The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary s...The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary shifts in the farming-pastoral ecotone （FPE）; however, the quantitative methods for detecting climate contributions remain relatively limited. Based on long-term data of meteorological stations and interpretations of land use since 1970, climate and land use boundaries of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were delineated. To detect climate contributions to the FPE boundary shifts, we developed two quantitative methods to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of climate and land use boundary at the east-west （or south-north） （FishNet method） and transect directions （Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS method）. The results indicated that significant differences were exhibited in climate boundaries, land use boundaries, as well as climate contributions in different regions during different periods. The northwest FPE had smaller variations, while the northeast FPE had greater shifts. In the northwest part of the southeast fringe of the Greater Hinggan Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the shifts of climate boundaries were significantly related to the land use boundaries. The climate contributions at an east-west direction ranged from 10.7% to 44.4%, and those at a south-north direction varied from 4.7% to 55.9%. The majority of the results from the DSAS were consistent with those from the FishNet. The DSAS method is more accurate and suitable for precise detection at a small scale, whereas the FishNet method is simple to conduct statistical analysis rapidly and directly at a large scale. Our research will be helpful to adapt to climate change, to develop the productive potential, as well as to protect the environment of the FPE in northern China.展开更多
Rural settlements serve as an important part of the rural landscape,and environmental conditions influence their spatial distribution.We hypothesize that there are variations in the spatial patterns of settlements acr...Rural settlements serve as an important part of the rural landscape,and environmental conditions influence their spatial distribution.We hypothesize that there are variations in the spatial patterns of settlements across different farming–pastoral ecotones that exist in accordance with different human activities and environmental conditions.We used remote sensing imagery,digital elevation model,and GIS technology to analyze and compare the spatial patterns of settlements and factors influencing these patterns across pastoral,agricultural,and ecotone areas in Inner Mongolia,China.A Voronoi model,adjacency analysis,landscape metrics,and quantitative analysis were conducted.The results indicated that(1)the settlements in the three areas tended to have a random spatial distribution,and although there were no significant differences between the settlement types,agricultural settlements tended to be clustered and pastoral settlements tended to be evenly distributed;(2)the pastoral area had only a few large and sparsely fragmented patches;(3)the factors influencing settlement distribution mainly differed with respect to the NDVI,distance to roads and rivers,and elevation across three areas,but the slope degree was similar.These results indicated there are no significant differences between the spatial patterns of settlements along the agricultural to pastoral gradient,although environmental conditions differ.Consequently,we can optimize the spatial pattern of settlements and achieve sustainable development within farming–pastoral ecotones.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41401113, No.41371002 Foundation of Excellent Young Talents of IGSNRR, CAS, No.2016RC201+2 种基金 The Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, No.OFSLRSS201622 The Key Project of Physical Geography of Hebei Province China Scholarship Council
文摘The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary shifts in the farming-pastoral ecotone （FPE）; however, the quantitative methods for detecting climate contributions remain relatively limited. Based on long-term data of meteorological stations and interpretations of land use since 1970, climate and land use boundaries of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were delineated. To detect climate contributions to the FPE boundary shifts, we developed two quantitative methods to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of climate and land use boundary at the east-west （or south-north） （FishNet method） and transect directions （Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS method）. The results indicated that significant differences were exhibited in climate boundaries, land use boundaries, as well as climate contributions in different regions during different periods. The northwest FPE had smaller variations, while the northeast FPE had greater shifts. In the northwest part of the southeast fringe of the Greater Hinggan Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the shifts of climate boundaries were significantly related to the land use boundaries. The climate contributions at an east-west direction ranged from 10.7% to 44.4%, and those at a south-north direction varied from 4.7% to 55.9%. The majority of the results from the DSAS were consistent with those from the FishNet. The DSAS method is more accurate and suitable for precise detection at a small scale, whereas the FishNet method is simple to conduct statistical analysis rapidly and directly at a large scale. Our research will be helpful to adapt to climate change, to develop the productive potential, as well as to protect the environment of the FPE in northern China.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0505606)the Top Discipline and First-class University Construction Project(ydzxxk201618)of Minzu University of China。
文摘Rural settlements serve as an important part of the rural landscape,and environmental conditions influence their spatial distribution.We hypothesize that there are variations in the spatial patterns of settlements across different farming–pastoral ecotones that exist in accordance with different human activities and environmental conditions.We used remote sensing imagery,digital elevation model,and GIS technology to analyze and compare the spatial patterns of settlements and factors influencing these patterns across pastoral,agricultural,and ecotone areas in Inner Mongolia,China.A Voronoi model,adjacency analysis,landscape metrics,and quantitative analysis were conducted.The results indicated that(1)the settlements in the three areas tended to have a random spatial distribution,and although there were no significant differences between the settlement types,agricultural settlements tended to be clustered and pastoral settlements tended to be evenly distributed;(2)the pastoral area had only a few large and sparsely fragmented patches;(3)the factors influencing settlement distribution mainly differed with respect to the NDVI,distance to roads and rivers,and elevation across three areas,but the slope degree was similar.These results indicated there are no significant differences between the spatial patterns of settlements along the agricultural to pastoral gradient,although environmental conditions differ.Consequently,we can optimize the spatial pattern of settlements and achieve sustainable development within farming–pastoral ecotones.
