Impact of coal gangue on the level of main trace elements in the shallow groundwater of a mine reclamation area

Coal gangue is the most used filling material during reclamation of areas suffering subsidence from min- ing. Main trace element levels (F, As, Hg, and Pb) in shallow groundwater in the reclamation area may be affected by leaching from the gangue. This can has an impact on the application of the water for agricul- tural irrigation or use as drinking water. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effect coal gangue has on the shallow groundwater of a reclaimed area. We studied the effect of coal gangue on fluo- rine, arsenic, mercury, and lead levels in the shallow groundwater of a reclamation area by testing the water and the coal gangue. One well near the reclamation area was used as a control well and element levels in water from this well and from the soil next to the well were also measured. The results show that the levels of these elements are increasing in the reclamation area over time. The increase in fluorine, arsenic, mercury, and lead in monitor wells varies from 7.42% to 8.26%, from 7.13% to 7.90%, from 4.85% to 6.48%, and from 4.69% to 6.42%, respectively. Fluorine and arsenic levels are lower in monitor wells than in the control water. The other elements are found in greater concentration than in the control. The Nemerow index also indicates that the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area I is moderately affected by the back-filling coal gangue, while the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area II and III are slightly affected by the back-filling coal gangue. This shallow groundwater could be used for agri- cultural irrigation or for drinking.

Studies on the Ecology of Fouling Community in Daguanban Reclamation Area of Luoyuan Bay

The test panels have been set for one year in the waters of Daguanban reclamation area of Luoyuan Bay to investigate the ecology of fouling community. 39 species of animals and 8 species of algae have been recorded during the investigation. The main period of settlement extends from May to October. The peak periods of biomass and covered area rate of the panels have been observed from Juneto September Balanus reticulatus, Bugula neritina, Molgula manhattensis, Tubularia mesembryanthemun and Enteromopha interstinalis are the dominant species in the fouling community. Species diversity index, species richness, species evenness and environmental factors are determined, the results of which indicate that water flow speed is the most important factor influencing the species and quantity composition of the fouling community.As to the mariculture production in the reclamation area, the main harmful period ranges from June to September.

The environment of coal mining areas and the economic evaluation of the land reclamation

The environment impact of the coal resources mining was analyzed. The method of economic evaluation for the coal mining was established to analyze land destruction. The opportunity cost method was used to quantitatively analyze and estimate the economic loss of the land destruction by coal mining. At the same time, the dump land reclamation of the Yuanbaoshan Open Pit was taken as an example to evaluate environmental and economical benefit with the method of economic evaluation for the coal mining areas land reclamation.

Impact of Sand Mining and Sea Reclamation on the Environment and Socioeconomic Activities of Ikate and Ilubirin Coastal Low Income Communities in Lagos Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria

Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Results of water revealed concentrations lower than WHO (2017) and SON (2007) standards. Soil/sediment with average crustal value revealed Pb and Cd above standard values, which is attributed to anthropogenic influence on soils. Quality of air in the study was mainly particulate matter arising from the sea and reclaimed land in the surroundings of the environment with the highest Total Suspended Particulate of 0.8 mg/m3 in sulfur dioxide. This explains corrosion found on the roofs of the communities. Therefore, in the development planning adequate precautions should be put in place to avert environmental degradation.

Suitability evaluation for land reclamation in mining area:A case study of Gaoqiao bauxite mine

Suitability evaluation plays an important role in land reclamation because the choice of evaluation methods affects the accuracy and objectivity of the suitability evaluation results. Furthermore, it influences the decision-making related to land reclamation. An improved method, which is called limit comprehensive conditions method, was developed after different suitability evaluation methods were studied. Based on this method, the reclaimed land of the Gaoqiao bauxite mining area was evaluated. The Gaoqiao mining area was divided into seven evaluation units that were evaluated respectively by selecting evaluation factors and establishing grade standards. The results show that the proposed method is more applicable and easier to handle. Moreover, its evaluation results are more scientific compared with the traditional evaluation methods. The improved method can be beneficial to the rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.

Utilization of recycled solid waste as ecological reclamation materials based on plant growth experiments and soil quality analysis

During the highway construction,a large number of spoil areas will be generated while a large amount of waste slag and soil could not be rationally utilized.Besides,the vegetation recovery is slow in the spoil areas due to the soil depletion.Aiming at recycling the solid waste,the sieved engineering waste slag with local red clay and corn straw biochar was supplied to solve the problem of insufficient nutrients in engineering waste slag and soil.In addition,planting experiments of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)and Amorpha fruticosa L.combined with physical and chemical experiments were carried out to prove the feasibility of the novel improved substrate for the reclamation of spoil areas.The results show that the substrate's improvement effect is mainly affected by the soil to slag ratio and the biochar content.The improvement effect of soil matrix in highway spoil area decreases with the increase of the waste slag content,especially when the soil-slag ratio is less than 3,and the promotion of plants is limited.On the contrary,the improvement effect is proportional to the biochar content(3%-8%).But it is noted that the Cu and Pb in the soil will exceed the clean limit corresponding to the Nemero soil pollution index level when the biochar content is 8%.Therefore,it is recommended that the soil-slag ratio should be≥3,and the biochar content should reach 3%-5%.This research provides experimental basis and technical support for utilizing solid waste resources in the reclamation of highway spoil areas.

LAND RECLAMATION IS BASIC GUARANTEE OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN COAL MINING AREAS IN CHINA

Necessity of land reclamation is discussed, setting out viewpoint of sustainable development and land connotation and its attribute and combining destroyed forms and characteristics of land in coal mining areas. It is pointed out that land reclamation of coal mining areas is basic guarantee of solving contradiction between coal mining areas and countryside,raising life of resident and ensuring regional sustainable development.

时序InSAR地铁沿线地表形变监测研究

近年来我国陆续建设多个填海区以缓解城市用地紧张,为研究在填海区兴建地铁对沿线填海区地表的影响,本文以横穿大连填海区的地铁二号线沿线周边地区为研究区域,基于2019年10月~2020年10月的32景Senitinel-1A数据,采用时序InSAR分析方法中的SBAS-InSAR与PS-InSAR分析方法进行地表形变监测研究,利用两种方法的结果进行交叉分析、验证。实验结果表明:总体上,地铁沿线地表年均沉降量总体在-20 mm/a~+10 mm/a范围内,形变量集中在-6.7 mm/a~+7 mm/a范围内,地表轻微沉降在安全范围内;在东港填海与原有陆地交接区,发现3处区域地表形变明显,尤其在海之韵站周边范围内地表沉降较为严重,最大沉降速率为-20 mm/a,经实地验视3处区域均有明显形变。

基于SBAS-InSAR技术监测南汇新城填海区地表沉降

为分析填海新区沉降特征与原因,本文利用2020年1月-2021年10月期间的22景Sentinel-1A影像,基于SBAS-InSAR技术,获取了上海市南汇新城的地表沉降信息。并分析沉降时空变化特征,最后基于不同极化方式对监测结果进行交叉验证。结果显示:研究区内整体趋于平稳,形变速率集中在-4.6~2.3 mm/a;形变最严重区域位于滴水湖附近,最大沉降速率为-27.8 mm/a。沉降主要位于填海区,且呈现自西向东逐渐增强的不均匀沉降趋势,区域内的沉降主要与建筑设施荷载及吹填土自身压缩固结有关。

Ecology economic mode of mining area and its way to realize

Practice has proved that if the traditional economic development mode of isolating exploitation of resources from environmental protection was adopted, or the land reclaim mode of managing after having been destroyed was taken, it is unable to solve the serious environmental problem of mining area effectively. According to the thought of sustainable development, the ecology economic mode of mining area-regard mining area as one three-dimension compound ecological economic system was put forward, and the exploitation and reconstruction activities were arranged, according to the objective rule of the whole operation of ecological economy, so as to make ecology economic system’s whole function optimize, the regional ecology harmonious and the pollutant be controlled in the whole course. It was discussed that the way to realize the ecology economic mode of mining area; the ecological programming of mining area on the basis of the cleaner production and green products strategy; the whole course controlling of ecological disruption based on the ecological industrial technology; the land reclaiming on ecological agricultural technology and the integration craft of exploitation of resources and ecology reconstruction of mining area based on the two integrated new technologies; and the technological system about the programming, monitoring, and appraising on exploitation of resources and the ecological reconstruction of mining area based on “3S” technology.

Ecological Planning of Spartina alterniflora Invaded Tideland Based on Mechanical Mowing and Hydraulic Reclamation: A Case Study of Xihu Port in Xiangshan County

Spartina alterniflora is a major invasive plant in the coastal tideland of China that has serious negative impact on local economy and ecology.This paper took Hugang New Town in Xiangshan County,Zhejiang Province for example,concluded the method of controlling S.alterniflora by integrating mechanical mowing and hydraulic reclamation in view of the threatening expansion of this species and serious land shortage in the local area.Moreover,it explored the ecological planning method of reclamation area based on this method.In view of the ecological sensitivity of the reclamation area,urban ecological planning concept was introduced into both processes of the development:penetrative reclamation and urban planning.The reclamation project has to meet such requirements as site selection,scope,water surface ratio etc.,the planning ensures the ecological sustainability in functional orientation,spatial structure,green space system and development intensity.

基于PS-InSAR的珠江口典型填海造地区地面沉降时空特征研究

近年来,珠三角地区经济发展迅速,人类活动加剧,软土自固结作用诱发的地面沉降范围与程度逐渐扩大,严重制约城市建设,危害居民人身财产安全。本文以珠江口典型填海区为例,基于2015年12月至2016年12月的24幅Sentinel-1A SAR数据影像,应用PS-InSAR监测地面沉降状态,通过设置可靠PS点,计算沉降速率,提取地面沉降时序特征。结果表明,该时间段内研究区的地面沉降较为严重,整体年均沉降速率为-7.65 mm/a,其中鸡抱沙-孖沙垦区南部、万顷沙地区以及南朗横门三地尤为严重,相继出现四个典型沉降区,最大沉降量达117.48 mm;并通过实地监测数据验证其精度具备高可靠性,该研究可为珠江口城市建设合理规划、地面沉降防治工作提供科学依据。

煤矿区土壤细菌群落结构及其对不同复垦模式的响应

科学揭示不同复垦模式土壤细菌群落稳定性及其潜在互作关系对于复垦土地差异化管理及可持续利用至关重要。本文以挖深垫浅、煤矸石充填和粉煤灰充填3种模式复垦土壤为研究对象,基于高通量Illumina Miseq 16S rRNA测序技术,采用方差分析、Spearman相关性等分析方法,研究不同复垦模式下的土壤细菌群落结构和多样性。通过构建分子生态网络模型,揭示不同复垦模式下土壤细菌群落的稳定性及菌群间潜在互作关系,明晰对细菌群落结构稳定性起关键作用的微生物种群。结果表明:①不同复垦模式土壤细菌群落的多样性与丰富度水平有显著差异(P<0.05),均表现为挖深垫浅>煤矸石充填>粉煤灰充填;不同复垦模式土壤细菌群落组成相似,变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门是所有模式土壤中的优势菌门,在各复垦模式土壤细菌群落中的占比之和均达70%以上。②不同复垦模式下土壤细菌群落的显著影响因子不同,部分优势细菌门与影响因子间的变化趋势不同,有机质含量是影响挖深垫浅复垦土壤细菌群落组成的主要影响因素,pH是影响煤矸石与粉煤灰充填复垦土壤细菌群落组成的主要影响因素。③挖深垫浅复垦土壤细菌网络复杂,群落联系紧密,能更好地传递物质、能量和信息;煤矸石充填复垦土壤细菌网络内部节点间的连通度低,但菌群信息交换速度慢,拥有4个关键节点,网络相对稳定;粉煤灰充填复垦的土壤细菌网络规模最小,节点连通度不高,在外界环境发生变化时反应快,网络稳定性最差。3种复垦模式土壤细菌群落间关系均以协同合作为主导,煤矸石充填复垦土壤细菌群落间的协同合作关系占比最高。本文揭示了3种不同复垦模式下土壤细菌群落结构与分子生态网络差异,研究结果可为高潜水位采煤塌陷区土地复垦模式的优选以及人为干预方式的选择提供支撑。

采煤沉陷松散层变形研究现状与分析

开采沉陷是煤炭资源井工开采所面临的主要环境地质问题,其中松散层变形是东部高潜水位矿区生态修复和西部生态脆弱区保护所关注的重点,获得沉陷变形参数对推动开采减损、生态环境保护与修复有着重要的指导意义。借助CiteSpace文献计量软件,基于中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)数据库进行可视化分析,通过对该研究方向近30年主要研究力量、研究热点和现状趋势量化统计与分析,详细地阐述了该方向的研究现状,简要概述了沉陷成因、理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟及原位实测等方面开展的研究内容。从多学科交叉促进理论研究发展、多方法联合建立高精度动态监测、发展与创新测试装备和技术等方面对其未来趋势进行了展望,提出“空-天-地-孔”一体化监测平台的建设与运营,以期通过多维度、网格化立体数据的获取,进一步掌握松散层内部变形特征与传递机理,为实施“源头控制”和“过程治理”理念和评价废弃矿井CO_(2)封存地质条件提供基础数据与科学支撑。

我国矿区土地复垦关键政策实施情况调查分析

研究目的:调查土地复垦4项关键政策的实施情况,判断政策失灵与否,并分析其失灵原因,为相关政策修订提供科学支撑。研究方法:问卷调查法,统计分析法和定量分析法。研究结果:(1)三类受访者认为“谁损毁,谁复垦”政策不完善的比例为65.30%,其中第三方不完善比例高达92.02%,同时三类受访者一致赞同应由政府牵头复垦。(2)在编制土地复垦方案方面,三类受访者表示“不完善”(49.74%)略高于“赞成”(47.01%),其中第三方不完善的比例高达89.57%;矿山企业认为方案实施率较高,但政府部门(26.74%)和第三方(3.07%)表示方案落实不力。(3)矿山企业高度赞成采矿临时用地政策,但三类受访者一致认为政策执行率低,其中“0%执行”比例中政府为22.40%、矿山企业为23.92%、第三方高达91.41%,表明该政策执行率较低,需要改革和完善。(4)三类受访者赞成“边开采、边复垦”比例为43.59%、“不完善”为53.68%,其中第三方认为不完善的比例高达77.30%;政府和矿山企业都表示执行率较好,但第三方认为执行率仅为11.65%;政府(52.80%)和矿山企业(74.41%)不了解“边采边复”技术是政策实施不力的原因之一。研究结论:(1)“谁损毁,谁复垦”、编制“土地复垦方案”、“采矿临时用地”和“边开采,边复垦”4项关键政策的总体失灵度分别为51.11%、56.92%、89.23%和50.43%,均高于50%,同时第三方认为失灵度分别为92.03%、96.93%、98.77%和88.35%,表明4项政策都需要完善和革新;(2)4项政策均受到内部和外部多种因素的影响,导致执行率较低,需要从综合角度进行完善。

饱和溶液电导率法在滨海高盐土壤水盐运移规律分析中的应用

分析海涂围垦区土壤水盐运移规律对改良滨海区域盐碱地有着重要意义。而在高盐土壤中实现含水率和可溶解盐分浓度的连续测量是掌握海涂围垦区土壤水盐运移规律的关键,因此以江苏如东海涂围垦试验区内的重度盐土为研究对象,利用耐盐度较好的土壤水分—盐分传感器连续监测土壤含水率、表观电导率变化,以土壤饱和溶液电导率(E_(C_(sat)))为盐分当量指标,分析受降雨、蒸发影响的水盐运移规律。结果表明,E_(C_(sat))可用以指示土壤中最大可溶解盐分含量。此外,土壤盐分在年内呈显著的季节性变化,即在冬季土壤中盐分较高,春季土壤脱盐,夏季土壤盐分波动剧烈,秋季土壤积盐明显。在蒸发和降雨过程中,E_(C_(sat))可有效指示不同埋深处土壤盐分的变化特征,结合土壤水分运移规律可直观佐证“盐随水走”的运移特征。

热带垦区社会—经济系统脆弱性研究——以海南省八一农场为例

垦区是一种特殊的以开发区域水土资源并进行专业化农业生产为主的经济社会区域,海南垦区作为全国唯一的热带垦区,其转型面临较大的社会—经济脆弱性风险。该文以海南省八一农场为案例,基于访谈数据与实地调研数据,厘清社会—经济系统脆弱性特征,从农户视角划分脆弱性类型,运用Q方法探究脆弱性形成机制。结果表明:①八一农场社会—经济系统脆弱性因子主要包括收入水平、生活环境、政策制度、基础设施。②隐性失业风险的形成与再就业问题的低效应对以及改革进程中管理体制不完善和社会保障体系不健全加剧了社会系统脆弱性风险;转型困难与收入不稳定降低了应对能力,农户对热带经济作物价格波动的敏感性响应加剧了经济系统脆弱性风险;社会与经济子系统及其脆弱性的交互作用构成八一农场社会—经济系统的整体脆弱性。③建立健全职工权益保障、土地优化配置、人才引进和产业转型等机制体制是降低垦区社会—经济系统脆弱性的重要途径。