Grain-size Characteristics and Climate Variability in TMS5e Sequence of Tumen Section in Southern Tengger Desert,Northwestern China

The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section,at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China,is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e(MIS5e).It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands,11 layers of lacustrine loess-like facies,and 5 layers of lacustrine facies.The results of grain-size analysis shows that the palaeo-mobile dune sands,palaeo-fixed to semi-fixed dune sands and loess-like sandy loams are mainly composed of sands,ranging from 70% to 96%;their silt contents ranged from 4% to 20%,and their clay contents ranged from 1% to 5%;the climate under which the aeolian dune sands were deposited is similar to that under which modern mobile dune sands form,which is caused by the dominance of the cold,dry East Asian winter monsoon.In contrast,the lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies had a lower sand contents than those of the three aeolian dune sands,but have higher silt and clay contents,most of their sand content ranged from 30% to 60%,their silt contents ranged from 35% to 55%,and their clay contents ranged from 6% to 20%.The lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies formed under the influence of the warm,humid East Asian summer monsoon based on their similarity with modern sediments.The grain-size indicator Mz(mean grain diameter) and the SC/D value in the TMS5e sequence indicate climatic insta-bility at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert during MIS5e,with at least 14 fluctuations between a warm,humid climate and a cold,dry climate,divided into five stages:TMS5e5(139 kyr to 129.3 kyr B.P.),TMS5e4(129.3 kyr to 124 kyr B.P.),TMS5e3(124 kyr to 119.5 kyr B.P.),TMS5e2(119.5 kyr to 116.5 kyr B.P.),and TMS5e1(116.5 kyr to 113.7 kyr B.P.).These correspond roughly to MIS5e5,MIS5e4,MIS5e3,MIS5e2,and MIS5e1,respectively,in the GRIP ice core data.

Grain-size Characteristics of Sediments Formed Since 8600 yr B.P. in Middle Reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet and Their Paleoenvironmental Significance

Widespread aeolian sediments have been found in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, China. The grain-size characteristics of sediments from Cha’er Section in the area were analyzed. The results show that the section include one stratum of paleo-mobile dunes, four strata of paleo-semi-fixed dunes, two strata of paleo-fixed dunes, one stratum of sandy immature soils. The paleo-mobile and paleo-semi-fixed dune sand in this section are simi- lar to modern aeolian sand in either grain-size composition or Mz and σ distribution. Compared the above types of dunes each other, the content of sand substance decreases, while the content of silt and clay increases for paleo-fixed dunes and sandy immature soils. Combined with age data for each stratum, the analysis shows that these strata are the products of climate changes and the evolution of aeolian landforms. The evolutionary sequence of the paleoclimate and of aeolian activities in the valley since 8600 yr B.P. reveals four stages: 8600–5700 yr B.P., when the paleoclimate was cold and dry, with strong winds, thereby activating dunes; 5700–3600 yr B.P., when it was warm and wet, with weak winds, causing dunes to undergo soil-forming processes; 3600–1900 yr B.P., when climate shifted from cold-dry with strong winds to warm-wet with weak winds, and activated dunes were fixed again; and 1900 yr B.P. –present, when the climate became fine, with weak winds, fixing dunes again.

Unimolecular Dissociation of H⁺<sub style="margin-left:-6px;">2n+1</sub>Hydrogen Clusters: Measured Cross Sections and Theoretically Calculated Rate Constants

In this paper, we studied the process of dissociation unimolecular of the evaporation of H+2n+1 hydrogen clusters according to size, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The rate constants k(E) were determined with the use of statistical theory of unimolecular reactions using various approximations. In our work, we used the products frequencies instead of transitions frequencies in the calculation of unimolecular dissociation rates obtained by three models RRKM. The agreement between the experimental cross section ratio and calculated rate ratio with direct count approximation seems to be reasonable.

Experimental study for the particle size distribution of mine spoil pile cross section

The aim of the experiment is to analyze and view the distribution of gangue withdifferent particle sizes in mine spoil pile cross section.According to the Dimensionalmethod,'Pi'theorem was employed first to abbreviate ten physical and mechanical parametersto three dimensionless groups, and then the similarity criterion and coefficient ofthe experiment were determined and calculated based on particle size distribution curve.The similarity model was designed and constructed to represent the process of the minespoil pile.The profile of the final model shows that the small sized particles mainly composethe upper zone of the mine spoil pile, while the bottom of the pile is dominated bybigger sized particles, and the intermediate section presents a zigzag stripe cross-beddingstructure which is composed by small-medium scale particles and medium-large scaleparticles.Each stripe has two critical angles: one is the angle in which gangue particlescan maintain their stability condition, with approximate range from 24° to 26°; and theother is the angle in which particles can stop gliding downwards, approximately varyingfrom 34° to 36°.

Distribution and characteristics of gravelly soil liquefaction in the Wenchuan M_s 8.0 earthquake

In this paper,a distribution map of gravelly soil liquefaction that was caused by the Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in China is proposed based on a detailed field investigation and an analysis of geological soil profiles. The geological background of the earthquake disaster region is summarized by compiling geological cross sections and borehole logs. Meanwhile,four typical liquefied sites were selected to conduct sample drillings,dynamic penetration tests (DPT),and shear wave velocity tests,to understand the features of liquefied gravelly soil. One hundred and eighteen (118) liquefied sites were investigated shortly after the earthquake. The field investigation showed:(1) sandboils and waterspouts occurred extensively,involving thousands of miles of farmland,120 villages,eight schools and five factories,which caused damage to some rural houses,schools,manufacturing facilities and wells,etc.; (2) the Chengdu plain is covered by a gravelly soil layer with a thickness of 0 m to 541 m according to the geological cross sections; (3) there were 80 gravelly soil liquefied sites in the Chengdu plain,shaped as five belt areas that varied from 20 km to 40 km in length,and about ten gravelly soil liquefied sites distributed within Mianyang area; and (4) the grain sizes of the sampled soil were relative larger than the ejected soil on the ground,thus the type of liquefied soil cannot be determined by the ejected soil. The gravelly soil liquefied sites are helpful in enriching the global database of gravelly soil liquefaction and developing a corresponding evaluation method in further research efforts.

Influence of Section Size of Telescopic Boom on Stability

The telescopic boom is the main bearing force component of the crane.The rationality of the design will directly affect the performance of the machine and safety.The telescopic boom is a typical thin-walled plate and shell structure.Its main form of damage is the occurrence of buckling,resulting in decreased carrying capacity,or even a security incident.In order to meet the lifting weight and height,to ensure the stability of the telescopic boom has become a major problem of the designer.There are many factors that affect the critical load of the telescopic boom,including support method,inertia moment,length and material.When the support mode,material and length are determined,the maximum factor affecting the buckling critical load is the inertia moment.In this paper,the influence of the section size on the buckling critical load of the telescopic boom is analyzed by using the inertia moment of section method ande finite element method.And the sensitivity analysis is carried out on this basis.The results of the analysis can provide designers with design reference basis.Then a reasonable cross-sectional size can be used to improve the buckling resistance capacity of the telescopic boom.

Geophysical criterion of pre-outburst coal outsqueezing from the face space into the working

The initial process of coal and gas sudden outburst is studied in the article when under the influence of rock and gas pressure the part of a coal seam layer(a coal section)is squeezed out from the mouth of the future outburst cavity in a jump-like manner into the working.Geo-mechanical criterion for a part of a coal seam layer outsqueezing in the form of the relation of active(squeezing out)and passive(preventing the outsqueezing)forces is defined in the article.Based on it,the geophysical criterion is defined by expressing basic physical parameters through geo-physical ones:the current stress is defined by spectral-acoustic method through the ratio of high frequency and low-frequency components of an acoustic signal,which is generated into a face working space by the mining equipment operating in the face;in-situ gas pressure is defined by gas analytical method by the concentration of methane in the atmosphere of the working;the strength of the most broken coal layer is defined by a strength measuring device(a device for measuring the depth of a steal cone punched into the coal by a spring mechanism).This paper studies the influence of acoustic,strength and filtrating and collecting properties of a face working space on the limit value of an obtained geophysical criterion of pre-outburst squeezing of a coal‘‘plug”out of the mouth of the future outburst cavity into the working.

Size variation of the end Permian conodont Neogondolella at Meishan Section,Changxing,Zhejiang and its significance

This study is based on both a generic and species level investigation of the individual size of the latest Permian conodont Neogondolella Pa elements collected from Meishan Section A, Changxing, Zhejiang Province. In this study, an obvious size reduction of Neogondolella Pa elements within bed 24e of the upper Changxing Limestone is recognized. The size variation of the Neogon- dolella occurs simultaneously with some important events including the negative shift of δ 13C, change in the ratio of the abundance of cyanobacterial biomarkers versus that of other general bacterial biomarkers and the shallowing of the sea water. Through the investigation of the paleoenvironmental changes and the analysis of the paleoecology of the conodont genus Neogondolella, the authors propose that the major factors for the size reduction of species of the conodont genus Neogondolella are food shortages caused by the mass extinction, the shallowing of the sea water as well as the in- crease in opacity of the sea water during the end Permian. The same phenomenon of Neogondolella size reduction is also observed in preliminary research from the same horizon at Shangsi Section, Sichuan Province. All the evidence suggests that there was a mass extinction that occurred at the horizon of bed 24e, and the evidence supports the viewpoint of a multi-phase mass extinction during the Permian and Triassic transition in South China.

非对称载荷作用下倾斜区段煤柱稳定性分析及控制技术

为解决工作面回采及巷道掘进影响下倾斜区段煤柱稳定性劣化的复杂问题,运用弹性力学半逆解法及摩尔-库伦准则建立力学模型,结合三维有限元数值模拟,深入分析了倾斜区段煤柱一侧受载结构形态特征,明确了倾斜煤柱失稳致灾力源及载荷的分布特性,探究了采掘扰动下倾斜区段煤柱塑性变形-失稳-破坏的动态演化过程,揭示了非对称载荷作用下倾斜区段煤柱临界失稳致灾机理,以此为基础优化了倾斜煤柱及周围巷道稳定性控制技术。结果表明:区段煤柱因煤层倾角导致的倾斜形态是煤柱所承受载荷呈非对称状的关键诱因,这一特性致使倾斜煤柱最底端区域覆载最大,且当此区域失稳破坏时,呈现由煤柱下端底角塑性区向煤柱上端底角塑性区扩展的运移过程,并因此得出倾斜区段煤柱临界尺寸随煤层倾角增大而增加的演化规律。由此,针对大南湖一矿倾斜区段煤柱及周围巷道变形失稳的问题,采用支护优化及注浆加固等措施,降低了倾斜区段煤柱侧巷道的变形速率,为类似矿井的煤柱稳定性控制提供了借鉴。

隧道牵引分区所雷击暂态特性及其二次设备电磁兼容研究

牵引供电系统遭受雷击会在分区所内产生过电压与过电流,对分区所开关柜中二次设备产生瞬态电磁干扰,影响其正常运行。文中针对电气化铁路隧道分区所,建立雷击暂态仿真模型,计算了接触网不同位置遭受雷击时分区所的过电压与过电流,建立了27.5 kV开关柜的电磁场有限元仿真模型,分析开关柜中不同区域的瞬态电场、磁场分布。结果表明:雷击接触网会在分区所内产生幅值较大、频率较高的过电压与过电流,在其作用下开关柜低压室瞬态电场可达147.2 V/m、瞬态磁场可达1.3 kA/m,断路器室前壁处瞬态电场可达822.9 kV/m、瞬态磁场可达15.85 kA/m,超过标准规定的幅值,二次设备需要考虑相应的电磁屏蔽措施。论文结果对牵引供电系统雷击过电压/电流防护以及二次设备电磁兼容设计具有参考价值。

锦红冰糖橙大果芽变果实结构解剖、激素变化和转录组分析

【目的】探究锦红冰糖橙大果芽变的形成原因。【方法】以锦红和大果芽变为试材,采用石蜡切片、HPLC-MS/MS和转录组测序技术对其在细胞形态、激素含量和基因表达方面进行比较分析。【结果】与锦红相比,大果芽变果肉内汁胞数量增多,且汁胞变大。石蜡切片结果表明,大果芽变汁胞内细胞数量多于锦红。大果芽变内生长素和赤霉素含量在花后70和120 d均高于锦红,玉米素含量在花后70、120和170 d均低于锦红。对盛花后70、120和170 d的汁胞进行转录组分析得到4597个差异基因,其中24个激素信号相关基因在两个及以上时期差异表达。在大果芽变中有4个生长素相关基因在花后70 d上调表达。细胞分裂素相关基因ARR2在大果芽变花后70和120 d均下调表达。细胞周期蛋白CycD3在大果芽变花后170 d上调表达。【结论】锦红冰糖橙大果芽变的变异可能与汁胞发育有关,并且受激素水平影响。转录组分析为解析锦红冰糖橙大果芽变的分子机制奠定了基础。

Mastersize 2000型激光粒度仪分析数据可靠性检验及意义——以洛川剖面S4层古土壤为例

黄土、古土壤剖面中物质粒度是恢复古环境的重要指标之一。精确地测定粒径的大小,是准确而可靠获取气候变化信息的基本前提。通过对洛川典型黄土剖面古土壤S 4及相临黄土层高密度、连续样品多次重复粒度测试结果经统计分析表明:粒径测量的误差主要来自于两方面,即仪器测量与前处理过程,其中前处理过程的影响是粒度测量中误差的主要来源。同时证明,单次测量结果具有不确定性,因此可靠的粒度参数需经多次测量平均获得。但是,此过程会导致某些快速变化信息的丢失和因峰态的平滑而造成粒度变化所反映的变化幅度弱化。

开孔金属泡沫流场分布和流动阻力的数值分析

【目的】为了系统研究开孔金属泡沫中空气流场的流动特性和传热传质特性。【方法】使用几何表示法构建12面体开孔泡沫模型,应用有限单元法模拟了不同入口速度下,泡沫韧带截面形状、孔径密度PPI和流场高度方向泡沫结构对称性等参数对流场分布、传质和流动阻力的影响。【结果】结果表明,随着泡沫韧带截面顶点曲率减小,韧带阻滞作用减弱,流场沿程损失h_(f)减少;增大孔径密度可以提高流场对流强度分布均匀性;在高度方向非对称边界流场对流强度更大,且韧带周围对流强度分布趋向均匀,对称结构则相反;对称边界流场的上下边界处对流速度比非对称边界略大,对称边界更有利于边界物质输运;泡沫结构特征和气体入口速度对流场分布和流动阻力的影响明显。流动问题的量纲分析结果表明,泡沫孔数量越多,流场的沿程损失与气体初始动能的比值越大,增大气体入口速度则比值减少,当入口速度超过6 m/s后,比值趋于稳定。

基于结构变形理论的深海连接器O形圈密封性能研究

深海连接器是保证海洋装备能够正常运行的信号传输设备,而深海连接器的正常运行在很大程度上依赖于O形圈的密封性能。为此,对深海高压环境导致O形圈发生形变,从而严重影响O形圈的密封性能问题进行了研究。首先,基于结构变形理论,分析了环境压力对于密封结构变形和O形圈压缩量的影响变化;然后,基于有限元法建立了O形密封圈的非线性动密封模型,分析研究了模型网格划分对于模拟结果准确性的影响;接着,分析了结构变形与环境压力之间的关系曲线;最后,研究分析了材料性能、环境压力与密封结构尺寸对于动密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:当网格的实际值为47745,测定值为21685、37934、50707时,其模拟计算结果的误差值均小于2%;密封结构变形和O形圈压缩量的模拟值与理论值的曲线趋势基本一致;材料性能与环境压力的变化会影响动密封性能,在密封结构尺寸中,增大沟槽圆角半径可以增强O形圈的动密封性能。该研究结果可为深海高压环境下O形密封圈的设计与优化提供参考与理论支持。

超大埋深软岩隧道超前中导洞合理断面尺寸及应力峰值转移机制

在超大埋深软岩隧道中,通常地应力较高,且围岩软弱破碎,在施工过程中不可避免地会出现大变形现象,造成支护结构失效破坏。采用超前中导洞应力释放技术提前释放地应力,可以改善支护结构的受力状态,减小隧道变形量,保证支护结构的安全。依托丽香线哈巴雪山大变形隧道,采用文献调研、数值模拟及现场监测等手段对超大埋深软岩隧道超前中导洞合理断面大小进行研究,分析了中导洞不同断面大小工况下应力释放效果,最终确定中导洞合理断面大小。研究结果表明,超前中导洞断面为正洞断面面积的0.6倍时,应力释放效果较为理想,相比直接开挖正洞,采用合理超前中导洞断面时,正洞拱顶沉降及上、下台阶水平收敛值分别减小28.2%、27.64%和26.71%,且围岩中切向应力峰值向围岩深部转移了约4 m,同时,应力峰值数值有所减小,减小约5.04%。研究成果可为类似大变形隧道工程提供参考与借鉴。

高速公路路-桥过渡段桥头搭板受力研究

布设桥头搭板可有效解决路-桥过渡段差异沉降引起的桥头跳车问题。文章采用梁和地基支承刚度统一计算的有限元法确定搭板的设计参数,基于数值模拟方法研究了搭板在不同布设方案中的受力情况,确定了桥头搭板最易破坏的位置,明确了搭板的最优布设方案。结果表明:随着搭板厚度和长度的增加,搭板所受最大弯矩值增大,搭板末端越易产生集中应力,导致二次跳车问题,即搭板厚度和长度存在最优尺寸,搭板长度为10 m时,最佳厚度为0.35~0.45 m,而当搭板厚度为0.35 m时,其最佳长度为8 m;搭板与桥台铰接且深埋搭板有利于搭板的长期稳定;采用搭板可以有效避免桥头跳车问题,与常规搭板布设方案相比,深埋搭板布设方案所受的竖向压力、弯矩和挠度均有显著降低;搭板上部回填材料为水泥稳定级配碎石时,可以有效地改善搭板的承载性能。

足尺拼接式方形高强钢管混凝土柱轴压承载力数值分析

对两种不同的新型拼接式方形高强钢管混凝土足尺柱的轴压承载性能进行了数值模拟,分析了混凝土强度、钢材强度、缀材间距和宽厚比对该类组合柱轴压承载力及荷载–位移曲线的影响规律,研究表明:同种参数影响下两种形式的组合柱荷载–位移曲线及承载力变化规律相似;材料强度和宽厚比对承载力影较为显著,如钢材屈服强度从345 MPa提升至460 MPa时,两种组合柱承载力分别提高了9.13%和9.42%,宽厚比从83.3增大至100时,两类柱子承载力分别降低了5.08%和5.00%;可初步采用GB 50936—2014《钢管混凝土结构技术规范》计算该类新型柱的轴压承载力。

大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥装配式挂篮悬臂浇筑施工技术

因地形限制、行业领域不同,悬臂浇筑钢筋混凝土拱桥的挂篮形式因结构变化而改变,很难有效二次利用,既不利于施工成本控制,也难以实现挂篮的快速设计及应用,本文提出一种装配式挂篮悬臂浇筑施工方法。以“倒三角”挂篮为模板,研制了一种适用于多种拱箱截面尺寸,能够实现三向尺寸和坡度调节,可形成制式杆件的装配式挂篮,并以此形成相应的装配式挂篮悬臂浇筑施工技术。该项技术已成功应用于贵州娅石庆特大桥与巴基斯坦Braseen桥,有效地降低了施工成本,保障了挂篮悬拼过程中的安全,解决了地形陡峭、深切峡谷及跨河流湖泊等条件下的钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥拱圈浇筑的施工难题。

宁夏地区儿童用药品生产配备使用情况现况调查及分析

目的 梳理宁夏地区儿童用药品(包括临床使用的院内制剂)生产、配备使用相关情况,分析宁夏地区儿童用药品方面存在的问题,为完善儿童药品供应保障机制提供合理建议。方法 主要通过问卷调查、访谈、数据提取等方式,对宁夏地区有关部门、20家医疗机构和3家药品生产企业进行问卷调查及访谈。结果 宁夏地区3家企业生产涉及儿童药品品种58个、规格64个,主要以口服固体剂型为主(57种)。20家医疗机构共配备药品品规166~319种,综合医院平均配备药品171.5种,妇幼保健机构平均配备药品62.5种。需要增加药品说明书儿童用药信息的药品97种,需要改进剂型的药品23种,需要改规格的药品45种。结论 医疗机构对修订儿童用药说明书需求较大,需要增加儿童用药品的规格和剂型。应从政策制定、医疗机构临床评价、社会公众宣传多方面入手,为全面保障儿童用药安全、规范使用提供支持。