001)达标率均提高;患者满意度由48.24%上升至100%(χ_(2)=59.365,P<0.001),生活质量评分提高(t=-22.455,P<0.001);直接医疗总成本无明显增加(t=1.387,P=0.167)。结论目标导向模式有效改善了基层患者的血液透析质量,利于患者并发症控制及生活质量提高,且不额外增加医疗花费,具有较强的应用价值。

基层中医药适宜技术遴选指标体系的构建

目的:构建基层中医药适宜技术评价遴选指标体系。方法:对山东、四川等11个代表性省份进行调研和文献研究,收集、汇总已有的基层中医药适宜技术相关遴选指标体系;组织权威专家对既往基层中医药适宜技术相关遴选指标体系遴选维度和遴选指标进行合并、增删等操作,初步得出基层中医药适宜技术相关遴选指标体系;组织专家开展初步遴选,收集专家对遴选指标体系的意见;组织15个省(区、市)开展正式遴选,收集各省份对遴选指标体系的建议。结果:从安全性、有效性、规范性、经济性、推广性5个维度构建了基层中医药适宜技术遴选指标体系,该遴选指标体系包括5个一级指标,12个二级指标和54个三级指标,且实现了量化评分。结论:本研究建立的基层中医药适宜技术遴选指标体系具有科学、系统和可操作性强等特点,可为基层中医药适宜技术的遴选提供参考工具。

基层应急治理能力提升:类型、梗阻与策略——基于“主体—情境—技术”分析框架

基层应急治理能力体系是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,基层应急治理能力直接彰显了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。主体、情境与技术是基层应急治理能力提升的关键要素,通过建构“主体—情境—技术”分析框架,将实践案例归结为主体协同型、情境主导型与技术主导型三种基层应急治理实践类型。在基层应急治理能力提升过程中,仍面临“科层—社会”存在张力与应急信任合作机制缺失,常态预防预警能力欠缺与非常态响应机制运转不畅,数据共享链条易被阻断与“技术决定论”思维固化等现实困境。为切实提升基层应急治理能力,需要打造“一核多元”协同应急格局,灵活调适“常态—非常态”应急治理重心,增强基层智慧应急治理实效。

“平急转换”:理解基层韧性治理的新视角

随着社会流动性增强,基层治理面临易变性、不确定性、复杂性和模糊性的挑战,提升公共部门应对风险的组织韧性,是推进基层治理现代化的应有之义。通过区分基层事务的常态与急迫议题,从政策反馈视角构建“平急转换”分析框架,根据公共权力的介入程度,剖析基层韧性治理的两种模式,即规则引领的协同治理模式及权威引领的整合治理模式,并阐述两者的适用场景。基于北京市S区物业管理改革的案例研究发现:在急迫场景下,公共部门深度介入物业事务,提升了问题处置能力;随着问题趋于缓和,公共部门调整注意力分配,减少直接介入,从应急物业转向常态物业。在有限的资源条件下,韧性治理意味着决策者需要区分公共事务的轻重缓急,根据政策实施的反馈信息,把握好调整时机,在整合治理与协同治理模式之间进行灵活转换。

非对称自信水平下突发事件响应等级研判方法——基于自信度调整视角

新形势下我国社会安全事件系统性风险凸显造成应急响应等级研判难度跃升,针对专家非对称自信水平下突发事件响应等级研判难题,建立基于信任的专家自信度调整策略,提出专家自信水平影响的应急响应等级研判方法。该方法利用专家提供的信任度和熟悉度构成二元函数描述专家间信任关系,构建基于信任机制的专家自信度调整策略,通过分析非对称自信水平中蕴含的专家研判不确定性,基于证据理论提出应急响应等级研判问题建模方法。在此基础上,综合证据的来源重要度和自身可信度,提出考虑决策者风险偏好的证据可靠度计算方法,赋予证据不同重要性以实现专家研判信息的准确融合,为突发事件应急响应等级综合研判提供决策支持。最后,利用算例验证了方法的实用性与先进性。结果表明:相比投票、权威等常用决策方法,本文所提方法适用性更广、可信性更高、实用性更强。

末梢治理:中国式现代化进程中筑牢基层基础的实现路径

基层在国家治理结构中处于基础性地位。基于弥补科层化治理回应性不足以及破解治理“悬浮化”的需要,突出人民性和精细化的对基层的末梢治理应运而生。顺应属地管理和属性治理相融合的趋势,末梢治理把被动式治理转化为积极回应式治理。除了治理重心下沉和治理空间拓展之外,它还推动基层社会的安定有序且充满活力。通过构建“纵向到底与横向到边”融合共生的闭环式治理体系,它彰显制度优势以强化组织基础,注重治理为民以夯实社会基础,拓展治理空间以提升能力基础,重视数字赋能以稳固智治基础。依托组织协同、社会联动和民众参与的共同缔造机制,它积极调适治理结构、优化治理理念、调整治理策略并完善治理机制,增强敏捷治理和回应能力,进而更好地筑牢基层基础。

高校基层党建工作品牌创建及实施路径研究

高校基层党组织是贯彻落实党的路线方针政策和决策部署的最前沿阵地。要守好这块阵地,最重要的就是要创新性地开展工作,即创建党建工作品牌。党建工作品牌是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物,它集党建与品牌建设于一身,在遵循品牌建设规律基础上,挖掘党建工作新模式。因此,创建党建工作品牌,要从三个方面着手:一是深层次认识党建工作品牌创建理论基础,解决好“是什么”问题;二是深层次认识党建工作品牌创建价值意蕴,解决好“为什么”问题;三是多维度、多角度探索高校党建工作品牌创建路径,解决好“怎么做”问题。

基层治理现代化视域下农村女性参与村级治理实践研究

农村女性公共参与是妇女发展的重要内容。随着基层治理转型,农村女性不但在村干部职数中占比增加,而且越来越多女性占据权力结构核心地位,村庄层面“妇女当家”现象明显。与男性村干部相比,女性村干部注重服务意识、以心换心,能够守规矩有底线,女性参与村级治理具有柔性治理、情感治理和规范治理特征。基层治理转型下村级行政化和村干部职业化,村庄内部事务由利益纠纷型转向社会动员型,女性为谋求效用最大化的家庭发展策略,主动参与到村级治理中,满足其经济、抚育和赡养等多重复合性目标。从影响来看,农村女性参与村级治理有助于构建回应型基层政府和平权型村级权力结构,促进多元共治格局,提升女性村庄话语权。随着越来越多农村女性成为村干部,政府应该加强乡村治理中的女性领导力,为女性村干部提供有利的外部支持系统。

基于应急管理全过程均衡理论的县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理研究——以资阳市安岳县为例

在面对突发公共卫生事件时,县级公立医院主导的救治体系是应对突发公共卫生事件、保障人民生命安全和身体健康的重要基础,是应对突发公共卫生事件实施医疗救援的主阵地。本文基于应急管理全过程均衡理论的“6+1”框架模型,以四川省安岳县县级公立医院为研究对象,对该县县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理流程进行分析,梳理县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件的特点,针对不足和短板提出优化安岳县县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理的路径,以期提升县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理的能力与水平。