Susceptibility weighted imaging in the evaluation of hemorrhagic diffuse axonal injury

Diffuse axonal injury（DAI）is axonal and small vessel injury produced by a sudden acceleration of the head by an external force,and is a major cause of death and severe disability（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Prognosis is poorer in patients with apparent hemorrhage than in those without（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Therefore,it is important to identify the presence and precise position of hemorrhagic foci for a more accurate diagnosis.CT and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）have long been applied in the diagnosis of DAI, but they are not sensitive enough for the detection of small hemorrhagic foci, and cannot meet the requirements for early diagnosis. A major advance in MRI has been the development of susceptibility weighted imaging （SWI）, which has greatly increased the ability to detect small hemorrhagic foci after DAI （Ashwal et al., 2006）.

Neurohumoral,cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression

Heart failure is common in adult population,accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.The main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease,hypertension,obesity,diabetes mellitus,chronic pulmonary diseases,family history of cardiovascular diseases,cardiotoxic therapy.The main factor associated with poor outcome of these patients is constant progression of heart failure.In the current review we present evidence on the role of established and candidate neurohumoral biomarkers for heart failure progression management and diagnostics.A growing number of biomarkers have been proposed as potentially useful in heart failure patients,but not one of them still resembles the characteristics of the"ideal biomarker."A single marker will hardly perform well for screening,diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic management purposes.Moreover,the pathophysiological and clinical significance of biomarkers may depend on the presentation,stage,and severity of the disease.The authors cover main classification of heart failure phenotypes,based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction,including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,and the recently proposed category heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction.One could envisage specific sets of biomarker with different performances in heart failure progression with different left ventricular ejection fraction especially as concerns prediction of the future course of the disease and of left ventricular adverse/reverse remodeling.This article is intended to provide an overview of basic and additional mechanisms of heart failure progression will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathogenesis.

Influence of different inoculation methods on the evaluation of the resistance to rice sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn)

To establish a standard system for geneticstudies on sheath blight resistance, a field testwas conducted at the experimental farm ofYangzhou University to compare several pro-cedures for inoculating rice plants with R.solani Kuhn (RH9). The varieties used wereJasmine 85, Teqing (resistant or moderatelyresistant), and Lemont (susceptible). They

INTERPOLATION METHODS FOR THE EVALUATION OF 2π-PERIODIC FINITE BAIRE MEASURE

We discuss the definition and effectiveness of a Padé-type approximation to 2π-periodic finite Baire measures on [-π,π]. In the first two sections we recall the definitions and basic properties of the Padré-type approximants to harmonic functions in the unit disk and to L p -functions on the unit circle. Section 3 deals with the extension of these definitions and properties to a finite 2π-periodic Baire measure. Finally, section 4 is devoted to a study of the convergence of a sequence of such approximants, in the weak star topology of measures.

Electrochemical Determination of Rate Constants for Reactions of OH and its Application in the Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant Actions of Rheum

A single-sweep oscillopolarographic procedure is descrital which allows detethenahon of rateconstants for reachons of oH. For a wide range of compounds, the results fit well with rate constantspreviously obtained with other methods. Rate constants for reactions of six kinds of active compoundscontalned in rheum, a tradihonal Chinese herb, have been deteboned by this method. Rcationmechanism ha5 also been discussed.

CT Scanning For the Evaluation of Cervical Spine Trauma.

Thirty-three cases of cervical spine fractures were inenti-fied among 51 cases undergoing GT of the cervical spine fol-

Effects of intermittency and stratification on the evaluation of optical propagation

The characteristics of atmospheric media influence the propagation of laser beams, leading to a variety of optical turbulence effects. The strength of optical turbulence is measured by the refractive index structure parameter Cn, and the optical turbulence effects are mainly governed by the distribution of C2n on the propagation path. Observa- tions have revealed that C2n varies with height,

Some Reflections on the Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Chinese Medicine in China

The randomized controlled trial （RCT） as applied to medicine started in the mid last century（1） and is now deemed as the most rigorous scientific method for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of medical interventions. The earliest RCTs in Chinese medicine （CM） appeared in the early 1980s. In the past 30 years, RCT was seen to have gradually infiltrated into and have been accepted reluctantly by CM.

Bleeding risk comparing targeted low-dose heparin with bivalirudin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention results from a propensity score-matched analysis of the evaluation of drug-eluting stents and ischemic events (EVENT) registry

Background Prior randomized trials have shown reduced bleeding with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin （UFH） in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. However, it is not known if this benefit is also present when UFH doses are more tightly controlled （as measured by activated clotting time, ACT）.

Prognostic implications of creatine kinase-MB elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention results from the evaluation of drug-eluting stents and ischemic events (EVENT) registry

Background Creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） elevation after been associated with increased risk for mortality. Although most infarction （pMI） as an elevation in CK-MB 〉 3 × upper limit of and variation in site-specific definitions of the ULN may limit the percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） has studies have defined periprocedural myocardial normal （ULN）, use of different CK-MB assays value of such relative thresholds.

THE EVALUATION METHODS OF VELVET ANTLER AND THE DETERMINATION OF NUCLEOSIDES AND STEROID HORMONES IN DIFFERENT PARTS FROM SIKA DEER AND RED DEER

Velvet antler is an important and precious traditional Chinese animal medicine,and was used for strengthening the kidney,anti-fatigue,improving sexual function and so on.But the evaluation methods of velvet antler and the scientific evidence for the use of antler is insufficient.Materials and Vacuum freeze drier was used for dehydration of the fresh antler at-60.,6 pa for 24 h.

Validation of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire and its application in the evaluation of chronic cough

Objective To validate the effectiveness,repeatability and treatment responsiveness of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire(HARQ),and to determine its clinical value.Methods A standard Chinese version of HARQ was developed by an established translation procedure and its repeatability was assessed in a preliminary study involving 55 untreated patients