Linearization of Emden Differential Equation via the Generalized Sundman Transformations

The Emden differential equation is one of the most widely studied and challenging nonlinear dynamics equations in literature. It finds applications in various areas of study such as celestial mechanics, fluid mechanics, Steller structure, isothermal gas spheres, thermionic currents and so on. Because of the importance of the equation, the method of generalized Sundman transformation (GST) as proposed by Nakpim and Meleshko is used for linearizing the Emden differential equation. The Emden differential equation considered here is a modification of the equation given by Berkovic. The results obtained in this paper imply that the Emden equation cannot be linearized by a point transformation. The general solution of the modified Emden equation is also obtained.

THE SYMMETRIC AND SYMMETRIC POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR MATRIX EQUATION——B^TXB = D ON LINEAR MANIFOLDS

This paper discusses the solutions of the linear matrix equation BT X B=Don some linear manifolds.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existenceof the solution and the expression of the general solution are given.And also someoptimal approximation solutions are discussed.

Criteria for System of Three Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations to Be Reduced to a Linear System via Restricted Class of Point Transformation

This paper is devoted to the study of the linearization problem of system of three second-order ordinary differential equations and . The necessary conditions for linearization by general point transformation and are found. The sufficient conditions for linearization by restricted class of point transformation and are obtained. Moreover, the procedure for obtaining the linearizing transformation is provided in explicit forms. Examples demonstrating the procedure of using the linearization theorems are presented.

Linearized Equations of General Relativity and the Problem of Reduction to the Newton Theory

The paper is concerned with the problem of reduction of the general relativity theory to the Newton gravitation theory for a gravitation field with relatively low intensity. This problem is traditionally solved on the basis of linearized equations of general relativity which, being matched to the Newton theory equations, allow us to link the classical gravitation constant with the constant entering the general relativity equations. Analysis of the linearized general relativity equations shows that it can be done only for empty space in which the energy tensor is zero. In solids, the set of linearized general relativity equations is not consistent and is not reduced to the Newton theory equations. Specific features of the problem are demonstrated with the spherically symmetric static problem of general relativity which has the closed-form solution.

Some New Applications of Elzaki Transform for Solution of Linear Volterra Type Integral Equations

Volterra type integral equations have diverse applications in scientific and other fields. Modelling physical phenomena by employing integral equations is not a new concept. Similarly, extensive research is underway to find accurate and efficient solution methods for integral equations. Some of noteworthy methods include Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Method of Successive Approximation (MSA), Galerkin method, Laplace transform method, etc. This research is focused on demonstrating Elzaki transform application for solution of linear Volterra integral equations which include convolution type equations as well as one system of equations. The selected problems are available in literature and have been solved using various analytical, semi-analytical and numerical techniques. Results obtained after application of Elzaki transform have been compared with solutions obtained through other prominent semi-analytic methods i.e. ADM and MSA (limited to first four iterations). The results substantiate that Elzaki transform method is not only a compatible alternate approach to other analytic methods like Laplace transform method but also simple in application once compared with methods ADM and MSA.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATION WITH TWO KINDS OF DELAY

In this article, we study the Volterra integral equations with two kinds of delay that are proportional delay and nonproportional delay. We mainly use Chebyshev spectral collocation method to analyze them. First, we use variable transformation to transform the equation into an new equation which is defined in [-1,1]. Then, with the help of Gronwall inequality and some other lemmas, we provide a rigorous error analysis for the proposed method, which shows that the numerical error decay exponentially in L~∞ and L_(ω~c)~2-norm. In the end, we give numerical test to confirm the conclusion.

Applications of Lodrigues Matrix in 3D Coordinate Transformation

Three transformation models （Bursa-Wolf, Molodensky, and WTUSM） are generally used between two data systems transformation. The linear models are used when the rotation angles are small; however, when the rotation angles get bigger, model errors will be produced. In this paper, we present a method with three main terms：① the traditional rotation angles θ,φ,ψ are substituted with a,b,c which are three respective values in the anti-symmetrical or Lodrigues matrix; ② directly and accurately calculating the formula of seven parameters in any value of rotation angles; and ③ a corresponding adjustment model is established. This method does not use the triangle function. Instead it uses addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and the complexity of the equation is reduced, making the calculation easy and quick.

Linear Complementary Method for Moving Boundary Problems with Phase Transformation

In this paper, the linear complementary method for moving boundary problems with phase transformation is presented, in which a pair of unknown vectors of heat source with phase transforming and the temperature field can be solved exactly, and a large amount of iterative calculations can be avoided.

Exact Solutions of Klein-Gordon Equation with Scalar and Vector Rosen-Morse-Type Potentials

We obtain an exact analytical solution of the Klein Gordon equation for the equal vector and scalar Rosen Morse and Eckart potentials as well as the parity-time （PT） symmetric version of the these potentials by using the asymptotic iteration method. Although these PT symmetric potentials are non-Hermitian, the corresponding eigenvalues are real as a result of the PT symmetry.

Simple Procedure for Entanglement Transformation of Bipartite Pure States

An explicit procedure for transforming one bipartite entangled state into another via local operations and classical communication （LOCC） is presented. Our procedure is much simper than the previous ones in the sense that, it only involves two steps and the explicit expression of local general measurement used in the procedure can be obtained by solving a set of linear equations. Furthermore, this procedure is still applicable in high dimensional case.

Double Elzaki Transform Decomposition Method for Solving Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we discuss a new method employed to tackle non-linear partial differential equations, namely Double Elzaki Transform Decomposition Method (DETDM). This method is a combination of the Double ELzaki Transform and Adomian Decomposition Method. This technique is hereafter provided and supported with necessary illustrations, together with some attached examples. The results reveal that the new method is very efficient, simple and can be applied to other non-linear problems.

Continuity Equation in Presence of a Non-Local Potential in Non-Commutative Phase-Space

We studied the continuity equation in presence of a local potential, and a non-local potential arising from electron-electron interaction in both commutative and non-commutative phase-space. Furthermore, we examined the influence of the phase-space non-commutativity on both the locality and the non-locality, where the definition of current density in commutative phase-space cannot satisfy the condition of current conservation, but with the steady state, in order to solve this problem, we give a new definition of the current density including the contribution due to the non-local potential. We showed that the calculated current based on the new definition of current density maintains the current. As well for the case when the non- commutativity in phase-space considered, we found that the conservation of the current density completely violated;and the non-commutativity is not suitable for describing the current density in presence of non-local and local potentials. Nevertheless, under some conditions, we modified the current density to solve this problem. Subsequently, as an application we studied the Frahn-Lemmer non-local potential, taking into account that the employed methods concerning the phase-space non-commutativity are both of Bopp-shift linear transformation through the Heisenberg-like commutation relations, and the Moyal-Weyl product.

线性正则正余弦加权卷积及其应用

针对积分方程的求解问题,本文提出了利用卷积运算及其卷积定理来讨论两类卷积类积分方程组的解。首先,在线性正则正弦变换与线性正则余弦变换的基础上,定义了线性正则正余弦卷积运算及其加权卷积运算;其次,推导了相应的卷积定理,研究了该卷积与傅里叶正余弦变换卷积运算的关系;最后,讨论了两类卷积类积分方程组的解,给出了该方程解的一般形式。

实对称矩阵正交特征向量的一种新解法

为克服“只在给定向量组的条件下,才能求得正交向量组”的局限性,利用特征向量和正交的定义及齐次线性方程组的非零解求解方法,给出实对称矩阵对应于重特征值的正交特征向量的一种新的求解方法。研究表明,该方法可以有效地减少计算量,并可以直接写出实对称矩阵对应于重特征值的正交特征向量。

基于Mathematica的特殊阿贝尔方程的可积性及其判定

对形如y'=f3(x)y3+f2(x)y2+f1(x)y的特殊阿贝尔方程的精确解,一般是不能通过对方程的系数进行有限次的代数运算及有限次的微积分运算求得的.利用变换群的思想,通过具体的分式线性变换,给出了一种新的积分方法,得到了两组新的判定上述特殊阿贝尔方程可积的充分条件,利用数学软件mathematica,实现了计算机对该类方程可积性的自动判定与精确求解.

一类矩阵方程的解及其应用

目前许多力学问题,如计算物理、地质学、结构设计、分子光谱学、电学、参数识别、自动控制、商务智能、线性系统理论、大数据分析与动态分析等领域,都要依赖于矩阵方程。研究了矩阵方程AX=B的求解问题,给出了矩阵方程AX=B有解的新判别条件及其通解表达式,推广了矩阵方程AX=B的判解条件和通解形式;例题表明简化了矩阵方程AX=B的求解过程,同时也简化了向量组的线性表示式和基到基的过渡矩阵计算,这对于充实矩阵方程的求解理论和简化计算均是有益的。

一类分式递推数列的极限求法

文章针对数列极限存在性问题展开工作,特别是针对分式线性递推数列的极限求解进行了深入探讨.通过揭示数列与函数不动点之间的内在联系,应用特征方程方法,从化归、方程构建及函数分析等角度,提出了有效的求解策略.

Linear Conjugate Boundary Value Problems

We discuss the linear conjugate boundary value problems on the unit circle and the real axis. We obtain some Fredholm integral equations. Using thess equations we discuss the solvable conditions on these problems and we also give a direct method for the extension problems on the real axis.

Inverse problem in linear algebra

With the increasingly widespread application of linear algebra theory, and in its opposite direction is not enough emphasis, linear algebra, several important points： matrix, determinant, linear equations, linear transformations, matrix keratosis and other anti-deepening understanding of the basics and improve the comprehensive ability to solve problems.

A Novel Nonlinear Algorithm for Typhoon Cloud Image Enhancement

A novel nonlinear gray transform method is proposed to enhance the contrast of a typhoon cloud image.Generally,the typhoon cloud image obtained by a satellite cannot be directly used to make an accurate prediction of the typhoon＇s center or intensity because the contrast of the received typhoon cloud image may be bad.Our aim is to extrude the typhoon＇s eye in the typhoon cloud image.A normalized arc-tangent transformation operation is designed to enhance global contrast of the typhoon cloud image.Differential evolution algorithm is used to choose the optimal nonlinear transform parameter.Finally,geodesic activity contour model is used to extract the typhoon＇s eye to verify the performance of the proposed method.Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently enhance the global contrast of the typhoon cloud image while greatly extruding the typhoon＇s eye.