The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In mu...The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In multi-steps extraction, the extraction yields of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 21.52%, 9.33%, and 2.90%, and their total phenols contents were 182.08, 176.33, and 177.08 mg CAE/g, respectively, with cichoric acid (62.07 - 66.57 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. No differences in the contents of individual and total caffeic acids derivates existed among 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts. The dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10(E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamide 8/9) contents of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 505.38, 598.61, and 585.99 µg/g, respectively. In multi-batches extraction, the extracted dry weight increased with increasing the sample batches, with the extraction yields and alkamide 8/9 contents of samples decreased from 19.93% to 12.98% and 534.36 to 269.76 µg/g, respectively. The total phenol (177.25 - 186.92 mg CAE/g), individual and total caffeic acid derivatives (85.99 - 95.06 mg/g) contents of extracts among different sample batches were not significantly different, with cichoric acid (63.66 - 70.31 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. All the prepared extracts also exhibited potent antioxidant properties. Overall, the two-step sequential extraction is desirable for extracting bioactive compounds from freeze-dried E. purpurea flower.展开更多
Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory...Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory activities and potential mechanisms of Co-cultured ARs were studied.Methods:The experimental materials were obtained by bioreactor co-culture technology and used in the activity research.In this study,mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used as in vitro model.Different concentrations of AR extract(50-400 g/mL) were used to treat cells.The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) phosphorylation,and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-a levels were determined by the Western blot analysis.Results:In the co-cultured ARs,total flavonoids and total caffeic acid were determined,and the contents of both bioactive compounds were significantly higher than those ARs from the single-species culture.Compared with the control group,the large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators was released after LPS stimulation.However,in the extract groups with different concentrations(25,50,and 100 g/mL),the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,the levels of phosphorylation of MAPK proteins,including p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p-extracellular regulated protein kinases were significantly(P <0.05) decreased in the extract groups,revealing that the AR extract probably involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion:Collectively,our findings suggested that the co-cultured ARs of E.pallida and E.purpurea can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages and possess the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MAPK signaling pathways.展开更多
文摘The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In multi-steps extraction, the extraction yields of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 21.52%, 9.33%, and 2.90%, and their total phenols contents were 182.08, 176.33, and 177.08 mg CAE/g, respectively, with cichoric acid (62.07 - 66.57 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. No differences in the contents of individual and total caffeic acids derivates existed among 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts. The dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10(E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamide 8/9) contents of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 505.38, 598.61, and 585.99 µg/g, respectively. In multi-batches extraction, the extracted dry weight increased with increasing the sample batches, with the extraction yields and alkamide 8/9 contents of samples decreased from 19.93% to 12.98% and 534.36 to 269.76 µg/g, respectively. The total phenol (177.25 - 186.92 mg CAE/g), individual and total caffeic acid derivatives (85.99 - 95.06 mg/g) contents of extracts among different sample batches were not significantly different, with cichoric acid (63.66 - 70.31 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. All the prepared extracts also exhibited potent antioxidant properties. Overall, the two-step sequential extraction is desirable for extracting bioactive compounds from freeze-dried E. purpurea flower.
基金supported by grants the Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program (20180101278JC) for the financial supportthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370388 and 31660080)。
文摘Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory activities and potential mechanisms of Co-cultured ARs were studied.Methods:The experimental materials were obtained by bioreactor co-culture technology and used in the activity research.In this study,mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used as in vitro model.Different concentrations of AR extract(50-400 g/mL) were used to treat cells.The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) phosphorylation,and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-a levels were determined by the Western blot analysis.Results:In the co-cultured ARs,total flavonoids and total caffeic acid were determined,and the contents of both bioactive compounds were significantly higher than those ARs from the single-species culture.Compared with the control group,the large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators was released after LPS stimulation.However,in the extract groups with different concentrations(25,50,and 100 g/mL),the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,the levels of phosphorylation of MAPK proteins,including p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p-extracellular regulated protein kinases were significantly(P <0.05) decreased in the extract groups,revealing that the AR extract probably involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion:Collectively,our findings suggested that the co-cultured ARs of E.pallida and E.purpurea can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages and possess the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MAPK signaling pathways.
